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OCTOBER 2016
stronger winds. The mangroves trees cant hold the storms and will tear up coast lines and
destroy homes.
into the rainforest, this is even more common in remote areas where there is frequently is
little oversight by the State. Increased oil extraction brings more cO2 into our atmosphere
increasing climate change which in turn makes the rainforests more vulnerable to drought and
wildfires.
Effects beyond of the dam is effects on humans. Even dam is helpful to humans by provide
electricity and storage water, it also can be harmful. The negative effect is the dam can
become breeding grounds for disease such mosquitoes that cause malaria or AEDES and
snails that cause Schistosomiasis because of slow flowing water.
The creation of dam and reservoirs also acquire relocation of human population that close to
the constructed area. The reservoir will submerged large area of land and forcing million
people to relocate. Not only people will relocate but animals also will lose their habitat and
trees will submerged into water.
Landfills
Landfills is one of the important things to make our lives better. If we do not have the place to
throw all of the rubbish there will be rubbish every inch and corner on this world. Landfills is
the method of burying the waste that produced by human into soils. But there is a downside
of landfill which may be harm to the environment and human too. Every household have their
own waste to throw everyday. According to Environment Protection Agency (EPA) average
for a person to throw or dump waste is likely 2.04 kg per day.From the thrown waste, many
of them will end up in becoming a toxin substance which can harm human in future. In time,
the toxic from the waste will be absorb by the soils and will flow through fresh water
underground. It will effects the humans without we even know about it.
Other than that, the effect of landfill to the environment is it produces a greenhouse gas to the
atmosphere. This happens when, organic things such as food scraps and green waste were put
into the landfill and covered by other things. This process will make the food to break down
in pieces in which eventually produces a gas called methane. This is 21 times more dangerous
than the carbon dioxide releases by the deforestation. Besides that, methane is one of the
flammable gas, it will cause a huge explosion or fire when it becomes compressed. Sooner or
later it will affect the environment. Moreover, the landfill also produces dust and nonchemical contaminants which makes their way to the atmosphere which later causes acid rain
and air pollution. It will increase the risk of to the health of human being who stay near the
landfill. The surroundings people have the foul smell when the waste in the landfill being
burn which later cause huge environment problem.
Land Disturbance
A more basic cause of environmental degradation is land damage. Numerous weedy plant
species, for example, garlic mustard, are both foreign and obtrusive. A rupture in the
environmental surroundings provides for them a chance to start growing and spreading.
These plants can assume control over nature, eliminating the local greenery. The result is
territory with a solitary predominant plant which doesnt give satisfactory food assets to all
the environmental life. Whole environments can be destroyed because of these invasive
species. According to St. Louis County (2016), land disturbances are categorized as either
major or ordinary depending on the size of the land disturbance. For major land disturbance,
which is a land that disturbance involving one acre (43,560 square feet) or more of land. This
includes contiguous parcels/lots for a proposed development that ultimately will disturb one
acre or more. For example, advance grading of 0.90 acres for the construction of a cul-de-sac
and infrastructure improvements for a new 6 lot subdivision, together with the eventual
foundation excavation and construction of 6 houses/driveways is a Major Land Disturbance
since ultimately more than one acre will be disturbed for the entire development. For
Ordinary Land Disturbance which is a land disturbance involving 2,000 square feet or more
and less than one acre (43,560 square feet) of land. Small land disturbances involving less
than 2,000 square feet and cuts/fills less than 30 cubic yards are generally exempt from being
regulated and needing a permit provided the disturbance doesnt create problems/damage to
adjoining property such as changing elevation at property line, affecting existing swale
drainage, and so on. For example, a foundation excavation for a 5,000 square foot building
addition where the excavated dirt is distributed over 10,000 square feet of site area during
finish grading is a land disturbance affecting 15,000 square feet of land.
Overpopulation
Rapid population growth on Earth where the world human population (the total number of
living humans on Earth) was 7.244 billion as of July 2014 according to the medium fertility
estimate by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population
Division and it is projected to reach 7.325 billion in July 2015. Population in the world is
currently growing at a rate of around 1.14% per year. The average population change is
currently estimated at around 80 million per year. Mortality rate has gone down due to better
medical facilities which had resulted in increased lifespan. More population simple means
more demand for food, clothes and shelter. With this increasing population, there is definitely
a greater need for resources and puts strain on natural resources which results in degradation
of our environment. One of the examples will be the need for water. In the last 45 years, the
demand for earths natural resources has doubled, due to rising living standards in rich and
emerging countries and increasing world population. Today humanity uses 50% of the
planets fresh water. In 40 years we will use 80% because of the rapid growth of population.
Other than that, people need more space to grow food and provide homes to millions of
people. This results in deforestation which is another factor of environmental degradation.
Urban Sprawl
Urban sprawl refers to the migration of a population from populated towns and cities to low
density residential development over more and more rural land. Besides that it is also the
uncontrolled expansion of urban area. Besides human, the expansion has been give bad
impact to the wildlife habitat where they loss their habitat because of new road construction
and road expansion. Today almost all countries are using land irresponsibility to fulfill the
demand of greedy human wishes. All the flora and fauna has been destructed and lost
completely instead of being replaced. Besides that, it also has giving the harmful impact to
human survival and causes serious environmental issue. According to Everything Connect
(2014), urban sprawl can cause higher water and air pollution, increased traffic jam, loss the
agricultural capacity, higher rate of obesity, increased runoff into river and lakes, high
pressure and environmental degradation.
Transportation
Nevertheless, transportation also become a cause of environment degradation. Eventhough
the growth of speedy transportation is mans greatest achievement, but in context of
environment it creates air pollution, noise pollution, transportation infrastructure
requirements and many more. In 2013, transportation contributed more than half of the
carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into
our air (WHO, 2014).
environment and at the same time it will record high temperature cause of the thinning of the
ozone layer.
Besides, transportation also can cause the noise pollution in our environment. According to
the World Health Organisation (WHO), noise is second only to air pollution in the impact it
has on health. It is a major cause, not only of hearing loss, but also of heart disease, learning
problems in children and sleep disturbance. WHO also report that each year Europeans lose at
least one million healthy life-years due to disability or disease caused by traffic noise. And
that estimate is said to be conservative. yet, as a human that live in this planet, everybody
should play an important role in order to curb the problem from it become more serious.