REFRACTION OF WATER WAVE

Pembiasan Gelombang Air

change in its direction of waves due to changes in speed
of wave when the wave travel through waters of different
depth.
perubahan dalam arah perambatan gelombang
disebabkan perubahan dalam kelajuan gelombang air
apabila gelombang air merambat melalui kedalaman air
yang berbeza.
Deep region speed and wavelength is big
kawasan dalam kelajuan dan jarak gelombang besar
Shallow region speed and wavelength is small
kawasan cetek kelajuan dan jarak gelombang kecil
Frequency of wave in deep and shallow region is the
same.
Frekuensi gelombang di kawasan dalam dan cetek
adalah sama.

Water wave passing from the deep region to the shallow

region, the water wave is refracted toward the normal.
Bila gelombang air merambat dari kawasan dalam ke
cetek, gelombang air akan dibiaskan mendekati normal.

Water passing from the shallow region to the deep

region, the water wave is refracted away from the normal.
Bila gelombang air merambat dari kawasan cetek ke
dalam, gelombang air akan dibiaskan menjauhi normal.

Draw the refracted wave for each of the following

diagram.
Lukis gelombang yang terbias bagi setiap rajah dibawah.

Example 1

EFFECT OF REFRACTION OF SOUND WAVE

Kesan pembiasan gelombang udara

The diagram shows a plane water wave moving from one

area P to another area Q of different depth. If the speed of
water wave in P is 18 cm s-1, what is the speed of water
wave in Q?
Rajah menunjukkan gelombang air satah merambat dari
kawasan P ke kawasan Q yang berbeza kedalaman. Jika
kelajuan gelombang di P ialah 18 cm s-1, berapakah kelajuan
gelombang air di kawasan Q?

sound from a distance can be heard clearly at night

compare to day time
bunyi dari sumber yang jauh kedengaran lebih jelas
pada waktu malam berbanding waktu siang.
At night, air near the surface of the Earth is cooler than
the air above.
Pada waktu malam, lapisan udara berdekatan dengan
permukaan bumi lebih sejuk berbanding udara diatas.
This causes the density of air above the surface of the
earth has higher density than the air above.
Ini menyebabkan udara berdekatan dengan permukaan
bumi mempunyai ketumpatan yang lebih besar
berbanding udara diatas.
Speed of sound waves above the surface of the earth is
smaller than the air above, causing the sound wave to be
refracted back to the ground.
Kelajuan gelombang bunyi berdekatan dengan
permukaan bumi lebih kecil berbanding udara diatas,
menyebabkan gelombang bunyi dibiaskan balik ke darat.

EFFECT OF REFRACTION OF WATER WAVE

Kesan pembiasan gelombang air
When the water waves propagated from the sea to the
beach, the water waves follow the shape of the beach.
Apabila gelombang air merambat dari laut dalam ke
pantai, bentuk gelombang mengikut bentuk pantai.
It is because depth of water waves decreases faster at
the cape compare to the bay.
Ini disebabkan kawasan tanjung menjadi cetek lebih
cepat berbanding kawasan teluk.
The speed and wavelength decrease faster at the cape
compare to the bay.
Kelajuan dan jarak gelombang berkurang dengan cepat
di kawasan tanjung berbanding teluk.
Water wave is refracted nearer to normal.
Gelombang air dibiaskan mendekati normal.
The water in the bay calmer where as water at the cape
is rough. It is because the energy of the wave diverges at
the bay and converges at the cape.
Air adalah tenang di kawasan teluk dan bergelora di
kawasan tanjung. Ini adalah kerana tenaga gelombang
dicapahkan di kawsan teluk dan ditumpukan di kawasan
tanjung.

Question
1. Some plane waves travel on the surface of water in a
tank. They pass from a region of deep water into a region
of shallow water. Fig. 6.1 shows what the waves look like
from above.

Fig 7.1
(a)On Fig 7.1 mark with the symbol to show the distance of
one wavelength in the deep region
[1]
(b)Based Fig 7.1compare the
(i)frequency of the waves in deep and shallow region
.................................................................................... [1]
(ii)wavelength of waves in deep and shallow region
.
..................................................................................... [1]
(iii) speed of the waves in deep and shallow region.
.................................................................................... [1]

(iv) relate the depth of water and the wavelength.

(ii) the speed.

................................................................................... [1]
(v) name the physics concept involved.

............................... [1]
3. Fig. 5.1 shows a view from above of waves on the surface
of water in a water tank.

...[1]
(c) The waves have a speed of 0.12 m / s in the deep water.
Wave crests are 0.08 m apart in the deep water.
Calculate the frequency of the source producing the
waves.
[2]
(d) Fig. 6.2 shows identical waves moving towards the
boundary at an angle.
Fig 5.1
The wavefront AB is travelling in region P towards region Q,
where the water is shallower and the waves travel more
slowly.
(a) Some time later, the wavefront has moved into region Q.
CD, CE and CF are suggested positions of the new
wavefront.
(i) State which is the correct position of the new
wavefront.

Fig. 6.2
2.A water wave of frequency 3.6 Hz is generated in a ripple
tank. Fig. 5.1 is a scale diagram that shows the
wavefronts travelling from deep water to shallow water in
the ripple tank. A length of 1.0 cm on the diagram
represents 8.0 cm in the ripple tank.

..................................................................................[1]
(ii) Explain your answer to (i).
.....................................................................................
.[2]
(b)The wave from position AB in region P now moves to
position CG in region Q.

Figure 5.1
(a) (i) Using measurements from Fig. 5.1, determine the
wavelength of the wave in the deep water.
[2]
(ii) Calculate the speed of the wave in the deep water.

Fig. 5.2
State the change that has been made and explain your
reasoning.
[2]

(b) As the wave passes into the shallow water, state what
happens to
(i) the frequency,
............................ [1]

.
...................................................................................... [2]