AN OVERVIEW OF THERMAL

POWER PLANT AND HP AND

LP HEATERS

BY- ANKIT GUPTA

NIT JAMSHEDPUR

INTRODUTION
The TATA POWER Ltd. (Tata Power) is one of the oldest private
power sector utilities in our country. Till recently called Tata
Electric Companies (TEC) the Tata Power Group comprised three
companies.
TATA POWER

Set up in 1999

Andhra Valley

Set up in 1916

TATA Hydro

Set up in 1910

These Company manages around 3200 MW of generation,

transmission, and distribution business at present and has set
goals to take this level to 5000 MW by the year 2008. It also
intends to diversity into related infrastructure business for
further growth. The Company started its operations in
Jharkhand with the acquisition of 67.5 MW coal based captive
power unit of TATA STEEL in April 1997.
Keeping in view the industrial development of Jharkhand and
modernization expansion programmes in TATA STEEL, TATA
POWER decided to add two more units of 120 MW capacity
each at Jamshedpur in the year 1998.
The first 120 MW unit began commercial operation in February
2001 followed by the second unit in February 2002. These two
units constitute the first ever IPP in the state of Jharkhand.
Situated in Jojobera on the outskirts of Jamshedpur amidst
green surrounding, this division of TATA POWER today is one of
the most efficient and reliable power generation utilities in the
eastern region.
The principal customer of TATA POWER is TATA STEEL with
whom the transactions done on the power purchase agreement
(PPA) basic. The entire power generated is sold to TATA STEEL,
which in turn utilizes it for its use as well as for supplying it to
the other local industries and township. TATA POWER earns its
entire revenue for TATA STEEL.

BASIC IDEA ON
THERMAL
POWER
GENERATION
As we know that CARNOT CYCLE is the mother of all basic
cycle. This Schematic diagram of the Carnot power cycle shows
that the water is heated in the boiler and is converted into
steam then this high pressure steam and high temperature
steam is used to rotate the turbine which is rigidly coupled the
generator. Then the low energy steam goes to the condenser
which is a heat exchanger and the steam is converted into
water. Then again with the help of compressor the water is
again pump to the boiler andBoiler
thus making the cycle to be a
closed cycle.
Compressor
(Pump)
Condenser

Turbine

1-2: Heat addition at constant temperature in the boiler

2-3: Isentropic Work done on the turbine
3-4: Heat rejection in the condenser at constant temperature
4-1: Isentropic Work done by the pump

Carnot cycle is having the maximum efficiency. But

implementing the Carnot cycle in practical situation is but
possible due to the following reasons:
i)

ii)

iii)

The steam is not saturated at the inlet of the turbine.

And the turbine cannot handle high moist content of
steam because the water droplet can cause damage to
the blades of the turbine.
At the inlet of the pump it is a two phase system. And to
manufacture a two phase pump is not practically
feasible.
Low work/ heat

Due to all these reasons the practical implementation of the

Carnot Cycle in Power Plants is not possible.

Rankine Cycle

1-2: Water is pump from the Hot Well to the Deaerator through
CEP (CONDENSATE
EXTRACTION PUMP).
2-3-10: DEAREATOR removes air from the condensate water.
3-4: BOILER FEED PUMP delivers the feed water from the
deaerator to the boiler.
4-5-6: Feed Water enters the ECONOMISER and then to BOILER.
6-7: SUPERHEAT

7-8: High pressure and high temperature steam enters the

HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE which is rigidly coupled with the
generator.
8-9: Steam is REHEAT
9-10-11: Steam enters INTERMEDIATED PRESSURE TURBINE
AND LOW PRESSURE TURBINE.
11-1: Steam is then converted into water in the CONDENSOR.

RESOURCES
COAL

RESOURCE
S

OIL
WATER

The fuels used for power generation are:

Coal
LDD(Light Diesel Oil)
WATER

COAL
The primary fuel is coal, 60% of which is procured. The balance
quantity is supplied by Mahanadi Coalfields Limited. The
specific Coal Consumption of the division is 0.76 Kg/kwh. The
two types of coal used are
Middlling Coal

(Gross calorific value= 4500 kcal/kg)

MLC Coal (Gross calorific value = 2500 kcal/kg)

LDO (LIGHT DIESEL OIL)

The secondary fuel used in the Plant is Light Diesel oil. It
is sourced form
Indian oil corporation or HPCL or
BPCL. Specific LDO Consumption of the
division is 0.71
ml/kwh.
Calorific value of LDO is 9000 kcal/kg.

WATER
The division gets its supply of water from Raw Water
pump House of TATA STEEL. The Specific water
consumption of the division is 2.49 l/kwh. Raw water is
treated in DM-Plant with pH limit of 5-7.5 , cond should be
between 1-0.5 and silica should be upto 20 ppm.

OVERVIEW OF JOJOBERA
POWER
PLANT

1. Cooling tower. 2. Cooling water pump. 3. Transmission line

(3-phase). 4. Unit transformer (3-phase). 5. Electric generator
(3-phase). 6. Low pressure turbine. 7. Condensate extraction
pump. 8. Condenser .9. Intermediate pressure turbine. 10.
Steam governor valve. 11. High pressure turbine. 12. Deaerator
. 13. Feedheater . 14. Coal conveyor. 15. Coal hopper. 16.
Pulverized fuel mill. 17. Boiler drums. 18. Ash hopper. 19. Super
heater. 20. Forced draught fan. 21. Reheater. 22. Air intake. 23.
Economizer. 24. Air pre-heater. 25. Precipitator. 26. Induced
draught fan. 28. Chimney Stack

PROCESS FLOW DIADRAM

Power Generation of jojobera

9

power plant is 547.5 mw

UNITS

Unit#1
Unit#2
Unit#3
UNIT#4
UNIT#5

COMMISSIONED
1997

2000
2001
2005
2009

CAPACITY

67.5

120
120
120
120

Areas of operation

Coal handling plant

Boiler and turbine areas
Transformer Yard
Electrostatic Precipitator
Switchyard

Fuel cycle

10

The material used for power generation is coal, light diesel oil
and water. Two types of coal are used for power generation at
TATA power jojobera plant:
Middlig coal (from Bokaro ) having G.C.V of 4000
kcal.
IB valley coal (Mahanadi mines) having G.C.V of
25000 kcal.

Coal Handling Plant

COAL HANDLING PLANT is responsible for procurement and
supply of sized coal to the Coal Mill Bunkers so that supply of

11

pulverized coal required for filling of Boiler for generation of

power is maintained without interruption.

TATA POWER receives the coal through wagon.

12

i) The

unloading of the coal is

done through wagon trippler.
ii) Then through conveyer belt the coal goes to the primary
crushing house, where the primary crushing of the coal is
done.
iii)Then the uncrushed coal and the rejected coal are
separated from crushed coal.
iv)Then the crushed coal goes form primary crushed to the
secondary crusher through junction #5. The size of the
crushed coal from the secondary crusher is about 25mm.
v) Then from junction #4 the crushed coal is stored in the
crushed coal yard #1 and crushed coal yard #2.
vi)Then through reclaim hopper #1 and reclaim hopper #2
the crushed coal is again loaded into the conveyer belt.
Through junction #2 #3 &#1 goes to the trippler floor.
vii)
Fro
m the trippler floor the crushed coal enters into the
bunker.
The uncrushed coals of irregular sizes are first initially crushed
to the fineness of 25 mm^3 in the coal handling plant. From
there it comes into bunkder through series of conveyer belts.
Capacity of the plant : The designed capacity of CHP is 1176
TPH & the rated capacity is 1000 TPH.
Conveyor System : Coal received from the Apron Feeder is
processed and conveyed through a series of equipment which
includes conveyors.

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FEEDER
The function of the feeder is to transfer the crushed coal from
the bunker to the mill. The speed of the feeder can be
monitored so that the amount of pulverized coal entering into
the furnace can be controlled to meet the power production
requirement at that particular time.

MILL
The mills are used to grid the crushed coal into fine pulverized
coal which is then conveyed to the boilers furnace by the
primary air. In Jojobera power plant ,XXP 783 Bowl Mills are
used
Where:

X- frequency (3-phase 540Hz)

R- Raymond, name of the inventor
P pressurized type with PA fan before

78 indicates the Bowl diameter in inches, 3 stands for the

number of rollers.
Five mills are provided for each unit.

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SPECIFICATION
TYPE
MADE BY
CAPACITY

AIR FLOW
DRIVE
KW
RPM
VOLTAGE

BOWL XRP
783
BHEL
MAX36.5TP
H
MIN8TPH
MAX 50.5
TPH
INDUCTION
MOTOR
3000
966
6.6KV

Bowl mills are medium speed (40-70 rpm) vertical mill. It has
got three journal shaft assemblies and a Bull ring (bowl) which
is used to pulverized the coal. It is rotated by a Planetary
Gear Box,

WORKING
The mill receives the crushed coal from the feeder through the
centre pipe. Then in trhe mill the coal is grinded by the
combined effect of the bowl and the three journal shat
arrangement which are at an angle of 120. The clearance
between the journal shaft arrangements and the bowl should
be about 200 BS Mesh (75 micron). Coal is fed to rotating bowl
and thrown outward by centrifugal force to the rotating ring
where it is pulverized by rolling under spring loaded rollers. Air
sweeps by the bowl and removes the product to the classifier,
from which large particles are returned for further grinding.

15

FURNANCE
The pulverized coal is then carried by the primary air from the
mill to the furnace. It is conveyed to the furnace through four
tables which fired the pulverized coal from each corners of the
furnace.
I.
II.

III.

IV.

There are fiver elevations A, B, C, D, E, from each mill

through which each pulverized coal is fired.
There are the three elevations AB BC CD DE through which
the oil (LDO) is fired in the initial start up time or in some
emergency.
The firing of the pulverized coal is done at such an angle
that FIRE BALL is created in the furnace. To get efficient
operation three Ts time temperature and turbulence is
maintained.
The furnace is made up of water walls.

CONDENSATE CYCLE
CONDENSATION SYSTEM
The water cycle thats starts from the condenser hot well to
the deaerator is known as condensate cycle. In the cycle the
steam that is condensed in the condenser is stored in the hot
well. It is then pumped by the CEP to SJAE, Gland Steam
Condenser, Drain cooler, LPH1 ,LPH 2 .LPH 3 and then finally to
the deaerator.

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HOT WELL
After the condensation of steam in the condenser, the
condensate water enters into the hot well. As the power plant is
closed cycle, but there are some water losses due to some
leakage or other factors, the level of hot well decreases. So in
order to maintain the level of water in the hot well, DM water is
being added as makeup of the system by water loss. This is
known as HOT WLL MAKE UP.

HOT WELL Make UP Pump

Two numbers of hot well make up pump are provided to
maintain hot well level, indirectly it supplies DM water to the
system to make up the losses.
CONDENSATE STORAGE TANK

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It serves as a storage tank for the demineralized water. It

receives the DM water from the DM plant. The function of CST
is :
i) CST is used for the hot well make up to maintain the hot
well level.
ii) It is used to fill the boiler drum in the initial startup
condition through the boiler fill pump.
iii)It is also used to fill the ACW tank through the boiler fill
pump.

CONDENSATE EXTRACTON PUMP

(CEP)
It is seven stage pump. It is submerged in the water to
provide Net Positive Suction Head (NSPH). The function of
CEP is to evacuated condensate water from the hot well
and supply it to the deaerator at rated pressure which is at
height of 22.5m.

Serial
No.

General
1.

2.
3.
4.

Manufacturer
Model No.
No. of pump
Type of Pump

5.
6.

Stages
Type of Suction

7.

Type of coupling

8.
9.

Type of seal
Type of thrust bearing

18

BHEL
EN7H32
2
Vertical, bowl type,
multi stage
7
Double suction at
first stage
Flexible, spacer
type
Mechanical
Tilting pad
type(between pump
and motor)

10.

Type of shaft

flexible

The design capacity of the pump is 360 m^3/hr.

SJAE AND GLAND STEAM CONDENSER

It is a heat exchanger that is used to increase the condensate
water temperature through the steam that these equipment
uses for their functioning.

DRAIN COOLER
It also acts as a heat exchanger that is also used to increase
the condensate water temperature. The drip of the LPH3 flows
to LPH2 and from there it flows to LPH1. The drip is then flows
to the drain cooler then it flows to LP flash tank and then to
condenser. The temperature of the drip of the heaters in the
drain cooler is higher than the condensate water. So the drain
cooler acts as horizontal heaters for the condensate water.

LP HEATERS
Low pressure heaters are a heat exchanger. In Jojobera power
plant LPH are shell and tube type heaters. The function of LP
heater is to extract steam from the turbine end heat the feed
water to take a plant fuel efficient. Generally three LP heaters
are used to

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raise the temperature of condensate water from the CEP outlet

temperature to the required
Deaerator inlet temperature. Thus it increases the efficiency of
power plant. LPH is a horizontal tube and shell type heat
exchanger which is attached with the condenser itself. Whereas
LPH2 & LPH3 are vertical shell and tube type heat exchanger.
The water passes through the tubes and steam flows through
the shell. The extraction of LPH1 is from 7th stage of LPT.
The extraction of LPH2 is from 5th stage of LPT.
The extraction of LPH3 is from 3rd stage of LPT.
Generally a LP heater has 2 sections.
1. Condensing section: where the steam is condensing.
2. Sub Cooled section : section where the steam is
converted into water
Water path: The feed water enters into the heaters and then
into the tubes. First is goes to the sub cooled section and into
the condensing section. It exchanges heat as it flows thus
increasing the feed water temperature.
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Steam path: The steam is extracted form IP & LP turbine and

enters into the condensing section. As the steam goes further it
reduces its enthalpy and thus its temperature, hence enters
into subcooled region. The extracted steam is converted into
drip.
The drip of the LP heater goes form the high pressure (HP)
heater to the LP heater. The drip of the LPH3 goes and then to
LPH, from here the drip finally goes into the condenser.

FEED WATER CYCLE

21

The water from the deaerator to the economizer is known as

Feed water cycle. The feed water from the deaerator is stored
in feed water storage tank(DFWS tank). Then it goes to the
boiler Feed pump, which pump the water through HPH5 & HPH6
to the inlet of the Economizer header.

DEAERATOR

Economizer
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It is a feed water heater which derives heat from the flue gases.
The flue gas leaving the LTSH is at higher temperature and has
higher enthalpy. So, economizer is present in second pass to
increase the plant efficiency. It is an arrangement of tubes
through which fed water flows from BFP at high pressure and
flue gas passes over the tubes ,thus raising the temperature of
feed water. The use of economizer reduces per hour coal
consumption to a great extent.

STEAM CYCLE

Hp lp bypass system

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This by-pass system has been provided to allow the steam to

build up, during startup, matching the parameters of the
turbine. The steam generated is dumped into the condenser,
thus avoiding loss of boiler water. The by-pass system has two
sections: HP & LP. The HP bypass system diverts the main
steam to the cold reheat CRH line. HP bypass system also
reduced the rated steam parameters of the incoming steam
from the superheaters to the steam conditions expected in the
CRH line.
The LP by-pass system diverts the incoming steam from the hot
reheat HRH line to the condenser after reducing the HRH steam
parameters to the condition approximately to that of LP turbine
exhaust steam.

Gland steam condenser

24

The turbine is lifted with a set of glands. Three glands are

provided to reduce steam leakage to a minimum and to prevent
any air ingress into the turbine. Steam leakage leads to the
requirement of increased makeup. This increases the load on
the feed and boiler water treatment chemicals and to a
deterioration of the working environment surrounding the
power plant. Air ingress leads to a loss of vacuum and hence
reduction in plant efficiency and caused problems of thermal
stressing around the gland as well as increases oxygen content
of the exhaust steam.

HP TURBINE AND IP TURBINE

GLANDS
The pressure in the HPT & LPT is quite high in comparison with
the atmospheric pressure. And the clearance between the
rotating shaft and the casing cannot be practically zero. This
would lead to the steam leakage from the HPT& LPT. This
leakage is minimized by using glands. The glands have many
narrow sections. So by expanding or throttling the pressure is
reduced and thus reducing the possibility to escape from the
turbine. In initial start up of the unit the steam from the APRDS
system is used to compensate the air pressure.

LP turbine glands.
The pressure at the last stage of LP turbine is less than the
atmospheric pressure. So the air can ingress from the
surrounding to the turbine casing which can damage the
turbine sacing due to the moisture content in the air and can
also reduce the efficiency of power plant. To minimize this
glands are provided, but they are not efficient enough to stop
the air form entering the turbine. So, excess steam that leaks

25

out to the IPT & LPT is applied from inside of LPT to compensate
the effect of atmospheric air.

Steam jet air ejector

SJAE is used to maintain the vacuum in the condenser. Here in
Jojobera power plant unit #1,#4 has ejector whereas rest all
have vacuum pump.

Working
This is a simple diagram of SJAE. Here the steam of 18 from the
APRDS enters into the inlet of the SJAE. SJAE has two
converging and diverging nozzle where a low pressure zone is
developed between the both sections.

26

COOLING TOWER

27

Cooling tower is very important in power plants. It is basically a

heat exchanger. The primary task of the cooling tower is to
reject heat to the atmosphere. The Steam that
comes from the LP turbine is condensed in the condenser, so a
heat exchanger is necessary in the condenser. And this is
possible by using cool circulation water into the condenser,
which also gain heat and becomes hot and this hot water from
the condenser is sent back to cooling tower. There is loses its
heat into the atmosphere.
The above diagram shows the schematic diagram of the cooling
water circulation. The cooling water enters into the condenser
and rom there it interacts there and hot water goes to the
cooling tower through the riser and from there it releases its
heat into the environment and is collected into the water basin
beneath the cooling tower and then goes to the CW pump and
28

then the pump circulates the water back into the condenser.
Thus makes the cycle a closed one. All though it is a closed one
but there are some losses associated to it i.e evaporation loses
or some leakage.

Types of cooling tower

Cooling tower falls in two main categories:
i) Natural Draft: This type of cooling tower uses very large
concrete chimneys. Air flow through this tower is produced
by the density differential that exists between the heated
air inside the stack and the relatively cool ambient air
outside the tower.
ii) Mechanical Draft: Mechanical Draft towers utilize large
fans to force or such air through circulated water. The
water falls downward over fill surfaces, which help
increase the contact time between the water and the air
this helps maximize heat transfer between the two.
Mechanical draft towers can be further sub-divided into the
following types on the basis of the airflow arrangements:
Counter flows induced draft
Counter flows forced draft
Cross flow induced draft

29

FEEDWATER HEATER
A feedwater heater is a heat exchanger designed to preheat
boiler feedwater by means of condensing steam extracted (or
bled) from a steam turbine. Preheating the feedwater reduces
the irreversibilities involved in steam generation and therefore
improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the system.

RELATION TO POWER PLANT CYCLE.

The heating process by means of extraction steam is referred
to as being regenerative. The feedwater heaters are an integral
portion of the power plant thermodynamic cycle. Normally,
there are multiple stages of feedwater heating. Each stage
corresponds to a turbine extraction point. These extraction
points occur at various stages of the expansion of steam
through the turbines. The presence of the heaters in the cycle
30

enhances the thermal efficiency of the power plant. The greater

the number of extraction stages, the lower the amount of
thermal energy required to generate a given amount of
electrical energy. A beneficial by-product of the energy
extracted by the heaters is the reduced rate of rejection of
energy to the environment.

Regenerative Rankine cycle

The regenerative Rankine cycle is so named because after
emerging from the condenser (possibly as a subcooled liquid)
the working fluid is heated by steam tapped from the hot
portion of the cycle. The process of extracting steam from the
turbine at certain points during its expansion and using this
steam for heating for feed water is known as Regeneration or
Bleeding of steam.

The regeneration is perform in regenerator.

A regenerative heat exchanger, or more commonly
a regenerator, is a type of heat exchanger where heat from
the hot fluid is intermittently stored in a thermal storage
medium before it is transferred to the cold fluid. To accomplish
this the hot fluid is brought into contact with the heat storage
medium, then the fluid is displaced with the cold fluid, which
absorbs the heat.

31

The orientation of heaters can be horizontal or vertical(Channel

Up or Down). The orientation oh heater in TATA POWER is
vertical.
Vertical heaters conserve less area but installation and removal
is difficult than for horizontal heaters.

ZONES
Zones are separate areas within the shell in a
feedwater heater.
Condensing Zone: All feedwaters have this zone. All
of the steam is condensed in this area, and any
remaining non condensable gases must be removed. A
large percentage of the energy added by the heater
occurs here.
Subcooling Zone: The condensed steam enters this
zone at the saturation temperature and is cooled by
convective heat transfer from the incoming feedwater.
Desuperheating Zone: The incoming steam enters
this zone, giving up most of its superheat to the
feedwater exiting from the heater.
In thermal power plant two type of regenerators are used.
1) Low Pressure Regenerator/Heater
2) High Pressure Regenerator/Heater.

Low pressure heaterIt is commonly known as LP heaters. These heaters are a kind
of Heat Exchanger which is used to transfer the heat energy
from one fluid to another. In LP heater extracted steam, which

32

is used to heat the feedwater, is from low pressure turbine.

Therefore it is known as low pressure heater.
LP Feed water Heaters pressure ratings range between 30 to
100 kg/cm2.
LP heater is located between the condensate pump and
Deareator.
The flow diagram of LP heater is shown in figure-

High pressure heaterIt is generally called LP heaters. H.P. heater is installed after
Boiler feed pump and it heats the feed water by exchanging
heat with the steam that is extracted from the H.P. Turbine from
different stages at different pressure.
HP Feed water heaters pressure ratings range from 100 to 300
kg/cm2.

Working of LP/HP Heaters

As the heat exchanger used is counter flow,

shell and tube type heat exchanger both
33

fluid(extracted steam and feed water) enter in

regenerator from opposite side.

Extracted steam is at high temperature and

pressure than feedwater, heat transfer takes place
between steam and feedwater.

Feedwater absorbs the heat rejected by steam

and then go to next heater or towards their
destination.

Extracted steam after rejecting heat

condenses which is known as drip.

Drip goes in opposite direction of feedwater.

Ex. If extracted steam rejects heat in LP3 heater
then drip will go to LP2 heater, because the
temperature or enthalpy of drip of LP3 is more than
LP2 heater. Therefore drip of LP3 heater rejects
some heat to feedwater passing through LP2
heater.

Drip of LP3

Drip of LP2

LP2
Heat
er

To condenser

LP1
Heat
er

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Drip of HP6
Drip of HP5

Condensor

HP5
Heat
er

HP flash
tank

DEAREAT
OR

Feedwater from CEP passes through LP heaters

then BFP to HP heaters and then in economiser.
The by-pass is present in case we have to stop the
working of any heaters. All by-pass are shown in
flow diagram.
Drain Coolers are employed because of heat
consumption improvement in case of drain
introduction into the lower heater through the
control valve. These types of HP Feed water
Heaters have been developed to meet the
increasingly severe operating conditions in large
turbo generator plants. These may include high
heat rates, sudden load variations and frequent
start-ups and shutdowns in case of peak-load
power plants.

35

Regenerators or Heat Exchanger

Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the
exchange of heat between two fluids that are at
different temperature while keeping them from mixing
with each other. Heat transfer in a heat exchanger
usually involves convection in each fluid and
conduction through the wall separating the two fluids.
The rate of heat transfer between the two fluids at a
location in a heat exchanger depends on the magnitude
of the temperature difference at that location, which
varies along the heat exchanger hence LMTD is
convenient to work with.
Shell and Tube type heat exchangers are used in
heaters.

THE OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

A heat exchanger typically involves two flowing fluids
separated by a solid wall. Heat is first transferred from
the hot fluid to the wall by convection, through the wall
by conduction, and from the wall to the cold fluid again
by convection. Any radiation effects are usually
included in the convection heat transfer coefficients.
The thermal resistance network associated with this
heat transfer process involves two convection and one

36

conduction resistances, as shown in Figure.

I-Inner surface, o- outer surface

R Radius, D- Diameter
k- Thermal conductivity of material
L-length of tube
A- Surface area

Total thermal resistance

Therefore heat transfer between fluids

where U is overall heat transfer coefficient

THE LOG MEAN TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE

For counter flow heat exchanger

37

38

CONCLUSION
TATA POWER Jojobera, Jamshedpur division was started
in 1997 by acquiring the 67.5 MW captive plants (CCP)
from TATA STEEL.
TATA POWER, Jamshedpur division is certified to ISO
9000:2001. An ISO 14000 certifications which are a
testimony to the excellent and the world class quality
management and environment standards respectively,
maintained by it. It is also certified by the organization
Health and Safety management standards certificate,
which is a standard for the safety and health on the
person there.
The primary fuel is coal of which 60% is obtained TATA
STEEL and remaining is Mahanadi Coalfields Limited
and West Bokaro. The verities of coal used in the TATA
POWER are IB- Valley and Middling. The GCV (Gross
Calorific Value) of valley is 27000-3300kcal/kg and ash
percent is 39%. The water comes from the river
Swarnarekha and is supplied by the JUSCO. The
secondary fuel used is Light Diesel Oil and is outsources
from the Indian Oil Corporation of JOCL or BPCL.
The TATA POWER is a signatory to the UN global
compact and its ten principles and countries to standby
these principles and activity implements them within
the scope of its business activities. It is committed to
be a good corporate citizen not only in compliance with
relevant laws and regulation but also by actively
assisting in the improvement of quality of the people in
communities in which it operates with the objective of
making self-reliant.
Such social responsibility would comprise to initiates
and support community initiatives in the field of
39

community health and family welfare, water

management, vocational training education and
literacy and encourage application of modern scientific
and managerial techniques and expertise. This is
reviewed periodically in consonance with regional
priorities. The company doesnt treat these activities as
optional ones but strives to incorporate them as
integral part of its business plan. The company also
encourages volunteering among its employees and
helps them to work in the communities.

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