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ET = Early time
SS = Steady state
PSS = Pseudo steady state
Early Time
Middle
Time
Wellbore Storage
Vertical Wells
Radial
Transition
Late Time
Pseudo-Steady
State
Linear Channel
Steady State
Linear Fracture
Bilinear
Fracture
Spherical
Wellbore Storage
Horizontal
Wells
Radial
Vertical Radial
Linear
Linear Channel
Pseudo-Steady
State
Steady State
Elliptical
Wellbore Storage
Wellbore Storage is caused when the flow rate at the wellhead is different than the flow rate at sandface. It
is usually caused by wellbore unloading, Afterflow Analysis, or changing fluid levels. Data affected by
wellbore storage effects contain little or no information about the reservoir.
Bilinear fracture flow occurs in hydraulically fractured wells when the conductivity of the fracture is finite. In
this flow regime, two types of linear flow occur: one from the matrix to the fracture and one from the fracture
to the wellbore. This is usually evident in long fractures (which are hard to prop open effectively) or in natural
fractures (which contain fracture fill minerals).
Spherical Flow
Spherical flow occurs when a vertical well is partially penetrated or during RFT/MDT/WFT tests.
Spherical flow is the occurrence of radial flow in both the horizontal and vertical directions.
See Also: Spherical Analysis
Radial Flow
In this flow regime, flow is in the horizontal radial direction. This type of flow exists in the time period before
the pressure transient has reached the boundaries of the reservoir (infinite-acting time period).
Radial flow is often observed following other flow regimes. The emergence of radial flow in an infinite
conductivity hydraulically fractured well is illustrated below. When the radius of investigation is small, linear
fracture flow is observed and as it expands, the flow increasingly becomes radial.
Late Time
The Late Time region begins when the radius of investigation has reached all of the boundaries. During this
time period, stabilized flow has been reached.
Linear Flow
After the radius of investigation has reached the top and bottom of the formation, fluid travels from the
formation perpendicular to the length of the wellbore. This is intermediate linear flow.
Elliptical Flow
Elliptical Flow occurs when fluid has started to flow from the reservoir at either end of the horizontal
wellbore. It is a transition between linear flow and radial flow.