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4 EG-3
Welded Steel Atmospheric Storage Tanks
Approved Apr 90
Engineering Guides and General Specifications
4 EG-3
Table of Contents
1. General ...................................... 3
1.1 Scope...............................................3
1.2 Reference Standards.......................3
1.3 Tank Calibration Tables...................5
2. Mechanical Design ................... 5

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
General ............................................5
Bottom Design .................................7
Shell Design.....................................7
Roof Design .....................................8
3. Materials .................................. 11
3.1 General ..........................................11
4. Appurtenances........................ 11
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
General ..........................................11
Manways........................................11
Nozzles ..........................................11
Threaded Connections ..................12
Water Drawoff................................12
Floating Roof Drains ......................13
Floating Roof Seals .......................13
Scaffold Cable Anchor ...................14
Gauge Hatches..............................15
4.10 Liquid Level Gauge And Float

Well ................................................16
4.11 Temperature Measurement...........16
4.12 Vents .............................................17
4.13 Tank Mixers...................................17
4.14 Swing Lines, Submerged Fill
Lines, & Bottom Connections.........17
4.15 Tank Heaters.................................18
4.16 Stairways And Ladders..................18
4.17 Platforms And Handrails ...............19
4.18 Foam Chambers ...........................19
4.19 Painting .........................................20
4.20 Internal Linings ..............................20
Table 1 - Tank Connections and

Appurtenances ........................ 22
Table 2 - Foam Chamber
Schedule .................................. 24
Table 3 - Shell Plate Thickness
Calculations ............................. 25
Data Sheets
4E3S1
4E3S1
4E3S1
API Standard 650 Storage Tank Data Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3

Drawings:
Page 1 of 25
4 EG-3
4E3D1
4E3D2
4E3D3
4E3D4
4E3D5
4E3D6
4E3D7
4E3D8
4E3D9
4E3D10
Approved Apr 90
Grounding Cable for Floating Roof Tanks

Water Drawoff for Storage Tanks
Design of Gauge Hatch Seal Pipe for Blanketed Fixed Roof Tanks
Typical Bottom Suction Sump Design
Typical Installation Slotted Gauge Pipe with Float Seal
Typical Automatic Gauge on Floating Roof Tank
Typical Automatic Gauge on Cone Roof Tank
Float Seal for 8 Inch Slotted Gauge Pipe
Bayonet Tank Heaters
Installation Details for Bayonet Tank Heaters
Page 2 of 25
4 EG-3
1.
Approved Apr 90
General
1.1
Scope
This Engineering Guide is intended to assist Shell and/or contractor engineers in
the basic design, procurement, and fabrication of welded steel atmospheric
storage tanks for Shell refineries, chemical plants, pipeline locations, marketing
plants and distribution terminals, and related facilities. It is intended to provide
Shell and/or contractor engineers with an understanding of Shell's current
engineering practices in tank design and to allow for choice in design and
selection of storage tanks consistent with the Design Class Concept. It is
intended that the Shell and/or contractor engineer use this Engineering Guide to
develop class specific General Specifications for a project.
Generally, storage tanks for all pipeline locations, marketing terminals and
marketing distribution plants and for offsite refinery and offsite chemical plant
locations are considered to be Class IV equipment, i.e., designed for long life
and low maintenance. Onsite storage tanks in refinery and chemical process
units should be the same Design Class as the process unit. Thus, most storage
tanks in Shell are designed as Class IV equipment. Consequently, this
Engineering Guide is basically written for Class IV equipment. Modifications
which could be considered for other than Class IV equipment are discussed
following the requirements for Class IV equipment. This Guide also provides
some explanation of Shell practices. Some items are not discussed because they
do not change regardless of Class Design or because no further explanation of
the item is necessary.
1.2
Reference Standards
1.2.1
This Engineering Guide is based on industry consensus standards.

Therefore, the latest editions and revisions of the following references
are part of this guide where they are applicable.
API STD 650
Welded Steel Storage Tanks for Oil Storage
API STD 2000
Venting Atmospheric and Low Pressure

Storage Tanks
API PUBL 2517
Evaporation Loss from External Floating

Roof Tanks
API Manual
Petroleum Measurement Standards - Chapter

2, Tank Calibration
ANSI A58.1
Minimum Design Loads on Buildings and

Other Structures
NFPA 11
Foam Extinguishing Systems
Page 3 of 25
4 EG-3
1.2.2
Approved Apr 90
NFPA 30
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
UL-142
Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and

Combustible Liquids
Other Shell Engineering Guides and General Specifications references

include the following:
4 EG-1
Tank Farm Design
4 EG-2
Selection of Storage Tanks
4 EG-4
Tank Bottom Selection
4 GS-31
External Floating Roof API 650 Storage Tanks
4 GS-32
Field Erected Fixed Roof API 650 Storage Tanks
4 GS-33
Shop Fabricated Fixed Roof API 650 Storage

Tanks
4 GS-34
Shop Fabricated Fixed Roof UL-142 Storage Tanks
4 GS-35
Field Erected Open Top API 650 Storage Tanks
4 GS-40
Concrete Slabs for Storage Tanks
4 GS-41
Tank Foundation Liners
4 GS-42
Double Steel Tank Bottoms
4 EG-80
Aluminum Pontoon Type Internal Floating Roofs
4 GS-81
Aluminum Pontoon Type Internal Floating Roof Minimum Cost Installation
4 GS-82
Aluminum Pontoon Type Internal Floating Roof Long Life Design
19 EG-1
Painting
19 GS-1
Field Painting
19 GS-2
Shop Priming - Inorganic Zinc
19 GS-10
Thin Film Lining
27 EG-1
Cathodic Protection
29 EG-20
Static Measurement Methods - General
29 GS-20
Static Measurement Methods - General
29 EG-30
Tank Calibration
Page 4 of 25
4 EG-3
1.3
Approved Apr 90
Tank Calibration Tables

1.3.1
In general, tank gauging tables, in accordance with 29 EG-30 and API

Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards - Chapter 2, should be
supplied with each tank. Tables shall be made from critical
measurements, or other methods approved by Shell, with supplemental
notation of 1/8" increment factors. Tables shall be corrected for
expansion due to liquid head.
COMMENT: Atmospheric storage tanks are often used for either
custody transfer measurement or for secondary, i.e., backup or check
measurement. Accurate measurement tables are necessary for this
purpose. The Measurement and Loss Control Department should be
consulted before waiving the requirement that tank calibration tables
be supplied with the tank.
2.
Mechanical Design
2.1
General
2.1.1
Atmospheric storage tanks should be designed in accordance with API

Standard 650 and its applicable appendices with modifications as
outlined in this Engineering Guide, the applicable General
Specifications, or as required by local regulations.
COMMENT: With Shell approval, some small shop fabricated
vertical storage tanks for Class I facilities may be built to UL-142,
except that UL-142 shall not be used for tanks which require double
steel bottoms.
2.1.2
API Tank Data Sheets, 4E3S1, (Appendix L of API 650) should be

filled out for each tank listing the specific gravity, the corrosion
allowance, the operating temperature, and any other pertinent data
required to allow the tank manufacturer to determine the required
thickness of the major tank components. The type of bottom required
(e.g. concrete slab, foundation liner, double bottom) must be specified
as a note on the data sheets. See 4 EG-4, Tank Bottom Selection.
2.1.3
Generally, corrosion allowances for tanks should be specified by the

Shell Materials Specialist in the Materials Selection Report. If no
report is prepared, the corrosion allowance should be established by
the Shell Materials Specialist.
2.1.4
Any specified corrosion allowance should be added to the tank

components in the following manner:
1. To the calculated thickness for each shell course and selfsupporting roof plates.
Page 5 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
2. To the minimum nominal thickness specified for the bottom plates

and for supported roof plates.
3. To the minimum nominal wall thickness specified for nozzles and
manways.
4. To web thickness of structural type roof support members and to
the wall thickness of pipe type roof support members.
2.1.5
The design metal temperature should be the lowest one-day mean

ambient temperature for the locality where the tanks are to be erected,
plus 15F. Isothermal lines of lowest one-day mean temperatures are
shown in Figure 2-1 of API 650.
2.1.6
Tanks designed for operating temperature above 200F should be

designed in accordance with Appendix M of API 650.
2.1.7
Shop fabricated tanks should be designed in accordance with Appendix

J of API 650. For Class I equipment, UL-142 may be used as the
design basis for shop fabricated tanks with prior Shell approval, except
that UL-142 shall not be used for tanks requiring double steel bottoms.
COMMENT: Appendix J permits shop fabrication of tanks with
diameters up to 20 feet. However, unless barge shipment of shop
fabricated tanks to the job site is possible, the maximum diameter tank
that can be shop fabricated and routinely shipped over the highways
or railroads is about 12.5 feet because of width and underpass
clearance limitations. In some parts of the country, the maximum
diameter of tank that can be shipped by highway or railroad may be
increased to 14 feet with special shipping permits. Shell's Land
Transportation Department or the tank manufacturer's shipping
department should be consulted about shipping requirements for any
proposed shop fabricated tank larger than 12.5 feet in diameter.
COMMENT: The scope of UL-142 restricts its use to shop fabricated
aboveground tanks, storing non-corrosive, stable liquids only, which
have specific gravity not exceeding that of water. The liquids may be
flammable and combustible at pressures between atmospheric and 0.5
psig. UL-142 does not require ASTM materials, qualified welding
procedures or welders, or any nondestructive testing. Use of tanks
fabricated to UL-142 for Shell projects should be limited and shall not
be used for tanks requiring double steel bottoms.
2.1.8
Wind, snow, and rainfall loadings should be in accordance with ANSI

A58.1 for a 100-year mean recurrence interval except that minimum
loadings are wind - 100 mph and rainfall - 10" in 24 hours. Seismic
design of storage tanks shall be in accordance with Appendix E of API
650.
COMMENT: Tanks designed for Class I facilities can ignore the
minimum loadings as specified above and use ANSI A58.1 loadings for
the 100-year mean recurrence interval.
Page 6 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
2.1.9
A nameplate per Figure 8-1 of API 650 should be attached to each tank
and a manufacturer's certification letter per Figure 8-2 of API 650 shall
be furnished for each tank.
2.1.10
Appendix A tanks with a minimum joint efficiency of 0.85 are

acceptable if they are more cost effective than a basic tank.
COMMENT: For Class I equipment, a joint efficiency of 0.70 may be
used for Appendix A tanks.
2.2
Bottom Design
2.2.1
Selection of the type of tank bottom consistent with groundwater

protection requirements is the most fundamental decision. The options
and selection criteria are covered in 4 EG-4, Tank Bottom Selection. 4
GS-42 covers requirements for double steel bottoms. The following
requirements apply to single bottom tanks:
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.2
Tank bottom plates shall be lap welded with a 1 inch

minimum overlap and two weld passes minimum, unless a
butt welded joint is specified or unless Appendix J applies.
If a butt welded joint is specified, it should be made using a
backing strip per Paragraph 3.1.5.4 of API 650 and a
minimum of two weld passes.
2.2.1.3
Normally, the tank bottom should be coned-up to the center

with a slope of 1 inch per 10 feet. Where large settlement is
anticipated, the initial cone-up slope shall be increased to
allow for settlement such that the bottom will remain coneup for a minimum of 10 years. Small tanks may have a flat
bottom or be sloped all in one direction to a side outlet.
Cone- down bottoms require specific Shell approval.
2.2.1.4
2.2.2
2.3
The minimum nominal bottom plate thickness shall be 1/4

inch.
On lap welded bottoms, the lapped plates shall provide a

shingle effect such that the product drains in a downward
direction with no pockets at the overlap weld to trap the
product.
Cathodic protection for tanks installed on sand pads (with or without

ring walls) is required unless specifically waived by Shell.
Shell Design
2.3.1
Shell plate thicknesses for tanks should be calculated in accordance

with the design requirements of API 650, except that the minimum
nominal bottom shell course thickness should be 1/4 inch for tanks
over 10.5 feet in diameter.
Page 7 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
COMMENT: The requirement that the bottom shell course thickness

be 1/4 inch minimum should be reconsidered for less than Class IV
equipment and for Appendix J tanks 10.5 feet in diameter and smaller.
The API 650 minimum allowable nominal thickness of 3/16 inch for
basic tanks less than 50 feet in diameter and Appendix J tanks 10.5
feet and smaller in diameter should be acceptable in most cases.
2.4
2.3.2
All tanks should have a top angle, turned outward.
2.3.3
The wind girder on floating roof and open top tanks should be located
3.5 feet below the top angle. When the wind girder is specified to be
designed as a walkway, it should conform to the requirements of
Paragraph 3.9.4 of API 650.
2.3.6
External floating roof and open top tanks which are to be calibrated
volumetrically by the Optical Reference Line Method should have slots
cut in the wind girder in accordance with the procedures for Optical
Reference Line Method in Chapter 2 of the API Manual of Petroleum
Measurement Standards.
Roof Design
2.4.1
Fixed roofs should be designed in accordance with API 650. External

floating roofs should be designed in accordance with Appendix C of
API 650. Internal floating roofs should be designed in accordance with
Appendix H of API 650. Aluminum pontoon type internal floating
roofs should be designed and installed per 4 EG-80 and 4 GS-81 or
4 GS-82.
COMMENT: Fixed roof tanks with aluminum pontoon type internal
floating roofs which have been designed and installed in accordance
with Appendix H and 4 GS-81 or 4 GS-82 do not meet the NFPA 30
definition of a fixed roof tank with an approved internal floating roof
with respect to special spacing requirements that are permitted in
NFPA 30 for fixed roof tanks with approved internal floating roofs.
2.4.2
Fixed roof tanks should be provided with a frangible joint between the
top angle and the roof plates in accordance with API 650. Where a
frangible joint is not possible, emergency vents in accordance with
Paragraph 3.10.2.5 of API 650 shall be provided. If an internal
pressure is specified, the roof-to-shell junction should be designed in
accordance with Appendix F of API 650.
COMMENT: The roof-to-top angle joints of dome and umbrella type
fixed roof tanks do not meet the API requirements for frangible joints.
2.4.3
Roof plates for lap welded fixed and floating roofs should have a 1
inch minimum overlap and a 2 inch maximum overlap.
2.4.4
Roofs which are to be internally coated should be seal welded on the

inside and outside or should be double butt welded with full
penetration and fusion except for the roof-to-top angle joint on fixed
Page 8 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
cone roof tanks which should be single fillet welded on the outside
only to retain the frangible joint feature.
2.4.5
Fixed roofs on tanks 20 feet and smaller in diameter should be selfsupporting.
2.4.6
Roof columns may be made from either pipe or structural shapes

except for tanks which are to be equipped with internal floating roofs.
Pipe type roof columns are required for internal floating roof tanks.
COMMENT: Pipe type roof columns should be used with internal
floating roofs because of the difficulty in obtaining effective seals
around structural shape columns where the structural shape columns
penetrate the internal floating roof.
2.4.7
For external floating roof tanks, either double deck or low deck annular
pontoon type floating roofs are acceptable unless otherwise specified.
Double deck roofs should be specified if insulation of the roof is
required on hot tanks.
COMMENT: Double deck roofs are stronger, more stable, and less
prone to sinking than low deck annular pontoon type roofs. However,
except for very small tanks, double deck roofs are considerably more
expensive than low deck annular pontoon type floating roofs.
COMMENT: The annular pontoon type floating roof is very difficult
to insulate because it is difficult to prevent pools of standing water on
the annular pontoon type roof because of its inherent flexibility of the
deck plates. With double deck roofs, insulation can be placed between
the decks and kept from contact with rainwater.
2.4.8
Floating roof leg supports should have two settings: a minimum

setting specified by the manufacturer and a maximum setting of six
feet. The two settings should be adjustable to allow for uneven tank
bottom settling. The floating roof may be notched for side entry tank
mixer clearance when necessary to decrease the minimum leg setting.
COMMENT: The maximum leg setting is to allow for adequate
working room under the roof for tank bottom inspection and repair
and coating when the tank is out of service and the roof is resting on
its legs. The low leg setting should be as low as possible to provide the
maximum working capacity of the tank without having to set the roof
on its legs.
2.4.9
Floating roof tanks should be equipped with at least one anti-rotation

device (generally an 8 inch nominal diameter pipe) which shall be
adaptable for gauging purposes (see 4.9.4). Floating roof tanks over
200 feet in diameter should have two anti-rotation devices located
approximately 180 degrees apart. The second anti-rotation device does
not have to be adaptable for gauging purposes. A flexible seal should
be installed around the opening where the anti-rotation device goes
through the roof.
Page 9 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
2.4.10
Floating roof pontoons should be compartmented by internal

bulkheads. Each bulkhead shall also be provided with a continuous
single fillet weld across the top of the bulkhead to make each
compartment liquid and vapor tight.
2.4.11
Air quality control regulations require that the top of the secondary
seal on the floating roof remain below the top edge of the shell when
the floating roof is at maximum operating liquid level. This may be
done by restricting the maximum operating liquid level in the tank to
some height below the design liquid level or by adding a windskirt (or
top-shell extension) to the shell above the design liquid level.
If a windskirt is used, the shell of the tank should be designed for a
product level up to the normal position of the top angle (i.e., bottom of
the windskirt) with overflow drainage openings or alarm devices used
to indicate liquid level rise above the design liquid level. Alarm
devices are preferred over overflow drainage openings to indicate the
rise of the liquid level above the design liquid level. If used, overflow
drainage openings may require vapor diaphragms or covers which will
permit the liquid level to overflow but will prohibit the vapor from
escaping the tank in order to avoid violating air quality control
regulations.
The windskirt shall be of sufficient height to fully contain the top of
the secondary seal when the roof is floating at maximum liquid level.
2.4.12
External floating roofs over 200 feet in diameter should be equipped

with foam dams. Foam dams shall be designed in accordance with
NFPA 11.
COMMENT: Some floating roof tanks under 200 feet in diameter may
require foam dams, depending on the product contained. The Shell
Safety Specialist should be consulted to determine if floating roof tanks
under 200 feet in diameter storing flammable or highly combustible
products require foam dams.
2.4.13
The floating roof shall be grounded to the shell by stainless steel

shunts. The shunts should be installed above the secondary seal with a
maximum spacing of 32 feet and a minimum of four shunts per roof.
No shunts shall be installed in the vapor space between the primary
and secondary seals on flexible foam log type primary seals. On
mechanical shoe type primary seals, shunts shall not be installed in the
vapor space between the primary and secondary seals if the tank
manufacturer's design electrically isolates the hanger mechanism
between the shell and the roof.
2.4.14
On an external floating roof tank, the rolling stairway should be

bonded to both the floating roof and the shell by 2/0 flexible welding
cable in accordance with drawing 4E3D1.
Page 10 of 25
4 EG-3
3.
Approved Apr 90
Materials
3.1
General
Unless otherwise specified in the Materials Selection Report, the tank
manufacturer should be left free to select any material listed in API 650 that is
appropriate for the design temperature, toughness and thickness.
4.
Appurtenances
4.1
General
A checklist of appurtenances which may be installed on a tank is shown in
Table 1.
4.2
Manways
4.2.1
Shell manways and fixed roof manways should be a minimum of 24" in

diameter. Floating roof deck manways should be a minimum of 30" in
diameter.
COMMENT: Smaller shell and roof manways, but not less than 20
inches in diameter, may be considered for Class I equipment
4.3
4.2.2
The number of manways should depend upon the size of the tank and
the requirements for access and venting during tank cleaning. Shell
manways should be located to provide cross-ventilation when clean-out
doors and manways are opened. Table 1 shows the recommended
relationships between tank size and the number of roof and shell
manways.
4.2.3
The roof manway in fixed roof tanks 20 feet and under in diameter
should be placed in the center of the roof and be reinforced with a 1/4
inch thick by 48 inch outside diameter plate. The manway may be
used for a scaffold cable anchor.
Nozzles
4.3.1
Connections 2 inches in nominal diameter and larger should be

flanged. Slip-on and welding neck flanges 24 inches in diameter and
smaller should be standard raised face ANSI Class 150 in accordance
with ANSI B16.5. Flanges 30 inches in diameter and larger should be
Class 150 in accordance with API 605.
Page 11 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
COMMENT: The flange facing dimensions listed in Table 3-10 of API

650 for flanges 30 inches in diameter and larger correspond to the
flange facing dimensions for ANSI Class 125 cast iron flanges. ANSI
Class 125 cast iron flange dimensions are the same as Class 150 in
MSS SP-44. The tank designer needs to verify that when he uses
flanges 30 inches in diameter and larger, the mating flange on the
connecting pipe or valve will mate with his tank flange dimensionally.
COMMENT: There are minimum nozzle sizes for internal lining
application. The tank designer should review the proposed internal
lining system with the Shell Coating Specialist to determine the
minimum required nozzle size.
4.4
4.5
4.3.2
Nozzle sizes 2-1/2 inch, 3-1/2 inch and 5 inch should not be used.
4.3.3
Shell nozzles should be located at the distance from the bottom of the
tank to the center of the nozzle defined as "Low Type" in API 650
except for the water drawoff.
4.3.4
The size and number of suction and fill nozzles should be based upon
the economics of the location and the maximum rate of filling or
emptying. Unless otherwise specified, the inlet nozzle should be sized
such that the velocity of the inlet stream is limited to a maximum of 13
feet per second.
Threaded Connections
4.4.1
Threaded connections may be used for sample connections,

thermowells, and other small diameter appurtenances which are
connected directly to the tank.
4.4.2
Threaded connections should be 3000# couplings and should not be

less than 3/4 inch NPS nor larger than 1-1/2 inch NPS.
4.4.3
Threaded connections should not be installed in tanks in corrosive

service (defined as requiring more than a nominal 1/16 inch corrosion
allowance), in insulated tanks or in tanks that require a thin film lining.
A flanged nozzle with a tapped companion or reducing flange should
be specified if a threaded connection is desired in these circumstances.
Water Drawoff
4.5.1
When specified, a water drawoff should be provided in accordance

with Drawing 4E3D2.
COMMENT: The API drawoff sump per Figure 3-15 of API 650 is
also acceptable except for tanks to be internally lined.
Page 12 of 25
4 EG-3
4.6
Approved Apr 90
Floating Roof Drains

4.6.1
The minimum size primary drain should be 3 inch diameter for floating
roof tanks up to 120 feet in diameter, 4 inch diameter for tanks more
than 120 feet in diameter but less than 200 feet in diameter, and 6 inch
diameter for tanks 200 feet in diameter and greater.
COMMENT: On large diameter floating roof tanks, water often pools
around the rolling ladder track and will not drain naturally to the
center sump. Careful review of the tank manufacturer's roof and drain
design is required by the purchaser. Consideration should be given to
installing a secondary drain in the area of the rolling ladder track to
prevent pooling of water.
4.7
4.6.2
Primary roof drains may be either pipe type with flexible joints or the
hose type. Hose type drains should use heavy duty hoses such as
Coflexip or Mesa's Armor-Clad. For less than Class IV equipment, a
lighter duty hose may be considered but must be compatible with the
stored product.
4.6.3
Hose type drains should be designed for a minimum external working

pressure of 25 psi and should have a negative buoyancy in water with
uniform weight per foot throughout. When recommended by the hose
manufacturer, hose protectors of the tripod type shall be welded to the
tank bottom near all roof legs where the hose could lay.
Floating Roof Seals

4.7.1
All external floating roofs shall be equipped with a double seal system
between the roof and the tank shell. The double seal system shall
consist of a primary seal and a rim mounted secondary seal. The
primary seal may be either the mechanical shoe type or a resilient foam
log type seal in contact with the tank liquid.
COMMENT: Mechanical shoe type seals generally cost more initially,
but last longer and require less maintenance than a flexible foam log
seal. However, when maintenance is required on a shoe seal, the tank
generally has to be taken out of service to repair the shoe type seal.
Flexible foam log seals generally cost less and have a shorter life.
However, with appropriate safety precautions, repair and replacement
of the flexible foam log seals can generally be done with the tank in
service if local practice permits.
COMMENT: Mechanical shoe type seals should be used for floating
roof tanks operating above 150F. Flexible foam log seals should be
used for floating roof tanks which have an internal shell lining because
flexible foam log seals are less abrasive against the shell wall than
mechanical shoe type seals.
COMMENT: API Publication 2517 contains a discussion of the
various types of floating roof seals.
Page 13 of 25
4 EG-3
4.7.2
Approved Apr 90
Galvanized steel shoes shall not be used in contact with aviation fuels
or jet fuels.
COMMENT: Zinc pickup from the galvanizing by aviation fuels or jet
fuels can affect aircraft engine performance.
4.7.3
Sheet steel used for mechanical shoe type primary seals and
compression plate type secondary seals should be 16 gauge minimum.
Stainless steel plate with stainless steel attachment accessories should
be used for mechanical shoe type seals. For less than Class IV
equipment, galvanized steel plate and attachment accessories may be
used except for aviation fuels or jet fuels.
4.7.4
Materials for the flexible foam log seal must be compatible with the
product stored. A typical general service material for the coated fabric
seal envelope is a polyurethane coated nylon or dacron fabric with a
total minimum weight of 30 oz/sq. yd. and a minimum gauge of 0.036
inches, such as Mesa Rubber's Mesathane 6036.35F, Reeves Brothers'
Style 7657, or approved equal. A typical general service material for
the foam log core is uncored flexible polyurethane foam with a
minimum density of 1.1 lbs/cu. ft., such as Mesa Rubber's Mesafoam
1220, Reeves Brothers' Curon 1115, or approved equal. Other
materials may be required. Final seal material selection should be
reviewed with the Shell Non-Metallic Materials Specialist.
COMMENT: Most tank manufacturers have their own standard
flexible foam log seal design. The tank manufacturer's materials for
his standard design should be reviewed with the Shell Non-Metallic
Materials Specialist. Equivalent materials should be accepted.
4.7.5
Burn out ports are not required in the secondary seals which use metal
compression plates as part of the secondary seal design.
COMMENT: Burn out ports are fabric covered openings in the
compression plates of secondary seals. The openings are used for ease
of getting a foam hose nozzle into the vapor space between the primary
and secondary seals in the event of a rim fire. However, the problem
of maintaining the fabric seals against deterioration over time and the
risk of air entering through the burn out ports and sustaining a seal
fire outweigh this advantage.
4.8
Scaffold Cable Anchor

An API standard scaffold cable anchor should be provided on each fixed roof
tank, except that on tanks 20 feet in diameter and less a center roof manway can
serve as the scaffold cable anchor.
Page 14 of 25
4 EG-3
4.9
Approved Apr 90
Gauge Hatches
4.9.1
Gauge hatches should be a minimum of 8 inch nominal pipe diameter,

self-closing and non- sparking. The gauge hatch on the gauging well
shall have a built-in tape gauge marker and should have a manual hold
open feature.
4.9.2
One gauge hatch should be positioned to be (1) accessible from the

gauger's platform or ladder, (2) at an orientation which is remote from
appurtenances such as tank inlet or tank mixers which generate
turbulence, and (3) at least 18 inches from the tank shell.
4.9.3
Crude oil storage tanks should be provided with four additional gauge
hatches. Three gauge hatches should be equally spaced around the
tank and located at least 18 inches from the tank shell. The fourth
gauge hatch should be located near the center of the tank. The
additional gauge hatches are useful in monitoring basic sediment
buildup on the tank bottom.
4.9.4
On floating roof tanks, the pipe type anti- rotation device located at the
gauger's platform should serve as a gauging well by flanging a gauge
hatch to the top of the anti-rotation device and slotting the anti-rotation
device full length from a point one foot from the bottom of the pipe to
a point one foot below the maximum liquid level height of the tank as
shown in Drawing 4E3D5.
COMMENT: Atmospheric pressure fixed roof tanks normally do not
require float wells for the gauging operations. If required due to
unusual turbulence, the guideline for slotted gauging wells in floating
roof tanks applies.
COMMENT: Tank manufacturers often have standard designs for this
assembly which are acceptable and are thus preferred from a cost
standpoint.
4.9.5
The slotted gauging well per 4.9.4 may require a float seal system to
minimize vapor releases and to comply with governing air quality
control regulations. An example float seal is shown in Drawing
4E3D8.
4.9.6
On fixed roof tanks that are gas-blanketed, the gauge hatch should be
flanged connected to the 8 inch gauge pipe and a roof level manometer
should be installed to indicate blanket pressure. The gauge pipe should
be supported from the tank shell and should extend from 1 foot above
the tank floor to 8 inches above the tank roof in accordance with
Drawing 4E3D3.
4.9.7
A datum plate should be attached to the shell six inches above the
bottom and directly under the gauge hatch and the reference point (see
4.9.9) to provide a fixed contact surface from which liquid depth
measurement can be made. When a combination anti-rotation
device/gauging well is required on a floating roof tank, the datum plate
Page 15 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
should be installed under the gauging well as shown in Drawing

4E3D5. Striking plates should be provided beneath the other gauge
hatches.
4.10
4.11
4.9.8
On bottom suction tanks, an extra gauge hatch should be provided over

the sump, and a datum plate should be provided in the sump. If the
sump is near the tank shell, the datum plate may be attached to the
shell.
4.9.9
A weather resistant nameplate with the notation "Tank Number ___

Reference Gauge Height is ___ Feet ___-_/8 Inches" shall be
permanently attached at the gauger's platform (e.g., on the gauger's
platform handrail or gauge hatch). The reference gauge height which
appears on this nameplate is defined as the distance between the datum
plate or tank bottom and the manual gauge reference point (tape gauge
marker on gauge hatch) and is determined during the field
measurement phase of tank calibration. The reference gauge height is
verified as part of all manual gauging operations.
Liquid Level Gauge And Float Well

4.10.1
A ground level reading, vapor tight, automatic liquid level gauge

should be installed on all tanks. Drawings 4E3D6 and 4E3D7 show
typical automatic ground level reading liquid level gauge installations
for floating roof tanks and fixed roof tanks respectively.
4.10.2
The roof mounted components for this gauge should be adjacent to a

roof gauge hatch or roof manway and be accessible for maintenance.
The float assembly should be located away from any turbulenceproducing appurtenances.
4.10.3
A float well per Drawing 4E3D6 is required for the liquid level gauge
on floating roof tanks. The float well should be slotted below the
bottom of the lower roof deck plate and should have a guard across the
bottom to retain the float. The bottom of the float well should be 6
inches off the tank bottom when the floating roof is at its low leg
position.
Temperature Measurement
4.11.1
All tanks in custody transfer service, and other tanks as specified,

should have temperature measurement capabilities. The temperature
can be obtained with either a fixed position sensor or a mid-point
sensor mounted on a floating swing arm.
4.11.2
The tank design should include facilities to check the temperature

sensors during normal operations. For fixed and mid-point temperature
sensors this will require either an adjacent check thermowell or an
operator accessible gauge hatch directly over the sensor to permit the
placement of a check sensor near the operational temperature sensor.
Page 16 of 25
4 EG-3
4.11.3
4.12
4.13
4.14
Approved Apr 90
A grounding lug should be provided at the gauging platform for

grounding a portable electronic thermometer.
Vents
4.12.1
Roof vapor vents for both normal and emergency venting requirements
shall be sized by the tank manufacturer in accordance with API Std
2000, "Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks". For
unanchored tanks, the emergency vent shall be sized so as not to cause
uplifting of the tank shell due to internal pressure during venting.
4.12.2
Roof vapor vents for fixed roof tanks with internal floating roofs
should also conform to the requirements of Appendix H of API Std
650.
4.12.3
Emergency vents shall be installed on fixed roof tanks except for tanks
furnished with frangible roof-to-top angle joints installed in accordance
with API 650.
4.12.4
Flame arrestors shall not be installed on pressure/vacuum vents unless

specified by the Shell Safety Specialist.
Tank Mixers
4.13.1
Normally, side entry mixers should be installed on all active crude oil
storage tanks.
4.13.2
A dedicated manway or nozzle connection should be provided for each

mixer.
Swing Lines, Submerged Fill Lines, & Bottom Connections

4.14.1
Swing lines are required when suction is to be taken at an intermediate

or upper level of the tank contents. Floating-type swing lines are
normally preferred.
COMMENT: Most tank manufacturers have a standard floating-type
swing line design. Each manufacturer's design should be carefully
reviewed by Shell for acceptability.
4.14.2
Submerged fill lines shall be used in tanks containing hydrocarbons

with vapor pressure of 1.5 psia or greater at actual operating
conditions. The designer shall check the state air pollution regulations
of the area in which the tank is to be located for that area's definition of
"submerged fill line".
COMMENT: In some areas of California the minimum vapor pressure
which requires submerged fill lines is less than 1.5 psia.
4.14.3
Bottom suction connections should be considered where operating

conditions require the complete emptying of the tank or for maximum
Page 17 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
working volume in large tanks. Typical bottom suction sump details

are shown in Drawing 4E3D4.
4.15
Tank Heaters
4.15.1
Tank heaters are generally used with high viscosity materials in order
to maintain the storage temperature of the material so that the viscosity
is just low enough for an economical pumping operation or with
materials such as wax or water in order to maintain the storage
temperature a certain number of degrees above the freezing point.
4.15.2
Finned bayonet heaters and pipe coil heaters are used for tank heating.
The choice of type of tank heater should be reviewed with a Shell Heat
Transfer Specialist.
4.15.3
Finned bayonet heaters per Drawings 4E3D9 and 4E3D10 are

generally the preferred type of tank heater. They perform well even in
difficult services such as asphalt, residue, wax, and sulfur.
COMMENT: Bayonet heaters in Class IV equipment should be
specified with the flanged type connection (shown as alternate
installation on Drawing 4E3D10) as this design allows for removal of
the bayonet heater from the tank without having to enter the tank.
4.15.4
Pipe coil heaters are also acceptable. They are often used in services
that require small heat input. When used with a steam heat medium,
the pipe coil should be designed to drain to the outlet with no high or
low point pockets where carbon dioxide corrosion can occur.
COMMENT: Pipe coil heaters have generally been a maintenance
problem. They are hard to install without high and/or low spots which
tend to cause corrosion problems in steam service. They are difficult
to install in floating roof tanks which have many roof support legs.
They are an inconvenience in a tank when making bottom repairs or
installing coatings.
4.16
Stairways And Ladders

4.16.1
Stairways should be circumferential on fixed roof tanks and can be

either circumferential or radial on floating roof tanks.
COMMENT: API 650 permits either grating or patterned nonslip
plate to be used for stairway treads. The general specifications for
field erected tanks specify patterned nonslip plate for stairway tread
because it is generally less expensive and is easier to weld against the
tank shell when no inside stringer is used. However, consideration
should be given to specifying grating in cold weather locations subject
to snow and icing conditions.
4.16.2
Circumferential stairways on insulated tanks should have a stringer

between the stairs and the shell. An inside stringer should also be used
Page 18 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
if the Optical Reference Line Method is to be used to calibrate the

tank.
4.17
4.16.3
Vertical ladders may be used on fixed roof tanks 20 feet in height and
less. With Shell approval, vertical ladders with cages may be used on
fixed roof tanks up to 30 feet in height.
4.16.4
Floating roof ladders should be the rolling type with either fixed or
self-leveling tread, minimum 28 inches in width and with a 34 inch
high handrail.
Platforms And Handrails

4.17.1
A gauger's platform should be provided at the top of all floating roof

tanks. The platform should be located on the upwind side of the gauge
hatch and high enough to remain clear of product in case of overflow.
COMMENT: API 650 permits either grating or patterned nonslip
plate to be used for the platform floor. Either type floor is acceptable
to Shell. However, consideration should be given to specifying grating
in cold weather locations subject to snow and icing conditions.
4.17.2
A gauger's platform is not required on fixed roof tanks unless one of

the following conditions exist.
1. The roof slope exceeds 1 in 12.
2. The radius of the umbrella roof is less than 1.2 times the nominal
diameter.
3. Snow or icing conditions are expected.
4. Severe corrosion of the roof and structural members is expected.
4.18
4.17.3
Handrails shall be provided around the gauger's platform on floating

roof tanks and adjacent portions of wind girders where it is necessary
to maintain access to equipment.
4.17.4
Handrails shall be provided around the gauger's platform on fixed roof

tanks and shall extend from the stairway or ladder a distance of six feet
in each direction around the periphery.
4.17.5
Handrails shall be installed on the periphery of fixed roof tanks to

protect any normally used walkway area within 6 feet of the tank edge.
Handrails shall extend at least 6 feet beyond any tank roof work area.
Foam Chambers
4.18.1
Permanently attached foam systems, as shown in Table 2, are required

on cone roof tanks where normal storage temperature is above the flash
point of the contained products and one of the following conditions
exist:
Page 19 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
1. Erection of portable foam towers would not be feasible because of

topography or inaccessibility due to proximity of adjacent
facilities.
2. The tank contains crude or similar low flash products with boilover characteristics.
4.18.2
With the above exceptions, fire protection for all other atmospheric
storage tanks, including floating roof tanks, will consist of portable
mechanical foam towers. Permanent foam facilities will not be
required.
4.19
Painting
4.19.1
4.20
Applicable painting specifications are normally referenced on the Tank

Data Sheets.
Internal Linings
4.20.1
Applicable internal lining specifications are normally referenced on the

Tank Data Sheets.
4.20.2
When internal linings are required, the linings are normally done by
others. However, the tank manufacturer must generally do some
grinding of the internal welds to prepare the weld surfaces for the
lining. Grinding of welds is expensive. The amount of the expense is
dependent on the degree of weld preparation required for the particular
lining system to be installed.
Because of the expense associated with weld preparation for internal
thin linings, the Shell Coating Specialist should be consulted so that
the correct weld preparation is specified. Over specification of the
weld surface preparation is not cost effective.
4.20.3
In order of increasing costs the weld preparation for butt welds are as
follows:
1. Grind smooth.
2. Grind smooth and blend (normally the minimum requirement for
thin linings).
3. Grind flush with imperfections remaining.
4. Grind flush with imperfections removed.
4.20.4
In order of increasing costs the weld preparation for fillet welds are as
follows:
1. Top edge rounded, rough projections removed (often may have
sharp corner at toe of fillet weld).
Page 20 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
2. Edges rounded and blended, imperfections and ripples remain

(normally the minimum requirement for thin linings).
3. Edges rounded and blended with imperfections and ripples
removed
Page 21 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
Table 1 - Tank Connections and Appurtenances

This table provides a checklist from which connections and appurtenances may be selected for a tank, as
well as a guide to the minimum requirements for each item as specified, all subject to the conditions
outlined in the applicable paragraphs of 4 EG-3.
TANK
TANK
MIN.
MIN.
DESCRIPTION
DIAMETER
HEIGHT
NO.
SIZE
LOCATION
REFERENCE
Inlet nozzle
All
All
1
2"
To suit
4.3.1. to 4.3.4.
Outlet nozzle
All
All
2"
To suit
4.3.1. to 4.3.4.
Thermowell
Connection
All
All
1"
To suit
4.4.1. to 4.4.3.
Water draw off
All
All
2"
To suit
4.5.
20' and under
All
24"
Center of roof
4.2.1.& 5.4.3.
Over 20' to 60'
All
24"
Over water drawoff
4.2.1. to 4.2.2.
Fixed roof
manhole
Over 60' to
120'
All
24"
1 over water
drawoff1 opposite
4.2.1. to 4.2.2.
Fixed roof
manhole
Over 120'
All
24"
1 over water
drawoff 3 equally
spaced
4.2.1. to 4.2.2.
Floating roof
manhole
To 60'
All
30"
Near center of roof
4.2.1. to 4.2.2.
Floating roof
manhole
Over 60' to
120'
All
30"
1 near center of
roof, 1 to suit
4.2.1. to 4.2.2.
Floating roof
manhole
Over 120'
All
30"
1 near center of
roof 3 equally
spaced
4.2.1. to 4.2.2.
Shell manhole
20' and under
All
24"
To suit
4.2.1. to 4.2.2.
Shell manhole
Over 20' to 60'
All
24"
Opposite water
drawoff
4.2.1 to 4.2.2
Shell manhole
Over 60' to
120'
All
24"
1 opposite water
drawoff 1 to suit
4.2.1. to 4.2.2.
Shell manhole
Over 120'
All
24"
1 opposite water
draw-off 3 equally
spaced
4.2.1. to 4.2.2.
Fixed roof
manhole
Fixed roof
manhole
Page 22 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
TANK
DIAMETER
TANK
HEIGHT
MIN.
NO.
MIN.
SIZE
Roof vents in fixed

roof tanks
20 and under
All
3"
Roof vent in fixed

roof tanks
Over 20'
All
As
Reqd
As
Reqd
Roof gauging and

sampling
All
All
Scaffold anchor
20' and under
12' and
over
Scaffold anchor
Over 20'
Vertical ladder
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION
REFERENCE
Center of roof
manhole cover
4.12.1. to
4.12.4.
10' from roof edge
4.12.1. to
4.12.4.
8"
Adjacent to
stairway hatch
4.9.1. to 4.9.9.
Use roof manway
4.8.
12' and
over
Center of roof
4.8.
All
30' and
under
To suit
4.16.3
Stairway
All
All
To suit
4.16.1. to
4.16.2.
Roof edge
guardrails
All
All
As
Reqd
As Reqd
4.17.3. to
4.17.5.
Level gauge
All
All
To suit
4.10.1. to
5.10.3.
Floating roof drain
Under
120'
All
3"
Center of roof
4.6.1. to 4.6.3.
Floating roof drain
Over 120' to
200'
All
4"
Center of roof
4.6.1. to 4.6.3.
Floating roof drain
Over 200'
All
6"
Center of roof
4.6.1. to 4.6.3
Page 23 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
Table 2 - Foam Chamber Schedule
TANK DIAMETER
OUTLET TYPE*
NUMBER OF
CHAMBERS
CHAMBER TYPE**
10'
11
MCS-9
15'
11
MCS-9
20'
11
MCS-17
25'
11
MCS-17
30'
11
MCS-17
35'
11
MCS-17
40'
11
MCS-17
45'
11
MCS-17
50'
11
MCS-33
60'
11
MCS-33
70'
MCS-33
80'
MCS-33
90'
MCS-33
100'
MCS-55
120'
MCS-33
140'
MCS-55
160'
MCS-55
180'
MCS-55
200'
MCS-55
Foam trough required for type 1 outlets.
NOTES
:
**
National Foam System model numbers are used for identification only, other
suppliers chambers are also acceptable
Page 24 of 25
4 EG-3
Approved Apr 90
Table 3 - Shell Plate Thickness Calculations
TANK TYPE:
EXTERNAL FLOATING ROOF
TANK SIZE:
90 - 6 DIA. X 48 HIGH
WIND LOAD:
100 MPH
SEISMIC ZONE:
SPECIFIED CORROSION ALLOWANCE:
1/16
PRODUCT:
CRUDE OIL WITH .9765 SG
DESIGN FOR
RENEWAL
DESIGN FOR
HYDROTEXT
DESIGN FOR PROD. SG: .9765
RING *
ALLOW.
STRESS
(PSI)
CALC.
THK.
(IN.)
CORR.
ALLOW
(IN) **
THK.
USED
(IN.)
MATL
SPEC.
.444
23,200
.466
.134
.557
***
A36
MOD
24,900
.362
23,200
.379
.063
.408
A36
24,900
.271
23,200
283
.063
.321
A36
.182
22,500
.198
20,000
.217
.068
.250
****
A283C
.100*
22,500
.098
20,000
.107
.150
.250
****
A283C
RING *
ALLOW.
STRESS
(PSI)
CALC
. THK.
(IN.)
.423
24,900
25,520
.345
25,520
.258
24,000
24,000
RING *
ALLOW.
STRESS
(PSI)
CALC.
THK.
(IN.)
25,520
*
**
***
****
MIN . RENEWAL THK

PER SHELL OIL. SPEC (.0625 MIN. SPECIFIED ON DATA SHEET)
INCREASED TO ELIMINATE ANCHOR BOLTS
API MIN
Page 25 of 25
API STANDARD 650 STORAGE TANK

DATA SHEET
4E3S1
PAGE 1 OF 3
SEP 95
BY
FILE NO
DATE
GENERAL INFORMATION (BY PURCHASER)
1.
PURCHASER/AGENT
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE
2.
USER
3.
ERECTION SITE
4.
TANK NO
5.
PUMPING RATES
6.
MAX. OPERATING TEMPERATURE
7.
PRODUCT STORED
ZIP
PHONE
NAME OF PLANT
LOCATION
NOMINAL CAPACITY
BARRELS
IN
BARRELS/HOUR
DESIGN SPECIFIC GRAVITY

F
SULFIDIC SERVICE?
YES
CORROSION ALLOWANCE
SHELL DESIGN
INCHES
BASIC STANDARD 650
11.
ROOF DESIGN
INCHES WATER
NO
SHELL
ROOF
INCHES
STRUCTURALS
INCHES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX F
DESIGN PRESSURE
10.
POUNDS/SQUARE INCH
BASIC STANDARD 650
FRANGIBLE ROOF JOINT?
YES
ROOF LOADS
UNIFORM LIVE
APPENDIX C (EXTERNAL FLOATING)
APPENDIX H (INTERNAL FLOATING)
NO
APPENDIX G (ALUMINUM DOME)

POUNDS/SQUARE FOOT
SPECIAL (PROVIDE SKETCH)

12.
EARTHQUAKE DESIGN?
AT
VAPOR PRESSURE
BOTTOM
9.
BARRELS
OUT
DESIGN METAL TEMPERATURE
NET WORKING CAPACITY
BARRELS/HOUR
YES
NO
POUNDS/SQUARE FOOT
(APPENDIX E)
ROOF TIE RODS (3.10.4.5.)?
SEISMIC ZONE (FIG. E-1)
YES
NO
ESSENTIAL FACILITIES FACTOR
ZONE COEFFICIENT (TABLE E-1)

SITE AMPLIFICATION FACTOR (TABLE E-2)
13.
WIND LOAD
VELOCITY
MILES/HOUR
PROVIDE INTERMEDIATE WINDGIRDER (3.9.7.)?
YES
NO
14.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
MAXIMUM RAINFALL
INCHES/HOUR
TOTAL SNOW ACCUMULATION
INCHES
15.
SIZE RESTRICTION
MAXIMUM DIAMETER
FEET
MAXIMUM HEIGHT
FEET
16.
FOUNDATION TYPE
17.
MEASUREMENT SYSTEM REQUIRED?
EARTH
CONCRETE RINGWALL
YES
TANK CALIBRATION METHOD:
TANK CALIBRATION BY:
OTHER
NO
CRITICAL MEASUREMENTS
OPTICAL REFERENCE LINE
OTHER
TANK MANUFACTURER
OTHER
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT

SHELL THERMOWELL(S)
MIDPOINT THERMOMETER(S)
OTHER:
18.
REMOTE TANK GAUGE MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY REQUIRED?
YES
NO
IF YES, SELECT APPLICATION (TANK OPERATIONS) (CUSTODY TRANSFER MEASUREMENT) IN ACCORDANCE WITH API
MANUAL OF PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT STANDARDS - CHAPTER 3, SECTION 18. TANK MOUNTED EQUIPMENT TO BE
BY (
TANK MANUFACTURER)
TRANSMITTER TYPE (SELECT ONE)

MANUFACTURED BY
(
SERVO
OTHERS).
FLOAT
RADAR
WITH GROUND READING GAUGE AND TRANSMITTER
COMPATIBILITY WITH CENTRAL TANK GAUGE MONITORING SYSTEM MANUFACTURED BY

AND INSTALLED BY
TANK TEMPERATURE SENSOR SHELL BE (SELECT ONE): (MULTIPLE SPOT THERMOWELLS AND SENSOR) (MULTIPOINT
TEMPERATURE PROBE) OR (OTHER:
REMARKS
).
HTG

DATA SHEET
4E3S1
PAGE 2 OF 3
SEP 95
BY
FILE NO
DATE
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS (BY MANUFACTURER AND/OR PURCHASER)
1.
MANUFACTURER
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE
ZIP
PHONE
STATE
ZIP
PHONE
SERIAL NUMBER
2.
FABRICATOR
ADDRESS
CITY
SERIAL NUMBER
3.
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION: SHELL

ROOF
BOTTOM
STRUCTURALS
4.
NUMBER OF SHELL COURSES
5.
PLATE WIDTH AND THICKNESS (INCLUDING CORROSION ALLOWANCE)
TANK BOTTOM
PLATE THICKNESS
INCHES
SLOPE
IN PER FOOT
SINGLE BOTTOM
BUTT
SEAMS
TO
FROM
CENTER
DOUBLE BOTTOM
7.
MINIMUM WIDTH & THICKNESS OF BOTTOM ANNULAR PLATES (3.5)
8.
ROOF TO SHELL DETAIL:
9.
INTERMEDIATE WINDGIRDER:
YES
NO
10.
ROOF TYPE
SUPPORTED
SELF-SUPPORTED
11.
ROOF PLATE
12.
PAINT
FIG. F- 1
TOP WINDGIRDER (USE AS WALKWAY?)
FLOATING
SLOPE OR RADIUS
SHELL -
LAP
NO
NONE
INCHES
THICKNESS
EXTERIOR?
YES
INCHES
YES
LAP
BUTT
JOINT
NO
INTERIOR?
YES
NO
NO
INTERIOR?
YES
NO
NO
INTERIOR?
YES
NO
YES
NO
INTERIOR?
YES
NO
YES
NO
SURFACE PREPARATION
BOTTOM -
UNDERSIDE?
YES
SURFACE PREPARATION
ROOF -
EXTERIOR?
YES
SURFACE PREPARATION
STRUCTURAL STEEL -
EXTERIOR?
SPECIFICATION
13.
TANK BOTTOM LINING
INTERIOR?
MATERIAL
APPLICATION SPECIFICATION
14.
INSPECTION BY
15.
WELD EXAMINATION
SHOP
FIELD
RADIOGRAPH
SUPPLEMENTARY LIQUID PENETRANT OR ULTRASONIC

16.
FILMS
17.
LEAK TESTING:
18.
MILL TEST REPORTS
PROPERTY OF
BOTTOM
ROOF
SHELL
REQUIRED?
YES
NO
PLATE
19.
PURCHASERS REFERENCE DRAWING
20.
TANK SIZE
21.
DATE OF STANDARD 650 EDITION/REVISION
REMARKS
DIAMETER
STRUCTURAL SHAPES
FEET
HEIGHT
FEET

DATA SHEET
4E3S1
PAGE 3 OF 3
SEP 95
BY
FILE NO
DATE
APPURTENANCES (BY MANUFACTURER AND/OR PURCHASER)
1. STAIRWAY STYLE
CIRCULAR
STRAIGHT
ANGLE TO HORIZONTAL
DEGREES
LADDER
2. WALKWAY
WIDTH
2A. GAUGERS PLATFORM
INCHES
YES
3. DRAWOFF SUMP:
LENGTH
NO
SHELL STANDARD
4. BOLTED DOOR SHEET
YES
5. SCAFFOLD HITCH
YES
6. INTERNAL PIPING
SWING LINE
FEET
SPECIAL
NO (APPENDIX A TANK ONLY)
RAISED
SUCTION LINE
HEATING COIL SURFACE AREA

7. ROOF DRAIN
FLUSH
NO
SQUARE FEET
HOSE
JOINTED
SIPHON
8 NUMBER AND SIZE OF SHELL MANWAYS
9 NUMBER AND SIZE OF ROOF MANWAYS
10. SHELL NOZZLES (SEE FIGURE 3-4B, 3-5, AND 3-6 AND TABLES 3-8, 3-9, AND 3-10):
FLANGED
MARK
11.
SIZE
SGL
DBL
SCREWED
SPL
ORIENTATION
HEIGHT FROM
N=0 DEGREES
BOTTOM
SERVICE
ROOF NOZZLES (INCLUDING VENTING CONNECTION) (SEE FIGURE 3-4 AND 3-15 AND TABLES 3-16 AND 3-17)
MARK
SIZE
FLANGED
SCREWED
REINF.
NOTE: SKETCH AND/OR SEPARATE SHEET MAY BE ATTACHED TO COVER SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS.
ORIENTATION
DISTANCE
N = 0 DEG.
FROM CENTER
SERVICE
4E3D1
GROUNDING CABLE FOR FLOATING ROOF TANKS
SHEET 1 OF 1
APR 90
BRAZE TO PLATE OR ANGLE IRON
PLATE OR ANGLE IRON
KC-26 SERVIT POST
DETAIL "A"
(TYPICAL)
DETAIL "A"
2/0 FLEXIBLE
CABLE APPROX.
3' LONG
ROLLING LADDER
20
'-0
"
DETAIL "A"
2/0 FLEXIBLE
CABLE APPROX.
25' LONG
ROLLING LADDER TRACK
DETAIL "A"
6"
FLOATING ROOF
MATERIAL LIST PER TANK

1. 30 LIN. FT. 2/0 FLEXIBLE WELDING CABLE
2. 4 BURNDY NO. KC-26 SERVIT POST WITH NUT
4E3D2
WATER DRAWOFF FOR STORAGE TANKS
SHEET 1 OF 1
APR 90
3,000 LBS F.S.

HALF COUPLING
SCH. 80 PIPE-SIZED AS REQUIRED

1'-6"
SCD ELL.
THIS CORNER TO
BE ABSOLUTELY
SMOOTH ALL
ROUND.
150 LBS.
FLANGE
1'-3"
5/16"
3"
9"
5/16"
2'-0" DIA.
WATER DRAW OFF LINE
2'-01/2" DIA. CUTOUT

2'-7" DIA.
6"
6"
2'-0"
MAX.
WATER DRAW VALVE

THIS VALVE WILL BE NORMALLY CLOSED.
EQUALIZING VALVE FOR COLD CLIMATE ONLY

1" GATE VALVE PERMITS DRAINING BACK INTO TANK OF ANY WATER
WHICH MAY REMAIN IN WATER DRAW LINE. THIS VALVE SHOULD BE
TAGGED: "KEEP THIS VALVE OPEN-CLOSE ONLY WHEN
DRAWING WATER. IMMEDIATELY REOPEN."
THIS IS A SAFEGUARD AGAINST FREEZING.
NOT REQUIRED IN NON-FREEZING CLIMATES.
NOTE"
SHADDED PORTION TO BE FURNISHED
AND INSTALLED BY TANK
FABRICATOR.
4E3D3
DESIGN OF GAUGE HATCH SEAL PIPE FOR
GAS BLANKETED FIXED ROOF TANKS
SHEET 1 OF 1
APR 90
ON GAS BLANKETED FIXED ROOF STORAGE TANKS, "SEAL PIPES" ARE USED
TO PREVENT ESCAPE OF GAS WHEN THE GAUGE HATCH IS OPENED. THE PIPE
EXTENDS FROM THE GAUGE HATCH TO A POINT NEAR THE BOTTOM
AND FORMS A LIQUID SEAL.
FOR ACCURATE GAUGE READINGS, THE SEAL PIPE SHOULD TERMINATE

AT LEAST TWO INCHES ABOVE THE HIGHEST WATER LEVEL ANTICIPATED
AND A MANOMETER IS INSTALLED AT GAUGE HATCH LOCATION TO
MONITOR TANK PRESSURE DURING GAUGING FOR
CORRECTION OF LEVEL READING.
MANOMETER
A
GAUGE HATCH
X
PRESSURE
8" MIN.
1'-0"
1'-0"
3 3/4" DIA
HOLES
1'-0"
6"
DATUM PLATE
6"
INTERNAL GAUGE
SEAL PIPE (8")
DETAIL "A"
SEE
DETAIL "A"
SHELL
45
2" MIN.
ANTICIPATED HIGH
WATER LEVEL
WELD
RAD.
GAS BLANKETED TANK
CENTER LINE
WELD
NOTE:
THE 1 FOOT SPACING FROM OPEN GAUGE
PIPE TO TANK BOTTOM IS CONSIDERED

TO BE STANDARD AND ALLOWS FOR A
MAXIMUM WATER BOTTOM OF 10 INCHES.
1/4"X3"X3"
SECTION A-A
4E3D4
TYPICAL BOTTOM SUCTION SUMP DESIGN
SHEET 1 OF 1
APR 90
INSIDE TANK SHELL

(BOTTOM TO SLOPE INTO SUMP.
IN THIS AREA SUMP TO BE LEVEL)
TANK BOTTOM
1'-6"
6'-2 1/8"
7'-8"DIAM. CUTOUT IN TANK

2'-0"
8'-0"
C
L
SUMP
3 1/2"
3'-0 3/4"
36" R.F.S.O. FLANGE

150# (API 605)
3/8" PLT.
1/2" PLT.
1/2" PLT.
5'-0"
SHIP FLANGES SEPARATE, BL. FLG.
FOR HYDROSTATIC PURPOSES ONLY
12
12
1/2" PLT.
3/8" PLT.
BOLT HOLES TO STRADDLE
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
CENTERLINES.
8'-0" INSIDE DIA.
TABLE 1
NOTES:
NOZZLE
DIAMETER
1. SUMP SHOWN IS FOR 36" DIA. NOZZLE. SUMP
DIMENSIONS FOR OTHER NOZZLE SIZES
ARE SHOWN IN TABLE 1.
2. STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF SUMP IS THE
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE TANK
CONTRACTOR.
SUMP
DIAMETER
SUMP
HEIGHT
24"
5'-0"
4'-0"
30"
6'-0"
4'-6"
36"
8'-0"
5'-0"
42"
8'-0"
5'-6"
48"
10'-0"
6'-0"
TYPICAL INSALLATION
SLOTTED GAUGE PIPE WITH FLOAT SEAL
4E3D5
GAUGE HATCH
THIS DRAWING IS ALSO DESIGNATED BY

NUMBERS 4G31D5 AND 4G32D5
GAUGER'S
PLATFORM
TANK SHELL
6"
1/4" X 3" X 3"

8" PIPE
8" - 150# F. F. S. O. FLANGE

WELD
SUPPORT POLE FROM
PLATFORM AS REQUIRED
RAD.
8" SCH. 20 PIPE
45o
SECTION "B - B"

--------------------------N. T. S.
6"
TANK SHELL
1" X 12" SLOTS @ 11"

SPACING-OVERLAPPED
1/2" ON OPPOSITE (180 )
SIDES OF THE PIPE. ALL
INSIDE BURRS TO BE
GROUND AFTER CUTTING.
1/4" X 3" X 3"
MAXIMUM FILL LEVEL
FLOAT SEAL
(SEE DRAWING 4E3D8)
NOT TO EXCEED 3' - 0"
1/2"
11"
1/2"
12"
6"
4"
DATUM
PLATE
6"
12"
ELEVATION
-----------------N.T.S.
07/89
TYPICAL AUTOMATIC GAUGE

ON FLOATING ROOF TANK
4E3D6
TOP OF TANK
1-1/2" PIPE
GAS TIGHT
ELBOWS
"Y" CLEVIS 1/8" CLEAR
ON EACH SIDE AND 2"
CLEAR ON BOTTOM
o
45
BRACE
RISER MUST
BE PLUMB
1/16" DIA. 18-8 STAINLESS

STEEL CABLE
TO BE
SPECIFIED
8"
18-8 S. S. PERFORATED TAPE

NOTE: "U" BOLTS AROUND
RISER ARE TO BE LOOSE AND
ACT AS GUIDE ONLY
TRANSMITTER
FOR REMOTE
READING
SLOT WALL OF
FLOAT WELL BELOW
BOTTOM OF ROOF
WITH 1" WIDE
SLOTS
BOTTOM TO HAVE GUARD

ACROSS IT TO RETAIN FLOAT
BUT ALLOW B.S. & W. TO FLUSH
OUT OF WELL.
FRONT
CONDENSATE RESERVOIR
3" X 1" X 8" LARGE SWAGE
NIPPLE, CAP AND DRAIN
VALVE
APPROX. 5'
GAUGE
CONVENIENT EYE LEVEL
TOP OF
FLOATING
ROOF
ELECTRICAL CONDUIT
SIDE
NOTE: GAUGE TO HAVE GAS TIGHT HEAD,
SIGHT GLASS CHAMBER SEALED AGAINST
TANK VAPORS.
10/95
4E3D7
TYPICAL AUTOMATIC GAUGE
ON CONE ROOF TANK
SHEET 1 OF 1
JUL 89
1"
8 2
HOLE FOR
COUPLING
1"
8 2
7/8" HOLES
FOR SPRING
RODS
SHIELDED SYNTHETIC RUBBER

EXPANSION JOINT
1 1" PIPE
2
LAYOUT IN TANK ROOF
GAS TIGHT
ELBOWS
RISER MUST
BE PLUMB
1/2"
COUPLING
16"-20"
8"
TOP
GUIDE
WIRE
ANCHOR
DETAIL
NOTE:"U" BOLTS AROUND

RISER ARE TO BE
LOOSE & ACT AS GUIDE
ONLY
TRANSMITTER FOR
REMOTE READING
TAPE
CONNECTION
FLOAT
5' APPROX.
CONDENSATE RESERVOIR
3"X 1"X 8" LG. SWAGE

NIPPLE, CAP & DRAIN
COCK
GUIDE
WIRES
CONVENIENT EYE LEVEL
GAUGE
FLOAT
GUIDE
DETAIL
GUIDE WIRE ANCHOR

WT. RESTING ON
BOTTOM.
ELECTRICAL CONDUIT
SIDE
FRONT
NOTE:
GAUGE TO HAVE GAS TIGHT
HEAD, SIGHT GLASS SEALED
AGAINST TANK VAPORS.
4E3D8
FLOAT SEAL FOR 8" SLOTTED GAUGE PIPE
SHEET 1 OF 1
JUL 89
HINGE - 1-1/2" X 1-1/2" 304-2B

(McMASTERS CAT# 1624 ALL)
1-1/2" X 1/4" S.S. FLAT BAR
6-1/2" O.D. VITON RUBBERIZED FABRIC DISK
1-1/8"
RING BOLT
1/2" HOLE FOR CHAIN ATTACHMENT
10 GA, 5-1/2" O.D. 304 SS DISK
TOP VIEW
1/2" HOLE FOR BRASS

CHAIN ATTACHMENT
1/4" X 1-1/2" OD SS
EYE BOLT (IN CASE
CHAIN BREAKS)
O.D. 4" PIPE
7-1/4"
10 GA. X 5-1/2" OD
304 SS DISK
1/4"
6"
6-1/2" OD VITON
RUBBERIZED FABRIC DISK
1-1/2" X 1/4" SS
FLAT BAR
HINGE
18 GA. X 2" 304

SS DISK
4-1/2"
1/8"
1/4" NUT AND WASHER
(LOOSE)
9"
VITON RUBBERIZED
FABRIC SEALS
(MAY BE SLOTTED)
9" O.D. X 6" I.D.
1-1/4"
3/16" BOLTS-8 PLCS

EQUALLY SPACED
EACH FLG.- 6-1/2"
2"
1-1/4"
25"
THIN SS FLGS-7" OD
TO BOLT SEAL MAT'L
FAB. FROM 20 GAUGE
304 SS
MAT'L.: 18 GA. 304 SS

WELDED CONST.
A
SIDE VIEW
7-3/4"
SECTION A-A
4E3D9
BAYONET TANK HEATERS
SHEET 1 OF 1
APR 90
FINS-SEE NOTES 2 & 3
STEAM INLET
C
L
1
1-1/4"
2-1/2"
OUT
2"
DRILL 1"
HOLE THRU.
WALL
A
2"
9"
2 1/2"
1"
6-1/2"
1'-1-1/2"
"L"-FINNED LENGTH (SEE TABLE)
APPROX.
1'-4"
1/4"X2"X15/16" HIGH GUIDESWELD TO INTERNAL PIPE10 FT. MAX SPACING
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
4" STANDARD WEIGHT PIPE CAP
4" SCHEDULE 40 PIPE, A53 OR A106 GR. A OR B
1-1/2" SCHEDULE 40 PIPE
10
95
75
4" X 1" EXTRA STRONG SOCKOLET
15
140
110
20
190
150
25
240
185
30
285
225
40
380
300
NOTES:
1. SOCKOLET TO BE FURNISHED LOOSE AND
INSTALLED IN FIELD.
DESIGN PRESSURE
DESIGN TEMP.
TEST PRESSURE
CORROSION ALLOWANCE
- 450 PSI
- 600 DEG F
- 675 PSI
- 1/8"
APPROX. SURFACE, SQ. FT.
1-1/2" 3000# COUPLING, SOCKETWELD
60
SECTION A-A
FINNED
LENGTH
2. FINS TO BE CARBON STEEL, 3/4" HIGH, WELDED

TO PIPE.
3. STANDARD FIN THICKNESS TO BE .06" MINIMUM
48 PER FT. HEAVY DUTY FIN THICKNESS TO BE
.105" MINIMUM, 36 PER FT.
"L"-FT.
5
STANDARD
48 FINS/FT.
45
HEAVY DUTY
36 FINS/FT.
35
4E3D10
INSTALLATION DETAILS FOR

BAYONET TANK HEATERS
SHEET 1 OF 1
APR 90
STD. A.P.I. REINF. PAD
FOR 4" PIPE
1'-0"
1'X1/4"X11"LG.
HOLD-DOWN STRAP
CL
A
SLOPE (2" PER 10'-0")
1-1/2"
CL
STM.
INLET
6" SCH. 40 PIPE

(CUT IN HALF)
1" COND.
OUTLET
TYP.
11-1/2"
4"
TANK SHELL
1/4"
6" CHANNELL
@ 10.5#
1/4" PLT.
6" 150# FLG. &

SCH. 40 NOZZLE
A
1"X1/4"X11" LG. HOLD-DOWN STRAP
(TACK WELD BOTH SIDES)
1'-4"
6" SCH. 40 PIPE

(CUT IN HALF)
6" CHANNEL @ 10.5#

NOTES
6"
1/4" PLATE
6" RED. FLG.
1. FOR DETAILS OF HEATER, SEE DWG. 4E3D9.

2. CONDENSATE OUTLET TO BE INSTALLED IN FIELD.
1'-0"
SECTION A-A
3. ELEVATION IN TANK AND LOCATION OF SUPPORTS

TO BE DETERMINED FOR EACH INSTALLATION.
ALTERNATE INSTALLATION

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4 EG-3

Welded Steel Atmospheric Storage Tanks

Engineering Guides and General Specifications

2. Mechanical Design ................... 5

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API Standard 650 Storage Tank Data Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3

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This Engineering Guide is based on industry consensus standards.

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Field Erected Fixed Roof API 650 Storage Tanks

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Thin Film Lining

Static Measurement Methods - General

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Engineering Guides and General Specifications

Tank Calibration Tables

In general, tank gauging tables, in accordance with 29 EG-30 and API

Atmospheric storage tanks should be designed in accordance with API

API Tank Data Sheets, 4E3S1, (Appendix L of API 650) should be

Generally, corrosion allowances for tanks should be specified by the

Any specified corrosion allowance should be added to the tank

Engineering Guides and General Specifications

2. To the minimum nominal thickness specified for the bottom plates

The design metal temperature should be the lowest one-day mean

Tanks designed for operating temperature above 200F should be

Shop fabricated tanks should be designed in accordance with Appendix

Wind, snow, and rainfall loadings should be in accordance with ANSI

Engineering Guides and General Specifications

Appendix A tanks with a minimum joint efficiency of 0.85 are

Selection of the type of tank bottom consistent with groundwater

Tank bottom plates shall be lap welded with a 1 inch

Normally, the tank bottom should be coned-up to the center

The minimum nominal bottom plate thickness shall be 1/4

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Cathodic protection for tanks installed on sand pads (with or without

Shell plate thicknesses for tanks should be calculated in accordance