TYPICAL DESIGN CALCULATION OF RETAINING WALL

Introduction
The retaining wall is analysed as a propped cantilever supported at base and
propped at podium slab level considering earth pressure at rest
condition.
Also in Iteration 01, water pressure upto 2m is considered for the
analysis.

Stability Analysis

W 1 0.20 4.25 25
1
W 2 0.1 4.25 25
2
W 3 2.6 0.45 25
3.4
W 4 15
2

Weight in
kN
21.25

Dist to point A
in m
2.50

5.312

2.312

12.283

29.25

1.30

38.025

22.50

2.50

56.250

78.312 kN

Distance (a) at which the resultant cuts the base,

a

M
W

159.683 73.825 kN m 1.096m

78.312kN
b
2.6
1.096 0.204m
Eccentricity e a
2
2

Moment in kN-m
53.125

159.683kN m

Limiting Value of Eccentricity is

with the soil.

b 2. 6

0.433m Hence no loss of contact

6
6

Check for Overturning:

Factor of Safety

FOS

StabilizingMoment
159.683 0.9

1.947 1.2 ,
OverturningMoment
73.825

Referring to IS:456-2000 clause 20.1, the provided section is adequate from

stability point of view.

Check for Base pressure:

Pmax/min =

W 1 6e
B

Pmax =

78.312
6 0.204
1
=44.30 kN/m2
2.6
2.6

Pmin =

78.312
6 0.204
1
=15.94 kN/m2

2. 6
2.6

S B C of soil on which the retaining wall is resting is reported as 330 kN/m2.

Hence safe.

Check for Sliding:

Factor of Safety

FOS

P
78.312 0.9
FOS 0.5
0.36 < 1.4 (Referring to IS:456-2000 clause 20.2)
97.922

Hence Not Safe against Sliding. However, a beam B1/B2 is connected from
base slab of retaining wall to the podium column footing.
Refer Drawing No. CIVIL-AID/MARATT/ST-03(Sheet 2 of 2).

Design of Base slab:

Weight in
kN

Dist to face of
stem in m

Moment in kN-m

19.21 2.3

44.18

1.15

-50.81

1
2.3 25.09
2

28.85

1.53

-44.14

25.875

1.15

29.76
M -65.19 kN-m

Upward Load

Down ward Load

0.45 2.3 25

Maximum Bending Moment Mmax = 65.19 kN-m

Mu
65.19 1.5 10 6

=0.58 N/mm2
bd 2
1000 (410) 2

from table 3 of SP:1980, Pt = 0.14% (minimum reinforcement)

Area of steel required per m is Ast = 574 mm2

Provide 12mm dia at 160mm c/c spacing.

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Iteration 02 Analysis Considering Surcharge on the earth side,

Stability Analysis
W 1 0.20 4.25 25
1
W 2 0.1 4.25 25
2
W 3 2.6 0.45 25
3.4
W 4 15
2

Weight in
kN
21.25

Dist to point A
in m
2.50

5.312

2.312

12.283

29.25

1.30

38.025

22.50

2.50

56.250

78.312kN

Distance (a) at which the resultant cuts the base,

a

M
W

159.683 89.784 kN m 0.892m

Eccentricity e

78.312kN

b
2.6
a
0.892 0.407 m
2
2

Moment in kN-m
53.125

159.683kN m

b 2. 6

0.433m Hence no loss of contact

6
6

Limiting Value of Eccentricity is

with the soil.

Check for Overturning:

Factor of Safety

FOS

Stabilizin gMoment
159.683 0.9

1.6 1.2 ,
OverturningMoment
89.784

Referring to IS:456-2000 clause 20.1, the provided section is adequate from

stability point of view.

Check for Base pressure:

Pmax/min =

W 1 6e
B

Pmax =

78.312
6 0.407
1
= 58.41 kN/m2

2.6
2.6

Pmin =

78.312
6 0.407
1

2.6
2.6

=1.83 kN/m2

S B C of soil on which the retaining wall is resting is reported as 330 kN/m2.

Hence safe.

Check for Sliding:

Factor of Safety
FOS 0.5

FOS

W
P

78.312 0.9
0.319 1.4
110 .36

Referring to IS:456-2000 clause 20.2

Hence Not Safe against Sliding. However, a beam B1/B2 is connected from
base slab of retaining wall to the podium column footing.
Refer Drawing No. CIVIL-AID/MARATT/ST-03(Sheet 2 of 2).

Design of Base slab:

Upward Load
8.35 2.3
1
2.3 50.06
2

Weight in
kN

Dist to face of
stem in m

Moment in kN-m

19.205

1.15

-22.09

57.57

1.53

-88.08

Down ward Load

0.45 2.3 25

25.875

1.15

29.76
M -80.41 kN-m

Maximum Bending Moment Mmax = 80.41 kN-m

Mu
80.41 1.5 10 6

=0.72 N/mm2
bd 2
1000 (410) 2

from table 3 of SP16:1980, Pt = 0.172% (minimum reinforcement)

Area of steel required per m is Ast = 704.4 mm2

Provide 12mm dia at 160mm c/c spacing.

Design of Stem:

Maximum Negative Bending Moment Mmax = 73.39 kN-m (From analysis)

6

Mu
73.39 1.5 10 6

=1.52 N/mm2 , from table 3 of SP16:1980, Pt = 0.379%

bd 2
1000 (269) 2

Area of steel required per m Ast = 1020mm2

Provide 12mm dia at 100mm c/c spacing.

Maximum Positive Bending Moment Mmax = 33.30 kN-m (From analysis)
Mu
33.30 1.5 10 6

=1.03 N/mm2 , from table 3 of SP16:1980, Pt = 0.25%

bd 2
1000 ( 219.9) 2

Area of steel required per m Ast = 550mm2

Provide 10mm dia at 140mm c/c spacing.

Calculation of Crack Width as per Annex-F of IS:456-2000

280
280

10.98
3 cbc
3 8 .5
k

2( m) ( m) 2 ( m)

where

pt
=
100

0.42
4.2 10 3
100
2( 4.2 10 3 10.98) ( 4.2 10 3 10.98) 2 ( 4.2 10 3 10.98) ,

Therefore k =

0.353
Depth of Neutral Axis x k .d , x = 0.353269 = 95.406 mm

Cracked Moment of Inertia (Icr)

bd 3
m. Ast (d n) 2
3
1000 (95.406) 3

10.98 1130 (269 95.046) 2 = 0.661x109 mm4

3

I cr

I cr

Therefore Stress in steel (fst)

M
73.388 10 6 10.98 (269 95.046)
y
=211.62 N/mm2
I cr
0.661 10 9

f st

Permissible stress for HYSD Bars is 230 N/mm2 as per Table 22 of IS:456-2000
(Working stress method).

Strain in Steel at the level considered (1)

1

f st ( h x) 211.62 (300 95.046)

1.246 10 3
E s ( d x) 2 10 5 ( 269 95.046)

Average Strain in Steel at the level considered (m)

b(h x)(a x)
3.E s . Ast (d x )
1000(300 95.046)(250 95.046)
1.246 10 3
8.9 10 4
5
3 2 10 1130 ( 269 95.046)

m 1
m

Width of Crack(Wcr)
Wcr

3.a cr . m
2(a cr C min )
1
(h x)
100

a cr

Wcr

However, acr

db

(d C ) 2

12
52.83
2

(31) 2

3 52.83 8.9 10 4
2(52.83 25)
= 0.11mm < 0.2mm Hence Safe
1
(300 95.046)

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