THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN VARIOUS WATER TYPES AND IT

EFFECT TOWARD THE GROWTH OF CAPSICUM ANNUM L. IN

NUR FATIN FIRZANAH BINTI ANUAR (2014840142)

ZAIDAH NURQISTINA BINTI ROZALI (2014618026)
SUFYAN HASANI BIN REDZUAN (2014640514)
NURUL HAZIRAH BINTI A RASHID (2014695446)
RAJA MOHAMAD SHAFIQ BIN RAJA OTHMAN (2014465764)
NURUL NADIA BINTI MOHD FARID (2014805266)

DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE
FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MARA

SEPTEMBER 2016

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN VARIOUS WATER TYPES AND IT EFFECT

TOWARD THE GROWTH OF CAPSICUM ANNUM L. IN

NUR FATIN FIRZANAH BINTI ANUAR (2014840142)

ZAIDAH NURQISTINA BINTI ROZALI (2014618026)
SUFYAN HASANI BIN REDZUAN (2014640514)
NURUL HAZIRAH BINTI A RASHID (2014695446)
RAJA MOHAMAD SHAFIQ BIN RAJA OTHMAN (2014465764)
NURUL NADIA BINTI MOHD FARID (2014805266)

Mini Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Diploma
in Science in the Faculty of Applied Sciences
University Technology Mara
September 2016

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the thesis is based on our original work except for quotations and
citations which have been duly acknowledged. We also declare that it has not been previously or
concurrently submitted for any other report at Universiti Teknologi MARA or other institutions.

____________________
NUR FATIN FIRZANAH BINTI ANUAR

____________________
ZAIDAH NURQISTINA BINTI ROZALI

____________________
SUFYAN HASANI BIN REDZUAN

____________________
NURUL HAZIRAL BINTI A RASHID

____________________
RAJA MOHAMAD SHAFIQ BIN RAJA OTHMAN

____________________
NURUL NADIA BINTI MOHD FARID

This Final Year Project entitled THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN VARIOUS WATER
TYPES AND IT EFFECT TOWARD THE GROWTH OF CAPSICUM ANNUM L. IN
UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MARA TAPAH was submitted by NUR FATIN FIRZANAH

BINTI ANUAR (2014840142), ZAIDAH NURQISTINA BINTI ROZALI (2014618026),

SUFYAN HASANI BIN REDZUAN (2014640514), NURUL HAZIRAL BINTI A RASHID
(2014695446), RAJA MOHAMAD SHAFIQ BIN RAJA OTHMAN (2014465764), NURUL
NADIA BINTI MOHD FARID (2014805266), in partial fulfillment for the Diploma in Science
in the Faculty of Applied Sciences and was approved by

____________________
Supervisor,
Madam Emi norzehan Bt Mohamad Mahbob,
Faculty of Applied Sciences,
University Technology Mara Tapah.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Upon completion of this project, we would like to express our gratitude to many parties. Our
heartful thanks to our supervisor, Madam Emi for helping us with various things. Keep
correcting us on our mistakes and always there to help us. We also like to thanks the lab
assistants that have readied the equipment we needed and always answering our questions
during our lab sessions. Not to forget, our friends that has support us by sharing the knowledge
with us during our time of need.

NUR FATIN FIRZANAH BINTI ANUAR

ZAIDAH NURQISTINA BINTI ROZALI
SUFYAN HASANI BIN REDZUAN
NURUL HAZIRAL BINTI A RASHID
RAJA MOHAMAD SHAFIQ BIN RAJA OTHMAN
NURUL NADIA BINTI MOHD FARID

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

DECLARATION

APPROVAL SHEET

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
1.2 Problem Statement

10
11

1.4

Significance of study

12

1.5

Objective of study

13

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1

Diversity of Kingdom Plantae

14

2.2

Chilli Plant

16

2.2.1

16

Origin of Distribution

2.2.2 Variant Names

17
17

2.2.3

Characteristic of Chilli Plant

2.2.4

Usage and Potential

2.3 Plant Nutrition

18

19
19

2.3.1

Soil Contains a Living Complex Ecosystem

2.3.2

Plant Require Essential Elements to Complete Their Life

20

Cycle
2.4 Atomic Absorption SpectroscopY

23

CHAPTER 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1

Study Area

25

3.2

Chemicals and Instrument

25

3.3

Methods of Experimentation

27

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1

Results

40

4.2

Discussion

48

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
CURRICULUM VITAE

57

59

ABSTRACT
Water is utmost important for all living things. In this study, the effect of various components in
different types of water and its effect on Capsicum annum L has been investigated. Three chilli
plants is watered twice a day, once at morning and once in the evening, with tap water, salt water
and sugar water respectively for two weeks period. The components in the water samples also
had been identified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Furthermore, the salinity,
dissolved oxygen and pH had been assessed. During this study, various aspect such as number of
leaves, area of leaves, weight of leaves, height of plant, salinity of water sample, pH of water
sample and soil, was observed. Some variable was controlled such as type of soil, amount of
sunlight and water received by each plant. The concentration of elements present in water sample
such as ferum, cadmium, nitrogen dioxide, calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper was identified
and the effect of excessive and deficit of each element was studied. Each water samples produce
different result. Plant watered with salt water shriveled and die due to the alteration of chemical
composition resulting in nutritional imbalance. (Bevs Lim, 2011) On the other hand, plant
watered with sugar water created a situation where the water outside its cells has a higher
percentage of soluble material compare to the water inside thus reverse osmosis happened. As a
result, the plant dies.

ABSTRAK

Air adalah yang terpenting untuk semua hidupan. Dalam kajian ini, kesan pelbagai komponen
dalam pelbagai jenis air yang berbeza dan kesannya terhadap Capsicum annum L telah dikaji.
Tiga pokok cili disiram dua kali sehari, sekali di waktu pagi and sekali di waktu petang, dengan
air paip, air garam dan air gula selama dua minggu. Komponen dalam sampel air telah
dikenalpasti menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Tambahan lagi, salinitas,
oksigen terlarut dan pH telah dinilai. Sepanjang kajian ini, pelbagai aspek seperti jumlah daun,
keluasan daun, berat daun, tinggi pokok, salinitas sampel air, pH sampel air dan tanah, telah
diperhatikan. Sesetengah pemboleh ubah telah dikawal seperti jenis tanah, jumlah cahaya dan air
yang diterima oleh setiap pokok. Kepekatan elemen yang hadir dalam sampel air seperti ferum,
cadmium, nitrogen dioxide, kalsium, magnesium, zink dan kuprum telah dikenalpasti dan kesan
akibat berlebihan dan kekurangan setiap elemen telah dikaji. Setiap sampel air menghasilkan
keputusan yang berbeza. Pokok yang disiram dengan air garam mengecut dan mati disebabkan
pemindaan komposisi kimia menghasilkan ketidakseimbangan nutrisi. (Bevs Lim, 2011)
Sebaliknya, pokok disiram dengan air gula mencipta satu situasi dimana air diluar sel-selnya
mempunyai peratus bahan larut yang lebih tinggi berbanding air di dalam lalu osmosis berbalik
telah berlaku. Menyebabkan pokok itu mati.