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10
Health
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Learners Material
Unit 1
Department of Education
Republic of the Philippines
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Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
DepEd is represented by the Filipinas Copyright Licensing Society (FILCOLS), Inc. in seeking
permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. All means have
been exhausted in seeking permission to use these materials. The publisher and authors do
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Authors and publishers may contact FILCOLS at filcols@gmail.com or (02) 4392204.
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INTRODUCTION
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This module is designed to provide and equip you with knowledge, skills, and
habits that will enable you to achieve competence in maintaining your health and
physical condition. The domain in Physical Education focuses on the importance of a
healthy lifestyle and physical activity through active recreation such as sports,
fitness, street dance and hip-hop dance, while Health Education emphasizes on the
development of the proper skills of a health-conscious consumer, lifelong
participation in health trends, issues and concerns in health care, and planning for a
health career.
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Each module follows a standard format or pattern with a short overview of the
lesson, content and performance standards, pre-assessment and instructional
activities categorized into four levels: What to Know, What to Process, What to
Understand, and What to Transfer. Every level provides activities that will allow you
to experience meaningful and varied learning. Your involvement in the different tasks
can take many forms, ranging from self-reflection and group tasks to beyond the
classroom learning activities. Like any good material, you will also be assessed and
evaluated to ensure that you will have a thorough grasp of the lesson before tackling
the next activity. Your deeper understanding of the lesson will help you gain more
relevant skills and information, preparing yourself for the challenges of the world.
As you start putting life into this module, you will discover many great
opportunities and learning experiences that will change the way you spend your time.
You need to visualize a better version of yourself and aspire to achieve a holistically
healthy you.
Come on. Lets get started!
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Table of Contents
HEALTH
Unit 1: Consumer Health .................................................................................... 197
Introduction ..................................................................................................... 198
Learning Competencies .................................................................................. 199
Pre-Assessment .............................................................................................. 199
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Summary........................................................................................................ 229
References ..................................................................................................... 230
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197
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Number of Sessions: 10
CONTENT STANDARDS
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
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I. Introduction
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III.
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Pre-Assessment
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Activity A: Identify the concepts being described in each item. Fill in the missing
letters to complete the crossword puzzle.
199
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Across:
3. Sale of products that are not scientifically proven to be effective; fraudulent
advertisement or promotion
4. Healthcare practitioner who specializes in problems of the teeth
5. Allied health professional who provides healthcare to patients in hospitals
6. Public health insurance mandated by Philippine law
Down:
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A teenager once went to the local market to buy materials for a Science
project. Upon passing by some stalls, he was invited for a free orientation on
the latest product of a company. The company was selling health rings that
can detect the mood of a person and help lower body temperature and blood
pressure. The teenager was easily attracted, which made him buy two health
rings for himself and his sister. He spent Php 600 for the items.
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After a week, the teenager and his sister developed red spots and
rashes on their fingers. Upon checking, the rings are observed to have rust
around them. The teenager wants to file a complaint so the company may
return his money.
1. What is the nature of the teenagers problem?
________________________________________________________________
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No. of Sessions: 4
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Health information is any concept, step, or advice that various sources give
to aid the health status of an individual. The type of information varies depending
on diseases, sexual health, weight loss/gain, drugs and alcohol, depression/mental
illness, violence, smoking, eating disorders, acne/skin care, local clinics, and sexual
assault (Payne, et al., 2005). The information is critical as it may alter the health
conditions of a person. Another important characteristic of health information is that
it is continuously and rapidly changing. Thus, it should be timely, relevant, culturally
appropriate, accessible, and delivered in a relevant format (Galvez Tan, et al., 2009).
There is a great need to update oneself regarding current research and evidence
available in the field.
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Activity 3: STOP OR GO
Read the health information below. Draw a cross on the GO column if it is
scientifically true and proven, and draw a cross on the STOP column if it is not.
GO
STOP
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Aside from health information, people also consume health products. Health
products are food, drugs, cosmetics, devices, biologicals, vaccines, in-vitro diagnostic
reagents, and household/urban hazardous substances and/or a combination of and/or
a derivative thereof (FDA Act, 2009). These products may be purchased from various
places like supermarkets, pharmacies, and hospitals.
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Health
Products
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Unreliable
Reliable
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People acquire health information and products from various sources like
people, media, and technology. It is important to identify the reliability of these sources.
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Reliable sources of health information and products are licensed professionals
who took up specialized and intensive studies in the field. They are the ones who
have the qualified educational background and can give scientific explanation to
validate information. We can also find reliable health information from health books,
and accredited online sources. On the other hand, unreliable sources of information
and products are those from people who are not experts in this field.
Aside from health information and products, people also avail of various health
services from different providers.
Health services are often connected to healthcare. These programs aim to
appraise the health conditions of individuals through screening and examinations,
cure and treat disorders, prevent and control the spread of diseases, provide safety,
emergency care, and first aid, and ensure a follow-up program for individuals who
have undergone treatments.
Health services are usually offered by healthcare providers. A healthcare
provider is a trained professional who provides people with healthcare (Meeks, et al.,
2011). There are different types of healthcare providers, such as:
I. Health Professionals
Individuals who are licensed to practice medicine and other allied health
programs. An example of a health professional is a physician. A physician records
the medical history of individuals, provides diagnoses, performs medical examinations,
and prescribes medications. There are different types of physicians based on their
area of specialization.
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What are the other medical specializations that you know? List them and their areas
of expertise below.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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DO YOU KNOW?
Healthcare practitioners and allied health professionals are also considered
health care providers.
A healthcare practitioner is an independent healthcare provider who is
licensed to practice on a specific area of the body (Meeks, et al., 2011). Some
examples of healthcare practitioners are podiatrists (who specialize in the problems
of the feet), dentists, and optometrists.
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On the other hand, an allied health professional is a trained healthcare
provider who practices under the supervision of a physician or healthcare practitioner
(Meeks, et al., 2011). Nurses, dieticians, pharmacists, and physical therapists are
examples of allied health professionals.
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a. Hospital
It is an institution where people undergo medical diagnosis,
care and treatment. A hospital offers different types of medical care
like inpatient and outpatient care. Inpatient care refers to care given
to individuals who need to stay inside the hospital to receive proper
treatment, monitoring and care. On the other hand, outpatient care
refers to treatment that does not require an individual to stay inside the
hospital.
206
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Health
Facilities
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Types
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It offers various types of coverage: medical insurance, major medical insurance,
hospitalization insurance, surgical insurance, and disability insurance (Meeks, et al.,
2011). Medical insurance pays for the fees of the health professionals, laboratory
tests, and prescription drugs. Major medical insurance offers payment for long-term or
chronic diseases such as AIDS and cancer. Hospitalization insurance pays for the stay
of the patient inside the hospital. Surgical insurance pays for surgery fees. Disability
insurance provides financing for members who meet accidents or suffer from illnesses.
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Health insurance may be sourced from both public and private companies. An
example of public health insurance is PhilHealth. As mandated by law in the country,
employees of both public and private companies avail of PhilHealth. It requires a small
monthly contribution from its members. These contributions are saved and used for
the medical care needed by a PhilHealth member.
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Time To Read
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A health maintenance organization (HMO) is a healthcare provider that offers
medical services that are availed through a prepaid amount of money. It is a business
that requires a relatively reduced monthly fee for subscribers. The difference of an HMO
with other insurance companies is that it hires or trains its own health professionals
and healthcare practitioners.
Using a computer with an internet connection, identify at least two other health
insurances offered in the country. If without an Internet connection, you may inquire
from the nearest hospital/medical center.
Write a short paragraph about each health insurance and its benefits. Cite your
resources properly.
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Consumers today face an amazing array of choices when they consider taking
action to improve their health or seek care for a health problem (Donatelle, 2006).
In addition to health professionals, there are also many other forms of healthcare
that offer alternatives. These complementary and alternative healthcare modalities are
often taken because some individuals believe that traditional medical care may not be
enough to treat a particular health condition. A complementary medicine is availed and
integrated together with traditional medicine. On the other hand, alternative medicine
is offered in place of traditional medicine.
There are four major domains of complementary and alternative medicine:
biology-based practices, energy medicine, manipulative and body-based practices,
and mind-body medicine (Donatelle, 2006). Examples of biologically-based practices
are taking herbal medicine and availing of special diets and vitamins. Energy medicine
uses magnetic fields or biofields in belief that energy fields may enter various points in
the body. Manipulative and body-based practices are bodily-kinesthetic in nature and
are concerned with movement therapy. Mind-body medicine uses mental exercises in
belief that the brain is central to the health of an individual.
In our country, Republic Act No. 8423 or the Traditional and Alternative
Medicine Act of 1997 provisioned the creation of the Philippine Institute of Traditional
and Alternative Healthcare (PITAHC), which works closely with the Department of
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Health. The PITAHC is also the law-making body with regards to the effective use
of traditional and alternative medicine. Here are examples of the PITAHC-approved
alternative modalities
Naturopathy
Naturopathic medicine views diseases as a manifestation of an alteration in
the processes by which the body naturally heals itself (Donatelle, 2006). Naturopathy
offers a wide range of natural practices including herbal medicine acupuncture,
acupressure, nutritional therapy, and ventosa cupping massage therapy.
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Herbal medicine
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There are 10 herbs that are proven and tested to have medicinal value and
approved by the Department of Health (Galvez Tan, et al., 2009)
A
Herb
B
Medicinal value
2. P A M A L A Y A
3. W A G N A B
4. S A Y A B A B
5. G U D N A L I
6. Y I N O G A I N Y O G N
7. B A S M N G O
8. A S A T N G B A T U G
For mouthwash
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1. P L A U K A O C
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3. Reflexology
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4. Acupressure
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5. Nutrition Therapy
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Healthcare Plans
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Health Facilities
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Health
Professionals
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Barangay _______________
How effective and efficient are your communitys healthcare professionals and
facilities?
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Health Products
Examples:
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Health Information
Reliable Sources
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Consumers
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Health Services
Health
Professionals
Examples:
Health Facilities
Examples:
Health Insurance
Examples:
Complementary
and Alternative
Health Modalities
Examples:
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No. of Sessions: 1
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Reflection Questions:
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Consumers receive health information, products, and services from various
sources, thus individuals may be prone to frauds. An example of which is quackery.
Quackery, a form of a health fraud, is any advertisement, promotion, or sale
of products and services that have not been scientifically proven safe and effective
(Meeks, et al, 2011). It is being operated by a quack. A quack is an individual that has
little or no professional qualifications to practice medicine. He/She also pretentiously
uses meaningless medical jargon and relies on scare tactics, paranoid accusations,
and quick fixes.
There are three major characteristics of health quackery (Schaler & Carroll,
undated). First, it is a big business. A huge amount of money is spent on fraudulent
health products and services. Second, it multiplies and spreads fast. Lastly, it thrives
on individuals who are diagnosed with illnesses that are known to have no cure.
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Nutrition
Device
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Medical
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Psychological
Physical
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The activity below will be recorded under Process. Read the
procedures carefully and use the rubric to improve your output.
In 2-3 paragraphs, answer the
following question on a piece of paper:
As a Grade 10 student, how can
you protect your family and yourself from
quackery?
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No. of Sessions: 3
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You are faced with health information and products every day from different
people and forms of media. But to simply know the source of information and product
is reliable (or unreliable) may sometimes be not enough. It is also important to learn
how to evaluate the reliability of the health information and product.
It is important to examine and evaluate the reliability of any piece of health
information before applying it to your well-being. Here are the criteria that will help you
determine whether the information is reliable or not.
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__NT__T
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D_SC__S_R_
IN__R_CT___TY
Aside from evaluating the reliability of health information, choosing competent
and reliable healthcare providers is also important for it is crucial to the appraisal,
diagnosis, and treatment of health conditions. When visiting a healthcare provider, a
person should determine satisfaction and reliability.
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Health insurance should cover standard risks of illness and injury for family
members. (Meeks, et al., 2011). There are two types of expenses involved in health
insurance: covered expense and exclusion. Covered expense refers to the coverage
of medical services that can be paid by the company issuing the health insurance. On
the other hand, exclusions are specific services that are not paid by the issuer.
Forms of health insurance are not all the same. It is important to study the
plan before availing it. Here are some actions that may be taken to evaluate a health
insurance (Meeks, et al., 2011):
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1.
2.
3.
4.
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Cons
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Pros
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The Consumer Act of the Philippines is a law that protects the interest of
the consumer, promotes general welfare, and establishes standards of conduct for
business and industry. There are 8 basic rights of a consumer according to the act
(Galvez Tan, et al., 2009).
Identify the 8 basic rights of a consumer:
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Aside from the Consumer Act of 2009, there are also other international and
national consumer advocacy groups that advocate for our health.
Reflection Questions:
Write a short reflection on a piece of paper. Include the importance of practicing
your consumer rights.
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What are other government agencies where we can report fraudulent health
services?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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How do you write a letter of complaint for the purchase of a fraudulent product?
Read the letter.
Your Turn!
Construct a letter of complaint for the purchase of a product that is already
expired. Follow the format above.
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No. of Sessions: 1
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Topic
Wise and intelligent consumers
Consumer protection
Health services
Combatting quackery
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Product
Song / Poem / Commercial Jingle
Artwork / Poster
Brochure
Video
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SUMMARY
Complete the paragraph by writing the correct answers on the blanks.
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Consumer health encompasses the health information, products, and services
being gathered, acquired, and availed by an individual. _____________________
refers to any concept, idea, data, or figures that may aid to the health status of an
individual. __________________ refer to materials, devices, or items that an individual
purchases to improve health. Examples of these are shampoo, medicine, health
electronics, and food. On the other hand, ___________________refer to programs
offered for the health appraisal of an individual through various treatment, screening,
and examinations. Some examples of these are health professionals, facilities, and
insurance.
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When availing of health information, products, and services, it is important
to examine and evaluate the reliability of the sources to avoid quackery. Quackery
refers to fraudulent promotion, sales, or advertisement of various products. There
are three kinds of quackery. The first is __________________ which refers to the
prescription of scientifically unproven medical treatment and cure. The second is
____________________ which refers to the sale of items that are believed to treat
or cure an individual. The last is __________________ which includes fad diets and
other practices.
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Under the law, the consumers are protected with rights such as _________,
________________, ________________, and _________________. With these
rights, a consumer may be able to report incidences of fraudulent practices and
purchases.
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References
Donatelle, R. (2006). Access to Health. (9th ed.). San Francisco: Pearson
Education, Inc.
Galvez-Tan, J. Z., et al. (2009). The Health Curriculum in Philippine Basic
Education. (Volume 2: A resource book on Health for teachers).
Pasay: UNESCO, National Commission of the Philippines.
Haag, J. (1976). Consumer Health: products and services. Great Britain:
Henry Kimpton Publishers.
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Jones, K., Shainberg, L., & Byer, C. (1975). Consumer Health. (2nd ed.). San
Francisco: Canfield Press.
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Payne, W. (2005). Understanding your health. (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.
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Schaller & Carroll. (1979). Health, Quackery & the Consumer. W.B. Sanders
Company.
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