BHEA_JKA/CR01-08

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

COURSE INFORMATION
Confidential
Code
Course
Level
Credit Unit
Contact Hour
Part
Course Status
Prerequisite
Course Outcomes

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BIO 560
Animal Physiology
Degree
4
Lecture (3hrs/week); Practical (3 hrs/week)
4
Core
BIO 411
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Define physiology and state, write and explain its
concepts. (LO1C1)(LO2P2)
2. Define homeostasis and explain its importance to
organisms. (LO1C2)(LO2P3)
3. Describe and discuss the mechanisms of cellular and
organ functions. (LO1C3)(LO2P4)
4. Compare and discuss the maintenance of homeostasis
in different animals, in different environmental conditions.
(LO1C4)
5. Demonstrate a working knowledge of physiological
terminologies. (LO3C4)
6.

Course Description

Syllabus Content

1.0

This is an introductory subject in physiology that examines the

integrated function of tissues, organs, and organ systems
from a molecular, cellular, and organismal perspective.
Students will also discuss the adaptations by different
organisms for survival and maintenance of homeostasis in a
variety of environments especially in extreme environmental
conditions.
An Introduction to Physiological Principles
1.1 Physiology: Past and Present
1.2 Biological Level of organization
1.3 Physiological Regulation
1.2.1 Overview of Homeostasis/Feedback System

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LAB 1 Fundamental Physiological Principles

2.0

Regulatory System
2.1 Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation
2.1.1 Types of Cell Signaling
2.1.2 Chemical Classes of Signalling Factors
2.1.3 Ligand-Receptor Interaction
2.1.4 Signal Transduction Pathways
2.1.5 Introduction of Endocrine System
2.1.6 Regulation of Cell Signaling
2.1.7 Regulation of Glucose Metabolism
2.1.8 The Vertebrate Stress Response
LAB 2 Insulin Regulation of Blood Glucose
2.2

3.0

The Neurons: Structure and Function

2.2.1 Organization of The Nervous System
2.2.2 Anatomy of A Neuron
2.2.2.1 Dendrites, Cell Body and Axon
2.2.2.2 Myelin sheath
2.2.3 Membrane potential
2.2.3.1 Graded Potential
2.2.3.2 Action Potential

Maintenance of Body Systems

3.1 Temperature Regulation
3.1.1 Heat Exchange
3.2.2 Thermal Strategies
3.2.3 Thermal Zone
3.2.4 Coping With A Changing Body Temperature
3.2.5 Thermogenesis
3.2.6 Regulating Body Temperature
3.2 Electrolyte and Acid-Base Homeostasis
3.2.1 Composition of Body Fluids
3.2.2 Electrolytes Balance
3.2.2.1 Electrolytes in Body Fluids
3.2.2.2 Regulation of Sodium and
Potassium
3.2.3 Acid-Base balance
3.2.3.1 pH of body fluids
3.2.3.2 Regulation of pH
3.2.3.3 pH imbalances
3.3 Osmoregulation
3.3.1 Strategies for Osmotic Regulation
3.3.2 The Role of Epithelial Tissues
3.3.3 Nitrogenous Wastes
3.3.4 Excretory System
LAB 3 Movement through membranes
3.4

The Kidney

BHEA_JKA/CR01-08

3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6

The Nephron
Urine Production
Countercurrent Multiplier
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Regulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate
Regulation of Urinary Function

LAB 4 Renal physiology

3.5

The Circulatory Systems

3.5.1 Types of Circulation
3.5.2 Component of Circulatory System
3.5.3 Heart
3.5.3.1 Cardiac Cycle
3.5.3.2 Control of Contraction
3.5.4 Blood Vessels and Haemodynamics
3.5.5 Blood
3.5.5.1 Blood Clotting
3.5.5.2 Capillary Exchange
3.5.6 Cardiovascular Disease
LAB 5 Blood Physiology I: Erythrocytes Functions
LAB 6 Blood Physiology II: Leukocytes, Blood Types,
Haemostasis.

3.7

The Respiratory System

3.7.1 Mechanism of Pulmonary Ventilation
3.7.2 Gas Exchange in The Lungs And Tissues
3.7.3 Gas Transport in Blood
3.7.3.1 Transport of Oxygen
3.7.3.2 Carbon Dioxide Transport
3.7.4 Regulation of Respiration
3.7.4.1 The Respiratory Center
3.7.4.2 Nervous Control of Ventilation
LAB 7 Respiratory Function

3.8

The Digestive System

3.8.1 Stage of Food Proceesing
3.8.2 Digestive Compartments
3.8.3 Human Digestive System
3.8.4 Regulation of Digestion
3.8.5 Digestion of Carbohydrate, Protein, Nucleic Acid
and Fat
LAB 8 Digestion

4.0

Principles of Support and Movement

4.1 Functions of Muscles

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4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5

Teaching Methodology
Assessment

Recommended Text
(if any)
References

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i.
ii.

Types of Muscle tissue

Structure of skeletal Muscle
Sliding Filament Theory
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Contraction

Lecture-discussion
Scientific investigation via laboratory activities

Course Work:
Cognitive
3 tests
30%
3 quizzes 10%
Practical Skills
Lab reports 10%
Final exam

50%
40%

10%
50%

Moyes, D.M. and Schulte, P.M. (2008). Principles of Animal

Physiology, Second Edition. Pearson: Benjamin Cummings
Sherwood, L. (2010). Human Physiology: From Cells to
System, Seventh Edition. Canada: Brooks/Cole Cengage
Learning.
Martini, F.H. (2006). Fundamentals of Anatomy and
Physiology. California: Benjamin Cummings.
Prosser, C.L. (1991). Comparative Animal Physiology.
Fourth Edition. New York: John Wiley.
Sherwood, L., Klandorf, H. and Yancey, P.H. (2005). Animal
Physiology: From Genes to Organisms. Thomson
Publications.
Tate, P. (2009). Seeleys Principles of Anatomy and
Physiology. McGraw-Hill.
Tortora, G.J. and Derrickson, B. (2006). Principles of
Anatomy and Physiology. Eleventh Edition. John Wiley.
Withers, P.J. (1992). Comparative Animal Physiology.
Thomson Publications.

BHEA_JKA/CR01-08

COURSE OUTCOMES

COURSE CODE

BIO 560

CENTRE OF
STUDY

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

COURSE NAME

ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

PREPARED BY

ASSOC .PROF. DR. HARITA HASHIM

CREDIT HOURS

DATE

29th MAY 2008

LEARNING OUTCOMES
COURSE OUTCOMES

1. Define physiology and

state, write and explain
its concepts.

PO
3

PO
4

PO
5

PO
6

PO
7

PO
8

PO
9

INSTRUCTIONAL
METHODS
PO
10

PO
1

PO
2

PO
11

Lecturediscussion
Discussion
Labs

Formative
Test
Quiz
Lab report
Final Exam

Lecturediscussion
Labs

Formative
Test
Quiz
Lab report
Final Exam

(LO1C1)(LO2P2)

2. Define homeostasis
and explain its
importance to
organisms. (LO1C2)
(LO2P3)

Nama Fakulti:
Nama Program:

ASSESSMENT

Fakulti Sains Gunaan

Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sains (Kepujian) Biologi

Tahun mula: 2003

Tahun semakan:
2006,2009

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

1

BHEA_JKA/CR01-08

LEARNING OUTCOMES
COURSE OUTCOMES

3. Describe and discuss

the mechanisms of
cellular
and
organ
functions.
(LO1C3)
(LO2P4)

4. Compare and discuss

the maintenance of
homeostasis in
different animals, in
different environmental
conditions. (LO1C4)

PO
1

PO
2

PO
3

PO
4

PO
5

PO
6

PO
7

PO
8

PO
9

INSTRUCTIONAL
METHODS
PO
10

PO
11

5. Demonstrate a working
knowledge of
physiological
terminologies. (LO3C4)

MOHE LEARNING OUTCOMES

LO1 Knowledge in specific area-content
Nama Fakulti:
Nama Program:

Fakulti Sains Gunaan

Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sains (Kepujian) Biologi

Tahun mula: 2003

Tahun semakan:
2006,2009

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

2

ASSESSMENT

Lecturediscussion
Labs

Test
Quiz
Lab report
Final Exam

Lecturediscussion

Formative
Test
Quiz
Final Exam

Lecturediscussion

Test
Quiz
Final Exam

BHEA_JKA/CR01-08

LO2
LO3
LO4
LO5
LO6
LO7
LO8
LO9

Practical skills
Thinking and scientific skills
Communication skills
Social skills, teamwork and responsibilities
Values, ethics, morals and professionalism
Information, management and life-long learning
Management and Entrepreneurship
Leadership skills

Nama Fakulti:
Nama Program:

Fakulti Sains Gunaan

Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sains (Kepujian) Biologi

Tahun mula: 2003

Tahun semakan:
2006,2009

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

3