This set of 8051 Micro-controller Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)

focuses on Architecture.
1. 8051 series of micro controllers are made by which of the following
companies?
a)
Atmel
b)
Philips
c)
none
of
the
mentioned
d)
both
of
the
mentioned
View Answer
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer
3.
8051
a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer

AT89C2051

has

RAM

128
256
64
512
series

has

how

many

16

bit

of:
bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
registers?
2
3
1
0

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4. When 8051 wakes up then 0x00 is loaded to which register?
a) DPTR
b) SP
c) PC
d) PSW
View Answer

5. When the micro controller executes some arithmetic operations, then the flag
bits
of
which
register
are
affected?
a)
PSW
b)
SP
c)
DPTR
d)
PC
View Answer

6. How is the status of the carry, auxiliary carry and parity flag affected if write
instruction
MOV
A,#9C
ADD
A,#64H
a)
CY=0,AC=0,P=0
b)
CY=1,AC=1,P=0
c)
CY=0,AC=1,P=0
d)
CY=1,AC=1,P=1
View Answer
7. How are the bits of the register PSW affected if we select Bank2 of 8051?
a)
PSW.5=0
and
PSW.4=1
b)
PSW.2=0
and
PSW.3=1
c)
PSW.3=1
and
PSW.4=1
d)
PSW.3=0
and
PSW.4=1
View Answer
8. If we
a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer

push data
increases
decreases
none
both

onto

the stack
with
with
of
of

then

the
every
every

the
the

stack

pointer
push
push
mentioned
mentioned

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9.On power up, the 8051 uses which RAM locations for register R0- R7
a) 00-2F
b) 00-07
c) 00-7F
d) 00-0F
View Answer

10. How many bytes of bit addressable memory is present in 8051 based micro
controllers?
a)
8
bytes
b)
32
bytes
c)
16
bytes
d) 128 bytes

8051 Microcontroller Questions and Answers Architecture

This set of 8051 Micro-controller Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
Architecture.
1. 8051 series of micro controllers are made by which of the following companies?
a)

Atmel

b)

Philips

c)

none

of

the

mentioned

d)

both

of

the

mentioned

View Answer
Answer:
d
Explanation: Atmel series AT89C2051 and Philips family P89C51RD2 are the two most common
micro controllers of 8051 family.

2.

AT89C2051

has

RAM

of:

a)

128

bytes

b)

256

bytes

c)

64

bytes

d)

512

bytes

View Answer
Answer:
Explanation: It has 128 bytes of RAM in it.

3.

8051

series

has

how

many

16

bit

registers?

a)

b)

c)

d)

View Answer
Answer:
Explanation: It has two 16 bit registers DPTR and PC.
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4.
When
8051
wakes
up
then
0x00
is
loaded
to
which
register?
a)
DPTR
b)
SP
c)
PC
d)
PSW
View Answer
Answer:
c
Explanation: When a program wakes up, then 0x00 is loaded to the program counter register
because at this place the first op code is burnt.

5. When the micro controller executes some arithmetic operations, then the flag bits of
which

register

are

affected?

a)

PSW

b)

SP

c)

DPTR

d)

PC

View Answer
Answer:
a
Explanation: It stands for program status word. It consists of carry, auxiliary carry, overflow, parity,
register bank select bits etc which are affected during such operations.

6. How is the status of the carry, auxiliary carry and parity flag affected if write instruction
MOV

A,#9C

ADD

A,#64H

a)

CY=0,AC=0,P=0

b)

CY=1,AC=1,P=0

c)

CY=0,AC=1,P=0

d)

CY=1,AC=1,P=1

View Answer
Answer:
b
Explanation: On adding 9C and 64, a carry is generated from D3 and from the D7 bit so CY and AC
are set to 1. In the result, the number of 1s present are even so parity flag is set to zero.

7. How are the bits of the register PSW affected if we select Bank2 of 8051?
a)

PSW.5=0

and

PSW.4=1

b)

PSW.2=0

and

PSW.3=1

c)

PSW.3=1

and

PSW.4=1

d)

PSW.3=0

and

PSW.4=1

View Answer
Answer:
d
Explanation: Bits of PSW register are CY, AC, F0, RS1, RS0, OV, -, P so for selecting bank2 RS1=1
and RS0=0 which are fourth and third bit of the register respectively.

8.

If

we

push

data

onto

the

stack

then

the

stack

pointer

a)

increases

with

every

push

b)

decreases

with

every

push

c)

none

of

the

mentioned

d)

both

of

the

mentioned

View Answer
Answer:
a
Explanation: If we push elements onto the stack then the stack pointer increases with every push of
element.
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9.On power up, the 8051 uses which RAM locations for register R0- R7
a)
00-2F
b)
00-07
c)
00-7F
d)
00-0F
View Answer
Answer:
b
Explanation: On power up register bank 0 is selected which has memory address from 00H-07H.

10. How many bytes of bit addressable memory is present in 8051 based micro controllers?
a)

bytes

b)

32

bytes

c)

16

bytes

d)

128

bytes

View Answer
Answer:
Explanation: 8051 micro controllers have 16 bytes of bit addressable memory.

RF Module Interfacing without Microcontrollers

Going wireless always starts with a basic RF communication, using serial encoders and
decoders. This process and methodology is described here very aptly, doesnt matter
whether you are a newbie or not!
If you want to make an RF controlled robot, you would prefer to readthis
post first!

Going Wireless
These days, the term wireless is very much hyped! Whenever we hear the
term wireless, stuffs like Mobile telecommunication (GSM), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,RF
Communication, Wireless networks, Zigbee, I2C, SPI, DTMF, 802.11b,SimpliciTI etc etc
etc. Well, fortunately or unfortunately, all of these protocols can be interfaced with a
microcontroller in one way or the other. But what matters is the level of complexity.
To start off, for beginners, RF (Radio Frequency) Communication is the most
preferred and low cost solution. All you need is a RF Module (Transmitter-Receiver
Pair). Now, thats not all. RF Communication works on the principle of Serial
Communication. Thus, you need something which converts the conventional n-bit (4-bit,
8-bit, 16-bit, etc) data into serial data. For this, we have two choices:

Use a microcontroller to convert the n-bit data into serial data and vice-versa

Use serial encoders/decoders to do the same

Since the title of the post says that we shouldnt use microcontrollers, the only option left
for us is to use the encoder/decoder.

RF Communication Block Diagram

RF Communication Block Diagram (Click to Enlarge)

A general RF communication block diagram is shown above. Since most of the

encoders/decoders/microcontrollers are TTL compatible, most of the inputs by the user
will be given in TTL logic level. Thus, this TTL input is to be converted into serial data
input using an encoder or a microcontroller. This serial data can be directly read using
the RF Transmitter, which then performs ASK (in some cases FSK) modulation on it and
transmit the data through the antenna.
In the receiver side, the RF Receiver receives the modulated signal through the
antenna, performs all kinds of processing, filtering, demodulation, etc and gives out a
serial data. This serial data is then converted to a TTL level logic data, which is the
same data that the user has input.
So now, lets look into the hardware that are required.

RF Module
RF Modules are used wireless transfer data. This makes them most suitable for remote
control applications, as in where you need to control some machines or robots without
getting in touch with them (may be due to various reasons like safety, etc). Now
depending upon the type of application, the RF module is chosen. For short range
wireless control applications, an ASK RF Transmitter-Receiver Module of frequency 315
MHz or 433 MHz is most suitable. They are quite compact and cheap! You can buy
them from the following stores:

Robokits

Rhydolabz

Sparkfun

A typical 315MHz (or)

(courtesyEngineersGarage)

433MHz

ASK

RF

Module

RF Module

Now, lets have a look at its pinout (courtesy EngineersGarage)

looks

like

this

RF Module Pins

Pin Description:

Features:

Range in open space(Standard Conditions) : 100 Meters

RX Receiver Frequency : 433 MHz

RX Typical Sensitivity : 105 Dbm

RX Supply Current : 3.5 mA

RX IF Frequency : 1MHz

Low Power Consumption

Easy For Application

RX Operating Voltage : 5V

TX Frequency Range : 433.92 MHz

TX Supply Voltage : 3V ~ 6V

TX Out Put Power : 4 ~ 12 Dbm

This has single channel for data transfer, thus serial data communication is used.

Serial Encoder/Decoder
The most popular serial encoder/decoder used is the HT12D-HT12E pair. Their
description is given below. Its okay if you dont understand what is written there. Just
make sure you go through the pin configurations and the circuit implementation.

The HT12E Encoder ICs are series of CMOS LSIs for Remote Control system
applications. They are capable of Encoding 12 bit of information which consists of N
address bits and 12-N data bits. Each address/data input is externally trinary
programmable if bonded out.

HT12E Pin

The HT12D Decoder ICs are series of CMOS LSIs for remote control system
applications. This ICs are paired with each other. For proper operation a pair of
encoder/decoder with the same number of address and data format should be selected.
The Decoder receive the serial address and data from its corresponding encoder,
transmitted by a carrier using an RF transmission medium and gives output to the
output pins after processing the data.
Features Encoder

18 PIN DIP

Operating Voltage : 2.4V ~ 12V

Low Power and High Noise Immunity

CMOS Technology

Low Standby Current and Minimum Transmission Word

Built-in Oscillator needs only 5% Resistor

Easy Interface with and RF or an Infrared transmission medium

Minimal External Components

HT12D Pin

Features Decoder

18 PIN DIP

Operating Voltage : 2.4V ~ 12.0V

Low Power and High Noise Immunity

CMOS Technology

Low Stand by Current

Ternary address setting

Capable of Decoding 12 bits of Information

8 ~ 12 Address Pins and 0 ~ 4 Data Pins

Received Data are checked 2 times, Built in Oscillator needs only 5% resistor

VT goes high during a valid transmission

Easy Interface with an RF of IR transmission medium

Minimal External Components

Applications

Burglar Alarm, Smoke Alarm, Fire Alarm, Car Alarm, Security System

Garage Door and Car Door Controllers

Cordless telephone

Other Remote Control System

Compatibility

Compatible with RF Modules 433 MHz Link RF Modules (Tx + Rx Pair) 433 Mhz
ASK
Now lets move on to the circuit implementation part.

Circuit Implementation

There isnt much in circuit implementation. You just need to take a solderless
breadboard and make the connections and snap! You are done! :)

Transmitter Section
Make the following circuit on a breadboard. You are requested to implement the
following circuit at your own risk! We will NOT be responsible for any damages
caused due to implementation of the circuit, physically, mentally or financially.

RF Transmitter Section (Click to Enlarge)

Here, we have used four switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 to give 4-bit parallel data (D0-D3).
Since the switches are in active low state (i.e. low signal is sent when the switch is
pressed), we need to add external pull-up resistors as shown, so as to provide a high
signal by default. A resistance as high as 1Mohm is required in between OSC1 and
OSC2 pins. The Transmitter Enable (TE, pin 14) pin is an active low pin. Thus, it is
permanently grounded, so as to enable the transistor always. The output serial data
DOUT is fed to the RF Transmitter Module directly.
The most important thing lies in the address pins (A0-A7, pin1-8). Suppose you have
two wireless devices (A and B) in your house, both have different remote controls (AA
and BB) and both implement the same type of RF module (say 433 MHz). AA is the
remote control of A and BB is of B. Now, you obviously wouldnt want AA to control B
(which is the most probable case since both the devices use same kind of RF module,
having same frequency!). This is where address pins come into play. There are 8
address pins, thus giving you an opportunity to have 8! (8 factorial) different and

independent ways to connect to a device, so that there is no interference. The address

pins MUST have the same address in both transmitter and receiver, or else the
data wont be transferred. Refer to the receiver circuit for more details.

Receiver Section
Now make the following circuit on a different breadboard. As mentioned earlier, you are
requested to implement the following circuit at your own risk! We will NOT be
responsible for any damages caused due to implementation of the circuit,
physically, mentally or financially.

RF Receiver Section (Click to Enlarge)

The circuit of the receiver is also quite simple. Capacitor C1 is used between Vcc and
GND for noise filtering. Apart from that, all the address pins (A0-A7, pin 1-8) are
grounded, just as in transmitter. This is to ensure that the transmitted data is being
received. Both the transmitter and the receiver MUST have the same address pins
configuration. Pin 17 (VT) is enabled whenever the receiver receives any data. The
serial data received by the RF Receiver module is directly fed to pin 14 (DIN), which is
then converted into 4-bit parallel data (D0-D3). A 33 kohm resistor is connected in
between OSC1 and OSC2.

Antenna

Okay, so now that all the connections are made, you must choose an antenna for signal
transmission. Usually, a 20-30 cm wire serves best. It is sufficient to give a range of 80
meters in open region. To improve the efficiency, you can also use a coiled wire (take a
wire and make it into a coil). It increases the signal strength.

Result What you will get?

Once the circuit is made and powered up, the four LEDs on the receiver end will glow
by default. The LED corresponding to VT glows only when some data is received. Now
whenever you press any switch (on the transmitter end), that particular LED (on the
receiver end) goes off! Interesting, eh?! ;)

Troubleshooting
Its obvious that you wont get the result in the first go itself! Its completely normal, even
in my case! :D There will be times when you will say to yourself that its not gonna
happen. In that case, just try out the simple wired communication. Connect the DOUT of
the encoder directly to the DIN of the decoder using a wire. Then check and recheck
your connections, check whether the address is the same, whether you have missed
any Vcc or GND connection, etc. If still then a successful link is not established, change
your encoder/decoder ICs. Once your link is established, connect the RF module and
do the same. Try adjusting the antenna position, touch the antenna (touching the
antenna will make yourself an antenna!), etc. If still not successful, then all I suggest is
to google out your problem and see if somebody else has sorted it out or not.

Extending the circuit

This circuit can be easily extended to anything, depending upon your application. If you
are using it control a robot, the output data can be directly given to a motor driver.
View this article for details. If you are using it to control any external device, this data
can be fed there. In other words, whatever data you wanted to send, the same is
available at some other location, which can be manipulated very easily.

Making an RF Car
If you want to make a wireless robot and want to use RF technology to achieve that,
then you can view this interesting post by Yash on maxEmbedded and learn how he
made it.
So folks, this is all about RF module interfacing without using microcontrollers. We will
discuss the same topic once again after learning Serial Communication. So till then,
you can stay updated by grabbing RSS Feeds or subscribing to my blog! :)
Thank You

Mayank Prasad
VIT University
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237 Comments
Older Comments
1.

2.

3.

GirishRaj September 21, 2015

Hi Sir,
I am using PT2264 based 12 channel RF remote as transmitter and receiver(433 Mhz)
is connected to rx pin of 8051 mcu. i am not able to detect the signal when the remote
key is pressed a continuously some noise is present at the the receiver side.
please help me with this ..
REPLY
Lokesh October 3, 2015
Hi sir
My question Is weather its possible to communicate
1Tx of (A) unit
To
Mutiple Rx unite of
(AX) (AY) (AZ) ?
Plz reply hope my msg is clear. .
Regards
Your FAN
Lokesh
REPLY
sanjiv parikh October 11, 2015
electromagnetics converter for any data rxtx datalink and comm dongle 2g 1900 2000
2100 any frequency use for force use datalink comm the electromagnetic data
untraceble and use comm simple mobile with lanport which connect the plug any play

any pc also use interanet for more branche atm banking datatrnsfering etc set cost low
with required code decode by date change app lload
this idea to devlop future product for future highspeed data network use by large
demand i m not purchaser if ready you can e mail to force email
REPLY
4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Oscar November 17, 2015

Hallo Sir, I am very interesting with this RF Modul, can you give me some information
for the dimention and the price ofcourse complete with shipping cost.
regards,
Oscar
REPLY
ramapati November 19, 2015
Hi Max ,
Can We connect Data PIN coming from RF Receiver to more than 1 DIN of HT12D ?
With this approach , we should be able to receive packets from two separate
transmitters ( having different Address fields) on one Receiver connected to two HT12D
( having different address fields ) and each decoder will glow LED based on its
corresponding Switch being pressed on Transmitter side.
Please confirm , if my understanding is correct and it can be implemented.
Thanks..
REPLY
production November 27, 2015
Please help me with an idea,
We are using two rf controlled cars for a tournament and how can we make them
operate separately?
REPLY
Rishabh November 29, 2015
How do I transmit and receive data using a microcontroller? Lets say were using
arduino. I just want to know how the data will be fed to the 4 Data pins and how will it be
detected at the other end from parallel data in? What will be the logic, etc. Brief
overview?
REPLY
Max February 8, 2016
You dont need the 4 data pins in that case. Simply feed the serial data to the data pin of
the Tx. So the same with Rx.
REPLY

kemalmazland December 5, 2015

if i not using the antenna, are they still can receiving?
REPLY
o

9.

kemalmazland December 5, 2015

Plus can i know the dimension for receiver and transceiver?
REPLY
Max February 8, 2016
Yes, it should still receive. It is however recommended that you use an antenna for
better connectivity.
REPLY
Dhruv December 10, 2015
Why does the led goes off when switch is pressed?
I checked with a voltmeter the voltage goes off to 0!!
REPLY

Dhruv December 10, 2015

10.
Okk I got the answer. I am transferring a 0 bit by pressing a button. Right?
REPLY
VincentM December 24, 2015
11.
Hi,
Can the receiver be configured for a pulsed output I mean can the led at the receiver
end go off and come back on as soon as the transmitter stops the signal?
REPLY
o

Max February 8, 2016

Yes. It is however limited by the speed of connection.
REPLY

yuvi January 19, 2016

12.
can i access two RX by single TX?
REPLY
o

Max February 8, 2016

Give it a shot!
REPLY

LOGESHWARAN February 6, 2016

13.
Dear Max,
I Want to know Whether Audio also signal Transmit and Receive by using this device or
not
REPLY
o

Max February 8, 2016

Maybe. But the speed might be slow for audio streaming. You can transmit any data as
long as it is in serial format.
REPLY

Neory February 17, 2016

Hi Max
Ive ordered and received 5 pieces each of RF Receiver & Transmitter. Im getting very
low range even for a pair of RF RX & Tx. Now Im not able to pair them. IS there any
way, process coding etc to pair/identify exact match or RX for a perticular TX?
REPLY

narasimha February 19, 2016

14.
can i connect the output of the one receiver to the input of the other transmitter?will it
work without any distortion
REPLY
Nadin February 28, 2016
15.
Hello max. I have a 315mhz transceiver for my child safety monitoring project and
interface it with arduino. What im trying to do is when the receiver do not detect the
signal from transmitter (eg: out of range/ transmitter in off condition) then, i want to
trigger an alarm to alert the parent. So, the difficult part is to combine the triggered
buzzer code. Im newbie. Sorry if u dont understand my question. Thanks max.
REPLY
o

Max May 7, 2016

Are you using a microcontroller? If so, then it should be simple. Just connect your
receiver to your microcontroller and check for condition there. Or if youre not using a
microcontroller, then there are several trigger circuits (Google them) that you can attach
to your receiver.
REPLY

SANJOY DAS July 4, 2016

16.
Hi,
I am using RF 434 MHz module with ht12d and ht12e When a second remote is
switched on the VT light on receiver goes off, though both the remotes are operating
through different address pin. What is the cause Please help
REPLY
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