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MATHEMATICSFORM1
BASICMEASUREMENTS

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LENGTH
A)DeterminingtheMetricUnitsofLength

1.Lenghtisthedistancebetweentwopoints.

2.Therelationshipsbetweenthemetricunits

oflegthareshownbelow:

WorkedExample1

Statetheunitsoflengthsuitableformeasuring

(a)thethicknessofacoin,

(b)thelengthofSungaiPahang.

Solution

(a)mm(b)km

B)ConversionbetweenMetricUnitsoflength

Aunitoflengthcanbeconvertedtoanother

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unit.

(a)1cm=10mm

(b)1m=100cm

(c)1m=100x10mm

=1000m

(d)1km=1000m

(e)1km=1000x100cm

=100000cm

(f)1km=100000x10mm

=1000000mm

WorkedExample2

Convert

(a)31mtocm,
4

(b)26cm2mmtomm

Solution

WorkedExample3

Convert

(a)62.3cmtom,

(b)1km25mtokm.

Solution
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WorkedExample4

Convert

(a)85mmtocmandmm,

(b)6054

Solution

WorkedExample5

Convert

(a)73mtomandcm,
4

(b)0.52kmtocm.

Solution

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C)MeasuringtheLengthsofObjects

WorkedExample6

MeasurethelengthofthestraightlinePRwith

aruler.

Solution

PR=2.8cmor2cm8mm

WorkedExample7

MesurethecurveMN.

Solution

Useapieceofthreadandplaceitonthecurve

fromMtoN.MarkthepointNonit.Stretchthe

threadonarulertomesurethelengthofthe

curveMN.

MN=4.6cmor4cm6mm

D)DrawingStraightLines

UseAstraightlinecanbedrawnbyusinga

rulerandapencilifthelengthisgiven.

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WorkedExample8

DrawthestraightlinePRwiththelengthof

(a)41cm(b)6cm4mm.
2

Solution

E)EstimatingtheLengthsofObjects

Whenestimatingthelengthofanobject,

anappropriateunitoflengthmustbeused.

Forexample:

Theappropriateunitofmeasurementforestimating

thethicknessofacoinismm.Otherunitsoflength

suchasmandkmarenotsuitableinthiscase.m

andkmareusedforlargermeasurement.

WorkedExample9

Estimatethelengthofthefluorescenttubeinmetres.

Solution

Theestimatedlengthofthefluorescenttubeis1.5m.

Theactuallengthis1.22m.

F)Addition,Subtraction,Multiplication
andDivisioninvolvingLength

EstimateBeforeperformingaddition,subtraction,

multiplicationordivisioninvolvinglengthsofdifferent

units,wehavetochangeallthemeasurementstothe

sameunitfirst.

WorkedExample10

Solve

(a)15m42cm+6m25cm

(b)24.9cm+4mm.

Solution

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Therefore,15m42cm+6m25cm

=21m67cm

WorkedExample11

Solve

(a)6cm2.015cm,

(b)51mm23mm,
210

(c)33.52m16cm.

Solution

(a)6.000cm
2.015cm
3.985cm

Therefore,6cm2.015cm=3.985cm

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WorkedExample12

Solve

(a)64mmx8
8

(b)4km20m12cmx5

Solution

(a)64mmx8
8

=52mmx8
8

=52mm

Therefore,4km20m12cmx5

=20km100m60cm

WorkedExample13

Solve

(a)18.2cm5(b)15km2804.

Solution

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G)ProblemSolvinginvolingLength

WorkedExample14

Apieceofblackthreadis2m64cmlongand

apieceofredthreadis2.4mlong.Findtheir

totallength.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Lengthoftheblackthread=2m64cm

Lengthofredthreadis4.6m

Find:Totallengthofthetwopiecesofthreads

2.Deviseaplan

Change2m64cmtomandthennuseaddition.

3.Carryouttheplan

2m64cm

=2m+(64100)m

=2m+0.64m

=2.64m

2.64m+2.4m=5.04m

2.64m
+2.40m
5.04m

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Therefore,thetotallengthis5.04m.

4.Check

5.04m
2.4m
2.64m

MASS

A)DeterminingtheMetricUnitsofMass

1.Massistheamountofmatterinanobject.

2.Massisusuallymeasuredingrams(g),

kilograms(kg)andtonnesinmetricunits.

3.Asuitableunitofmeasuredshouldbeused

fordeterminingthemassofanobject.

WorkedExample15

Statesuitableunitforeachofthefollowing.

(a)Themassofachicken

(b)Themassofanegg

Solution

(a)kg

(b)g

B)ConversionbetweenMetricUnitsofMass

Therelationshipsbetweentheunitsof

massinthemetricsystemareasfollows.

WorkedExample16

Convert

(a)2.45kgtog,

(b)3106kgtotonnes,

(c)15030gtokgandg,
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(d)67.05

Solution

C)MeasuringtheMassofObjects

1.Aweighingmachineisusedtomeasure

themassofanobject.

2.Beforeweighingtheobject,thepointer

(needle)mustbesetatzero.

WorkedExample17

Statethemassofeachobjectontheweighing

machinebelow.

(a)(b)

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Solution

(a)300g(b)1.8kg

D)EstimatingtheMassofObject

Whenestimatingthemassofanobject,an

appopriateunitofmassmustbeused.

ForExample:

Theunitsuitableformeasuringthemassof

a20sencoinisg.kgisnotsuitableinthis

caseaskgisusedforlargermeasurements.

WorkedExample18

Estimatethemassof

(a)abottleof300mlofmineralwater,

(b)areamofA4papers.

Solution

(a)Usingapacketof300gofsugarasaguide,

theestimatedmassofthebottleofmineral

waterisabout300g.Theactualmassofthe

bottleofmineralwateris310g.

(b)Usingapacketofflourweighing1kgasa

guide,themassofareamofA4paperis

estimatedtobeabout2kg.Theactualmass

ofareamofA4paperis2.38kg.

E)Addition,Subtraction,Multiplication
andDivisioninvolvingMass

Beforeperformingaddition,subtraction,multip

licationanddivisioninvolvingmass,changeall

themeasurementstothesameunit.

WorkedExample19

Solve

(a)8tonnes350kg+6tonnes740kg,

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(b)13kg70g4kg520g

(c)720g3kg
5

Solution

WorkedExample20

Solve

(a)5tonnes410kgx6

(b)22kg4
5

(c)20kg25g8

Solution

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F)ProblemSolvinginvolvingMass

Anemptyvesselweights530g.Whenfilled

withsugar,itweights2.58kg.Find,inkg,

themassofthesugar.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Massoftheemptyvessel=530g

Massoftheemptyvessel+sugar=2.58kg

Find:Massofsugar

2.Deviseaplan

Changethemassoftheemptyvesseltokg

andthenusesubtraction.

3.Carryouttheplan

530g

=(5301000)kg

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0.53kg2.58kg
0.53kg
Massofsugar2.05kg

=2.58kg0.53kg

=2.05kg

Therefore,themassofthesugaris2.05kg.

4.Check

2.05kg
+0.53kg
2.58kg

TIME

A)DeterminingtheAppropriateUnitsofTime

1.Timeistheperiodbetweentwooccurrences

orevents.

2.Theunitsoftimeareseconds,minutes,hours,

days,weeks,months,years,decades,centuries

andmillenniums.

WorkedExample22

Stateasuitableunitoftimeforeachofthefollowing.

(a)Theageofaperson

(b)ThetimetakentotravelfromShahAlamtoKuala

Pilahbycar

Solution

(a)Yearsandmonths

(b)Hoursandminutes

B)ConversionbetweenUnitsofTime

StateaTherelationshipsbetweentheunitsoftime

areasfollows:

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WorkedExample23

Convert

(a)51daystohours,
4

(b)6minute18secondstoseconds.

Solution

(a)51days=21x24hours
44

=126hours

(b)6minute12seconds

=(6x60)seconds+18seconds

=(360+18)seconds

=378seconds

WorkedExample24

Convert

(a)36monthstoyears,

(b)309minutestohoursandminutes.

Solution

(a)32months=(3612)years

=3years

C)MeasuringtheTimetakenforanActivity

Astopwatchoradigitalclockarealwaysusedto

measurehetimetakenforanactivity.Theunits

usedareusuallyinseconds,minutesandhours.

D)EstimatingtheTimeofanActivity
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Estimatethetimetakentosingthenationalanthem,

"Negaraku".

Solution

30seconds

E)Addition,Subtraction,Multiplication
andDivisioninvolvingTime

WorkedExample26

Solve

(a)5minutes42seconds+31minutes.
2

Solution

(a)5minutes42seconds+31minutes
2

=5minutes42seconds+3mminutes

30seconds

=9minutes12seconds

WorkedExample27

Solve

(a)14weeks2days6weeks5days

(b)22.3minutes24seconds

Solution

(b)22.3minutes24seconds

=(22+0.3)minutes24seconds

=22minutes+(0.3*60)seconds

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24seconds

=22minutes18seconds24seconds

=21minutes54seconds

WorkedExample28

Solve

(a)8days15hoursx4

Solution

WorkedExample29

Solve

(a)7hours12

Solution

(a)7hours12

=(7x60)minutes12

=420minutes12

=35minutes

F)ProblemSolvinginvolvingTime

WorkedExample30

Abustook6hours35minutestotravelfrom

SerembantoIpoh.Ittookanother2hours15

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minutestotravelfromIpohtoButterworth.

Calculatethetotaltimetakentotravelfrom

SerembantoButterworth.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

SerembantoIpoh=6hours35minutes

IpohtoButterworth=2hours15minutes

Find:TotaltimefromShahAlamto

Butterworth

2.Deviseaplan

Useaddition.

3.Carryouttheplan

4.Check

8.4TWELVEHOURANDTWENTY
FOURHOURSYSTEM

A)Timeinthe12hourSystem

1.Timecanbeexpressedinthe12hoursystem

or24hoursystem.

2.Inthe12hoursystem,wehavetostateclearly

whetherthetimeisinthemorning,noon,after

noon,evening,nightormidnight.

3.Inthe12hoursystem,a.m.isusedforthetime

betweenmidnightandnoonwhereasp.m.isused

forthetimebetweennoonandmidnight.

Solution

Forexample:
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WorkedExample31

Writethetimeforeachofthefollowinginthe12

hoursystem.

(a)(b)

Solution

(a)8.20a.m.(b)3.35p.m.

B)Timeinthe24hourSystem

1.Inthe24hoursystem,fourdigitsareusedto

indicatetime.Thefirsttwodigitsdenotehour

andthelasttwodigitsdenniteminutes.

Forexample:

2.Adayendsat2400hours.Thenextdaybegins

at0000whichis12.00midnight.

WorkedExample32

Writethetimeforeachofthefollowinginthe24

hoursystem.

(a)(b)

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Solution

(a)0805hours(b)1120hours

C)ChangingTimeinthe12hourSystem
tothe24hourSystemandviceversa

Therelationshipbetweenthetimesintwosystems

isshownbelow.

WorkedExample33

Changeeachofthefollowingtothe24hour

system.

(a)8.15a.m.(d)10.45p.m.

(b)11.00a.m.(e)12.20a.m.

(c)4.35p.m.

Solution

WorkedExample34

Changeeachofthefollowingtothe12hour

system.

(a)0925hours(c)1705hours

(b)1235hours(d)0045hours

Solution
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D)DeterminingtheIntervalbetween
TwogivenTimes

Intervalisthelengthoftimebetweentwogiven

times.

WorkedExample35

Findtheintervalbetween09.15a.m.and3.45p.m.

onthesameday.

Solution

Interval

=2hours45minutes+3hours45minutes

=6hours30minutes

WorkedExample36

Findtheintervalbetween11.30p.m.onTuesday

and4.15a.m.onWednesday.

Solution

Interval

=30minutes+4hours15minutes

=4hours45minutes
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E)DeterminingtheTimeinthe12hour
Systemor24hourSystem

WorkedExample37

Findthetimewhichis5hours25minutesafter

2.15p.m.,inthe12hoursystem.

Solution

Thetimeis7.40p.m..

WorkedExample38

Findthetimewhichis5hours55minutesbefore

2.10p.m.,inthe12hourSystem.

Solution

2.10p.m.=1410hours

Thetimeis8.15a.m..

WorkedExample39

Findthetimewhichis4hours50minutesafter

2120hours,inthe12hoursystem.

Solution

Thetimeis0210hours,thenextday.

F)ProblemSolvinginvolvingTime

Ashowstartsat8.45a.m.andendsat3.20p.m.

Howlongistheshow?

Solution
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1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Theshowstartsat8.45a.m..

Theshowendsst3.20p.m..

Find:Durationoftheshow

2.Deviseaplan

Changethetimestothe24hoursystemand

thenusesubtraction.

3.Carryouttheplan

8.45a.m.=0845hours

3.20p.m.=1520hours

Therefore,theshowlasts6hours35minutes.

4.Check

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