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International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:5, No:3, 2011
International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:5, No:3, 2011 waset.org/Publication/1052
I. INTRODUCTION
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x n =
(5)
n N 1
x n
D/A
&
PA
P/S
Input
Data
Stream
Converter
x(t)
SQRT
Process
y(t)
C
H
A
N
N
E
L
A/D
Output
Data
Stream
S/P
1 N 1
2
(4)
Pavg =
xn
N n=0
In the OFDM transmitter, the IFFT process changes the
constellation shape of the processed signals. This change is
attributed to the transformation in statistical properties of the
real and imaginary parts, I and Q, of OFDM signals from
uniform distribution at the frequency domain (before IFFT)
into the Gaussian distribution at the time domain (after IFFT).
Consequently, PAPR of the OFDM output signals is usually
higher than that of the single-carrier systems using the same
modulation format.
The complex-valued data modulated symbols X are
j n
xn
and
xn e
Converter
0 n N 1
IFFT
max
FFT
S/P
P
(2)
PAPR = 10 Log 10 Peak
P
avg
Where Ppeak and Pavg are the peak and average power of
output OFDM symbol, respectively, and they are computed as
2
(3)
nQ
Converter
(1)
nI
distribution.
P/S
k =0
, 0 n N 1
nQ
Converter
International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:5, No:3, 2011 waset.org/Publication/1052
N 1
j 2 n k
N
k
X
e
P peak
nI
xn = 1
N
signals
PSK/QAM
Modulator
DeModulator
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scholar.waset.org/1999.5/1052
also.
To understand the effect of SQRT process on the power
values of OFDM output signals, we assume normalized
average power ( Pavg = 1 ). When the average power is
normalized, the value of the peak power is diminished by N
because Pavg = N for the same PAPR. This assumption is
x
xa =
x
xa
PAPR >
for
PAPR
(6)
{ }
N1
n=0 ,
and
threshold level. In the transmitter of the adaptive SQRTOFDM system, the PAPR of each generated OFDM output
signals should be tested first to decide the need of using the
SQRT process.
Side information is needed at the receiver side to recover
Sample value
Sample value
Sample value
Sample value
x = xna
a
for
No. of samples
1 2
Conv ).
2
No. of samples
2
conventional OFDM system ( SQRT
No. of samples
No. of samples
International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:5, No:3, 2011 waset.org/Publication/1052
285
scholar.waset.org/1999.5/1052
CCDF=Prob{PAPR>PAPR
CCDF o}
10
10
CCDF=Prob{PAPR>PAPR
CCDF
o}
-1
10
-2
10
Conventional OFDM
SQRT-OFDM
-2
10
-3
-4
10
-5
10
11
12
13
14
10
10
PAPRo(dB)
PAPRo
(dB)
10
11
12
13
14
PAPRo(dB)
PAPRo
(dB)
10
Conventional OFDM
Original SQRT
Adartive SQRT-(Thr=10dB)
Adaptive SQRT-(Thr=9dB)
-1
PAPR (dB)
13
CCDF
10
-5
12
6X10
11
-5
2X10
10
-3
2X10
-2
2X10
10
-1
6X10
BER
International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:5, No:3, 2011 waset.org/Publication/1052
-1
10
-1
Adaptive SQRT-(Thr=8dB)
-2
10
-3
10
-4
10
10
12
14
16
18
20
Eb/No (dB)
Fig. 5 BER performance of the adaptive SQRT technique
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[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
0
-5
[9]
In-Band
Signals
-10
-15
RelativePSD(dB)
Power (dB)
International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:5, No:3, 2011 waset.org/Publication/1052
[10]
-20
-25
[11]
-30
-35
[12]
-40
-45
[13]
-50
-2
-1
Normalized
Frequency
(BW/BWConv)
Normalized
Frequency
[14]
V. CONCLUSIONS
Initially, we proposed PAPR reduction technique using
adaptive square-rooting companding process on the OFDM
output signals. This process changes the statistical
characteristics of the treated OFDM output signals from
Rayleigh to Gaussian-like distribution. At the same time the
values of power signals, average and peak, diminished and as
a result the PAPR is reduced. The original square-rooting
technique can reduce the PAPR up to 6 dB at CCDF=10-5.
[15]
[16]
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