TOPICS FOR GROUP PRESENTATION

QUESTION NO.1 FOR GROUP 1

a) Distinguish the term water pinch and pinch temperature

b) Consider a process requirement with six water sinks and five water sources, as shown in
Table 3. Fresh water is used in the sinks and it is desired to replace as much fresh water
as possible.
Table 4 The water sink and sources information
Sink No

Inlet conc. (ppm) Flowrate (tonnes/hr)

1
2
3
4
5
6

0
50
50
144
170
240

Source No
1
2
3
4
5

120
80
80
140
80
195

Inlet conc (ppm) Flowrate (tonnes/hr)

100
120
140
80
180
140
230
80
250
195

Load (kg/hr)
0
4
4
19.6
13.6
46.8
Load (kg/hr)
12
11.2
25.2
18.4
48.75

Construct the water cascade table for the stream data and determine the pinch point and
targets
i)
ii)

Verify the targets using flowrates versus mass load composite curves
Design a new cascade network for the plant in order to achieve the minimum fresh
water required and minimum wastewater to be treated.

QUESTION 2 FOR GROUP 2

a) Process design is a step-by-step process which can be depicted by an onion model. Using
an appropriate diagram(s), examine and discuss this model in application to a typical
process design.
b) With respect to heat integration study, explain differences between new plant design and
retrofitting an existing plant. States advantages working on retrofitting an existing
c) Stream data extraction from process flow diagram requires a due caution steps in order to
get the right data for pinch analysis. Discuss the principles and strategies laid in extracting
these data

QUESTION 3 FOR GROUP 3

Table 1 shows stream data obtained from a typical Process Flow Diagram.
Table 1. The stream data
Stream No

Supply temp, Ts (oC)

Target temp, Tt(oC)

H1
H2
H3
C1
C2
C3

170
45
70
20
160
80

60
30
30
132
195
140

Heat capacity flowrate,

CP (Kw/oC)
1.5
2
2.5
2.7
0.4
1.5

Using Tmin = 10oC ,

a) Construct the process composite curves and determine the utility requirements, and the
process pinch temperatures.

b) Design a possible heat exchanger networkthat features maximum energy requirement.

Provide your answer on the grid diagrams to show the exchangers involved.
c)Explain, if it is possible to reduce the number of exchanger units bby the method of loops and
paths.

QUESTION 4 FOR GROUP 4

The extracted stream data from a certain chemical processing plant is as shown in Table 2, and
Table 3 shows the availbale utilities data for the given process.
Table 2. The extracted stream data
Stream Supply temp, Ts(oC) Target temp, Tt (oC)
No
H1
H2
C1
C2

250
200
20
140

40
80
180
230

Heat capacity
flowrate, CP
(Kw/oC)
0.15
0.25
0.2
0.3

H (Kw)

32
30
32
27

Table 3. The given utility data

Name and type of uility

Temperature, oC

Cost (unit cost/ kwhr)

HP steam
MP steam
Cooling water

250
180
20-30

5.0
3.0
0.2

Assime the process Tmin = 10oC for utility placement.

a)
b)
c)
d)

Construct the Grand composite Curve on a graph paper, indicating all process events.
Determine Qh,min, Qc,min and the process pinch temperatures
Specify an appropriate placement of the utilities on the GCC graph you have plotted.
Justify the total utility cost that was previously obtained.

QUESTION 5 FOR GROUP 5

a) Distillation Column (DC) is an important process equipment and is also an energy intensive
equipment. Proper placement and integration of this equipment on the background process
pinch temperature saves on the usage of energy. As a junior process engineer, you are to
report to your senior colleague the results of your analysis on the suitability of a distillation
column placement and integration with respect to,
i)
Upper pinch temperature
ii)
Lower pinch temperature
iii)
Across pinch temperature
iv)
Also, to suggest to your senior colleague the placement and integration of a DC that
would provide the best system energy integration

b) Propose on how a DC could further be re-arranged such that its arrangement with the
process background enhances significant energy integration.

QUESTION 6 FOR GROUP 6

a) Pinch technology provides a systematic methodology on thermodynamic principles for energy
saving I processes and total sites. Describe how an Onion Diagram helps in relating pinch
Techology to the overall process design
b) Figure 1 is a simple process flow sheet

Figure 1: A Process flow sheet

i)
ii)

Extract the stream data for hot and cold streams, including reboiler and condenser. Specify
the supply temperature (Ts), target temperature (Tt), heat capacity flow rate (CP) and
enthalpy (H) for each stream.
Stream data extraction is an important step prior to pinch analysis. Discuss three (3)
important aspects in the stream data extraction principles.