Who are the Parties to Civil Actions???

(Sections 1 to 22)
Who may be parties (Sec. 1)
1. Natural persons
2. Juridical persons
3. Entities authorized by law (even if they
lack
juridical personality)
Classification of parties
Real party in interest (Sec. 2)
Lack of personality to sue
Evangelista vs. Santiago, 475 SCRA 744 (2005)
Standing to sue
Domingo vs. Carague, 456 SCRA 450 (2005)
Representative parties (Sec. 3)
Oposa vs. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792 (1993) Indispensable parties (Sec.
7)
Domingo vs. Scheer, 421 SCRA 468
(2004)
Uy vs. CA, 494 SCRA 535 (2006)
Necessary party or proper party (Secs. 8-9)
Laperal Devt. Corp. vs. CA, 223 SCRA
261 (1993)
Permissive joinder of parties (Sec. 6)
Effects of misjoinder and non-joinder of parties
(Sec. 11)
Class suits (Sec. 12)
Mathay vs. Consolidated Bank, 58 SCRA
559 (1974)
Defendants
1. Unwilling co-plaintiff (Sec. 10)
2. Alternative defendant (Sec. 13)
3. Unknown defendant (Sec. 14; Rule 14,
Sec. 14)
4. Entity without juridical personality as
defendant (Sec. 15;
Rule 14, Sec. 8)
Death of party; duty of counsel (Secs. 16, 20)
1. If plaintiff dies during pendency of case
2. If defendant dies, effect of his death
depends upon nature of
the pending action

Effect of non-substitution of a deceased party

Heirs of Bertuldo Hinog vs. Melicor, 455 SCRA 460 (2005)
De la Cruz vs. Joaquin, 464 SCRA 576 (2005)
Death or separation of party who is a public officer
(Sec. 17)
Incompetency or incapacity (Sec. 18)
Transfer of interest (Sec. 19)
Indigent party (Sec. 21)
Notice to Solicitor General (Sec. 22)