Rectangle :

Square :

Area = lb

Perimeter = 2(l+b)

Area = aa

Perimeter = 4a

Parallelogram

Area = l h

Perimeter = 2(l+b)

Triangle :

Area =bh/2 or s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c).where s=a+b+c/2

Right angle Triangle :

Area =1/2(bh)

Perimeter = b+h+d

Isosceles right angle triangle :

Area = . a2

Perimeter = 2a+d.where d=a2

Equilateral Triangle :

Area = 3. a2/4 or (ah).where h = 3/2

Perimeter = 3a

Trapezium :

Area = 1/2h(a+b)

Perimeter = Sum of all sides

Rhombus :

Area = d1 d2/2

Perimeter = 4l

Quadrilateral

Area =1/2 Diagonal (Sum of offsets)

Kite :

Area = d1d2/2

Perimeter = 2 Sum on non-adjacent sides

Circle :

Area = r^2 or d^2/4

Circumference = 2r or d

Area of sector of a circle = (r^2 )/360

Frustum :

Curved surface area = h(r1+r2)

Surface area = ( r12+ h(r1+r2) + r22)

Cube :

Volume: V = l3

Lateral surface area = 4a2

Surface Area: S = 6s2

Diagonal (d) = 3l

Cuboid :

Volume of cuboid: lbh

Total surface area = 2 (lb + bh + hl) or 6l2

Length of diagonal =(l^2+b^2+h^2)

Right Circular Cylinder :

Volume of Cylinder = r2 h

Lateral Surface Area (LSA or CSA) = 2 r h

Total Surface Area = TSA = 2 r (r + h)

Volume of hollow cylinder = r h(R2 r2)

Right Circular cone :

Volume = 1/3 r2h

Curved surface area: CSA= r l

Total surface area = TSA = r(r + l )

Sphere

Volume: V = 4/3 r3

Surface Area: S = 4r2

Hemisphere :

Volume = 2/3 r3

Curved surface area(CSA) = 2 r2

Total surface area = TSA = 3 r2

Prism :

Volume = Base area x h

Lateral Surface area = perimeter of the base x h

Pyramid:

Volume of a right pyramid = (1/3) area of the base height.

Area of the lateral faces of a right pyramid = (1/2) perimeter of the

base x slant height.

Area of whole surface of a right pyramid = area of the lateral faces +

area of the base.

Tetrahedron :

Area of its slant sides = 3a23/4

Area of its whole surface = 3a2

Volume of the tetrahedron = (2/12) a

Regular Hexagon :

Area = 33 a2 / 2

Perimeter = 6a

Some other Formula :

Area of Pathway running across the middle of a rectangle = w(l+b-w)

Perimeter of Pathway around a rectangle field = 2(l+b+4w)

Area of Pathway around a rectangle field =2w(l+b+2w)

Perimeter of Pathway inside a rectangle field =2(l+b-4w)

Area of Pathway inside a rectangle field =2w(l+b-2w)

Area of four walls = 2h(l+b)

Pythagorean Identities:

sin2 + cos2 = 1

1 + tan2 = sec2

1 + cot2 = cosec2

Reciprocal Identities:

sin = 1/cosec

cos = 1/sec

tan = 1/cot

Ratio Identities:

tan = sin /cos

cot = cos /sin

Even/Odd Identities:

sin (-) = sin

cosec (-) = cosec

cos (-) = cos

sec (-) = sec

tan (-) = tan

cot (-) = cot

Cofunction Identities:

sin (90-) = cos

cos (90-) = sin

tan (90-) = cot

cot (90-) = tan

sec (90-) = cosec

cosec (90-) = sec

sin (90+) = cos

cos (90+) = sin

tan (90+) = cot

cot (90+) = tan

sec (90+) = cosec

cosec (90+) = sec

Values of some Trigonometric Functions:

a sin b cos,

a sin b sin,

a cos b cos

Maximum value = (a2 + b2)

Minimum value = (a2 + b2)

Example: Find the minimum and maximum value of 3 sin + 4 sin

Minimum value = (32 + 42) = -5
Maximum value = (32 + 42) = 5

Type 2: (sin cos)n

Minimum value = (1/2)n
The maximum value can go up to infinity.

Example: Find the minimum value of sin4 cos4

Minimum value = (1/2)4 = 1/16

Type 3: a sin2 + b cos2

If a > b, Maximum value = a and Minimum value = b
If a < b, Maximum value = b and Minimum value = a

Example: Find the minimum and maximum values of 3 sin2 + 5 cos2

First check, here a < b
So Maximum value = 5 and Minimum value = 3

*Note: You do not have to learn this formula, just observe here that if the
equation is of type a sin2 + b cos2, no matter what, the maximum value

is the larger of values (a, b) and minimum value is smaller of values(a,

b).

Type 4: a sin2 + b cosec2,

a cos2 + b sec2,

a tan2 + b

cot2
Minimum value = 2(ab)
The maximum value can go up to infinity.

Example: Find the minimum value of 4 cos2 + 9 sec2

Observe the case, so Minimum value = 2(4*9) = 12

*Note: In these formulae, reciprocal of one another is there.

Now these above given formulae can be used to deduce minimum and
maximum values of other trigonometric functions also. But remember
that first we have to deduce teh equation up to the point we can.

We are providing some examples:

Example 1: Minimum value of a sec2 + b cosec2 ?

We do not have a formula for this, lets continue
The given function can be written as
a (1 + tan2) + b(1 + cot2)
= a + b + a tan2 + b cot2
= (a+b) + (a tan2 + b cot2)
Now observe that we have the formula for finding min value of a tan2 +
b cot2
So here minimum value is
(a+b) + 2(ab)

Now find the minimum value of a question asked in SSC CGL 2012 Exam:
Example 2: sin2 + cos2 + sec2 + cosec2 + tan2 + cot2
First try it yourself and then see the solution
sin2 + cos2 + sec2 + cosec2 + tan2 + cot2
= 1 + sec2 + cosec2 + tan2 + cot2.(i)
Now 1 + tan2 = sec2
So (i) = 2sec2 + cosec2 + cot2(ii)
Now cot2 = cosec2 1
So (ii) = 2sec2 + cosec2 + cosec2 1

= 2sec2 + 2cosec2 1
Now see we had find the min value of 2sec2 + 2cosec2 type above
So now min value = 2 + 2 + 2(2*2) 1 = 4 + 4 1 = 7

Profit and Loss

price
Formulas

SP Selling price

Profit = SP CP

Loss% = ((CP SP)/CP) * 100

CP = SP/(1+profit%)

CP Cost price

Loss = CP SP

MP Marked

Profit% = ((SP CP)/CP) * 100

SP = (1+ profit%) * CP

SP = (1 Loss%) * CP

CP = SP/(1-Loss%) MP = SP+ Discount MP = SP/(1-Disount%)

Discount% = ((MP SP) / MP) * 100
discount%)

Profit% = MP% Discount% (MP% *

If profit and loss are same(x), then loss%= (X/10) 2

Problem:
1) A person incurs 5% loss by selling a watch for Rs.1140 at what price should the
watch be sold is earn 5% profit?
Solution: CP = SP/(1-Loss%)

CP = 1140*100/(100-5)

CP = 1200

To incur 5% profit the product should be sold = 1200*105/100

SP = 1260

2) An article sold at a loss of 10%, Its CP is 800. A discount of 20% was offered on
the labeled price while selling. What is the loss% at the labeled price?
Solution:

SP = (1- loss%)*CP SP = 800*90/100 = 720

MP = SP/(1-Disount%)

MP = 720/(1-20%) = (720*100)/80 = 900

Loss % at labeled price = ((MP-SP)/MP)*100

Loss% = ((900-720)/900)*100 = 20%

3) By what percent must the cost price be raised in fixing the sale price in order that
there may be a profit of 20% after allowing a commission of 10%.

Solution:

Usual method: CP =100 rs , profit = 20%

SP = 120 rs

Commission 10%, then MP = SP/(1-discount%)

MP = 120/(1-10%) = 120/(1-(10/100))

=120* 100/(100-10)

= 133.3 rs

MP% = ((MP- CP)/CP)*100

=33.3%

So MP should be 33.3% more than CP to get 20% profit after allowing commission of
10%

Shortcut :

Profit%= MP% Discount% (MP%*discount%)

Let MP%=x%

20/100 = x/100 10/100 ((x/100)*(10/100))

30/100 = 90x/10000

X = 33.3%

4) The price of land came to a person through three middle man each gaining 20%
if the person purchased the land for RS.3,45,600 the original cost of land was ?

Solution :

CP = SP/(1+profit%)

CP = 345600*(100/120)*(100/120)*(100/120)

CP = 2,00,000 rs

5) A cloth merchant sold half of his cloth at 20% profit and half of the remaining
cloth at 20% loss and remaining at the cost price. In total transmission what will be
his gain or loss?

Solution:

Let CP = 100

Half of the cloth at 20% profit, SP = 50 *120/100 = 60

Half of the remaing cloth at 20% loss, SP = 25 *80/100 = 20

Reaming cloth at CP, Therefore SP = 25

On total transaction SP = 60 + 20 +25 = 105

Profit% = 5%

First identify the type of statements as:

Statement Type
All A are B
No A is B
Some A are B
Some A are not B

A
E
I
O

When the subject and predicate of a conclusion are present in a single

statement, the rules are:
A(All A are B)

I(Some A are B)

E(No A is B)

O(Some A are not B)

I(Some A are B)

A(All A are B) with Possibility & O(Some A are not

E(No A is B) with Possibility & I(Some A are B) with

B) with Possibility
O(Some A are not B)
Possibility
Examples
1. Statements: All trees are plants. Some plants are flowers.
Conclusions: Some trees are plants
Conclusions subject (trees) and predicate (plants) present in a
single statement (All trees are plants). Now since in the rules we
have A I. This gives that if All trees are plants, then Some
trees are plants is true
2. Statements: All trees are plants. Some plants are flowers.
Conclusions: All plants are flowers. All plants are flowers is a
possibility.
Since in the rules we have I A with possibility. So All plants
are flowers is a possibility is true. And All plants are flowers is
not true.

When two or more statements are required to answer the correctness

of conclusion, the rules are:
First, check whether all statements are aligned i.e. the subject of one statement
should be same as the predicate of previous statement
For example: Consider statements
All A are B. Some B are C. All C are D. No D is E
These statements are aligned. But if the statements are given like
All A are B. Some C are B. All C are D. No D is E
We see that the second statement (Some C are B) is not aligned with first
statement (All A are B) and then third statement is also not aligned with second
statement. So we must align the second statement.
During the alignment or conversion of statements, the subject and the
predicate changes. Rules for alignment or conversion of statements are
A(All A are B)

I(Some B are A)

E(No A is B)

E(No B is A)

I(Some A are B)

I(All B are A)

O(Some A are not B)

not convertible

So, in the statements All A are B. Some C are B. All C are D. No D is E.

Some C are B (I type) will be converted to Some B are C. and the statements
will be now written as
All A are B. Some B are C. All C are D. No D is E.
After the alignment is done, the conclusions can be checked as:
First see the subject and predicate of the conclusion, then see where that
subject and that predicate is present and then apply following rules to check the
correctness of that conclusion:
A(All A are B) + A(All B are C)

A(All A are C)

A(All A are B) + E(No B is C)

E(No A is C)

A(All A are B) + I(Some B are C)

No conclusion

A(All A are B) + O(Some B are not C)

No conclusion

E(No A is B) + A(All B are C)

O reverse(Some C are

E(No A is B) + E(No B is C)

No conclusion

E(No A is B) + I(Some B are C)

O reverse(Some C are

not A)

not A)
E(No A is B) + O(Some B are not C)

No conclusion

I(Some A are B) + A(All B are C)

I(Some A are C)

I(Some A are B) + E(No B is C)

O(Some A are not C)

I(Some A are B) + I(Some B are C)

No conclusion

I(Some A are B) + O(Some B are not C)

No conclusion

O(Some A are not B) + A(All B are C)

No conclusion

O(Some A are not B) + E(No B is C)

No conclusion

O(Some A are not B) + I(Some B are C)

No conclusion

O(Some A are not B) + O(Some B are not C)

No conclusion

O reverse(Some B are not A) + A(All B are C)

O reverse(Some B are not A) + E(No B is C)

No conclusion

O reverse(Some B are not A) + I(Some B are C)

No conclusion

O reverse(Some B are not A) + O(Some B are not C)

No conclusion

reverse(Some C are not A)

Example:
Statements: Some horses are goats. All goats are dogs. All dogs are cats.
Some cats are tigers.
Conclusions:
I. Some tigers are horses.
II. Some cats are goats.
III. Some dogs are horses.
IV. No tigers is goats.
All the statements are aligned. The statement type is respectively I, A, A, I
To check:
1st conclusion for this conclusion, see that tigers is present in last statement
and horses is present in first statement. So we have to see all statements. Now
I (Some horses are goats) + A (All goats are dogs) I (Some horses are
dogs).
I (Some horses are dogs) + A (All dogs are cats) I (Some horses are cats).
I (Some horses are cats) + I (Some cats are tigers) No conclusion
Since we have got no conclusion, the conclusion Some tigers are horses
does not follow.

2nd conclusion this can be checked by only 2nd and 3rd statement.
A (All goats are dogs) + A (All dogs are cats) A (All goats are cats).
So we get that All goats are cats is true. Remember from the conversion rules
A I. So All goats are cats Some cats are goats
So the conclusion Some cats are goats follows.
3rd conclusion this can be checked by only 1st and 2nd statements.
I (Some horses are goats) + A (All goats are dogs) I (Some horses are dogs)
So we get that Some horses are dogs is true. Remember from the conversion
rules I I. So Some horses are dogs Some dogs are horses
So the conclusion Some dogs are horses follows.
4th conclusion this can be checked by 2nd , 3rd and 4th statements.
A (All goats are dogs) + A (All dogs are cats) A (All goats are cats).
A (All goats are cats) + I (Some cats are tigers) No conclusion
Since we have got no conclusion, the conclusion No tigers is goats does not
follow.
If two conclusions contain same subject and predicate, then check:

If both conclusions are incorrect applying the above rules.

If one conclusion is positive and the other is negative.

If there is complementary pair A,O

I,O

I,E

If all of these conditions are true in case of two conclusions with same subject
and predicate, the answer will be either of the two conclusions is correct.
Example:
Statements: All A are B, Some B are C, All C are D, No D is F.
Conclusions:
I. No B is F
II. Some B are F
To solve for these 2 conclusions, we will see the last three statements as:
Some B are C (I) + All C are D (A) I
I + No D is F (E) O
This means O (Some B are not F) will be correct.
This means both conclusions I and II are incorrect. This satisfies the 1st
condition.

2nd condition says that one should be positive and the other negative. In this, I
conc. is negative and II is positive. This satisfies the 2nd condition.
Third condition is also satisfied, the conclusions I and II make pair E,I which
satisfies the 3rd condition.
Since all the three conditions satisfies, so answer will be either I or II is
correct.

To find greater between fractions without calculating their decimal values.

Here is a short example:
Consider 4/5 and 6/7
Cross multiply the numerator and denominator of both the fractions.
4 7 = 28
6 5 = 30
30 > 28 so the fraction carrying 6 as numerator is greater, i.e. 6/7 > 4/5
* You can use this method when you are asked to find out the greatest or smallest among given
fractions.
Method to solve mixed fractions.
Here is an example:
Consider finding the value for 2(1/3) + 4(2/7) + 5(1/6).
This can be calculated as:
(2 + 4 + 5) + [(1/3) + (2/7) + (1/6)] = 11 + (14 + 12 + 7)/42
= 11 + 33/42
= 495/42
Now similarly 2(1/3) + 4(2/7) 5(1/6)
= (2 + 4 5) + [(1/3) + (2/7) (1/6)] = 1 + (14 + 12 7)/42
= 1 + 19/42
= 61/42
Radical Symbol ()
When x^2 = 25, then x = 5 and -5 because 5 5 = 25 and also (-5) (-5) = 25
But when x = 25 or 25^1/2, then x = 5 only because when radical symbol is used, we can take
only positive (or zero) values.
Squares of numbers ending with 5.
Consider examples:
(25)^2 = 2 3 | 5 5 = 625
(85)^2 = 8 9 | 5 5 = 7225
(105)^2 = 10 11 | 5 5 = 11025
Multiplication with number 15.
120 15 = 120 + (120/2) = 120 + 60 = 1800
162 15 = 162 + (162/2) = 162 + 81 = 2430
185 15 = 185 + (185/2) = 185 + 92.5 = 2775

aX2+bX +c =0
a = coefficient of X2

b = coefficient of X
c = constant term
There will be five problems from this topic. It is the easiest one, so you can
solve all problems within 5 to 7 minutes.
In this kind of problems two equations will be given as question, you have to
solve the equation and find the relation between them
1.P > Q
2.P < Q
3.P Q
4.p Q
5.P = Q or relationship cannot be established
Example 1:P2+13P+40=0
Q2+7Q+12=0
Step1: let us take equ 1. P2+13P+40=0 in this equation coefficient of p, 13
should be split into two numbers in such a way that multiplication of both
numbers should be equal to constant term 40 and addition of numbers should
be equal to 13
13 can be split into (1,12) (2,11) (3,10) (4,9) (5,8) (6,7)
In these combination 5 and 8 only can give 40 while multiplying, so this is the
number we are searching for,and since the coefficient of P2 is 1 and there is no
negative sign in the equation, we can directly write value of P by simply
changing the sign
P= -5,-8
( just for reference Actual procedure is P2+5P+8P+40=0
P(P+5)+8(P+5)=0

(P+5)(P+8)=0
P=-5,-8 )
Step 2: Now equ2. Q2+7Q+12=0 similar process applicable for this equation to
find Q, here coefficient of Q should be split into two numbers and multiplication
of the numbers should give 12
7 can be split up into (1,6) (2,5) (3,4)
Combination of 3 and 4 alone satisfy our need i.e. giving 7 and 12 while adding
and multiplying the numbers respectively, since there is no negative sign in the
equation,we can directly write value of Q by changing sign .
Q=-3, -4
P= -5,-8
Obviously P < Q
Example 2: 2p2+12p+16=0
2q2+14q+24=0
Step 1: let us take equ1 since coefficient of p2 is 2,we have to multiply 2 with
constant number 16 , now as usual 12 should be split up into two numbers and
multiplication of the numbers should give ( 2*16=) 32 .

4+8 =12
4*8=32

12 can be split up into 4 and 8,

now change the sign of numbers and divide it by 2 since the coefficient of p2 is
2,
Thus the value of p = -2,-4
Step 2: now take equ2. And follow the same procedure multiply 2 with constant
number 24 . So addition of two numbers should be 14 and multiplication of
numbers should be 48 (24*2)

6+8 =14 ; 6*8=48

Numbers are 6 and 8, now divide by 2, since the coefficient of q2 is 2 so the
value of q is -3,-4
here, one of the numbers of p and q are same but other number of p is greater
than other number of q
so ans is p q
If you have doubt in finding which one is greater, use this technique.
Number which is 1st from right hand side is greater one.

Example 3: x2-x-6=0
2y2+13y+21

Step1: Here constant number and coefficient of x are negative so the

combination of numbers will be positive and negative.

Combination is 2,-3
Value of x=-2 , 3
Step2: proceed with equation 2

Combination is (6,7) ,
since the coefficient of y2 is 2 divide the value of y by 2
Y= -(6/2) , -(7/2)
Y= -3 , -3.5
Relation is X > Y
Example 4: 12x2+11x+12=10x2+22x
13y2-18y+3=9y2-10y
Step1: convert this into normal quadratic equation form

2x2-11x+12=0
4y2-8y+3=0
Step2: now as usual normal procedure , here coefficient of x is negative and
constant term is positive so both numbers will be negative

Combination is -8,-3
And value of x= 4, 3/2
Step3: proceed with equ 2

Combination is (-2,-6)
since coefficient of y2 is 4 divide the value of y by 4 ,
And value of y = , 3/2
Relation is x y
Example 5: 18/x2 + 6/x -12/x2 = 8/x2
Y3+9.68+5.64 =16.95

Multiply x2 in equ1 it becomes 18+6X -12 =8

Solving this equations we get x = 1/3 = 0.33
Solving equ2 we get y3 = 1.63
Y = 1.17
Relation is x < y
Example 6: (x+18)1/2 = (144)1/2 (49)1/2
Y2 +409 = 473
By solving equ1, we get x = 7
Solving equ2 we get y = 8
Relation cannot be formed between x and y since x is both highest and
lowest one.
TIPS to find combination:
1. If the coefficient of x or y and constant term is negative, then one number will
be positive and other will be negative.
2. If the coefficient of x or y and constant term is positive, combination will be
positive.
3. If the coefficient of x or y and constant term are positive and negative then
the combination of numbers will be both positive and negative.

Boats and Stream

By Karikalan - February 27, 2015

u Speed of boat/man

v Speed of water

Speed of boat along the river (Downstream) a = u + v

Speed of boat against the river (Upstream) b = u v

Mostly speed if boat greater than speed of water

Speed of boat in still water u = (a + b)

Speed of water current v = (a b)

Distance = time (u2 v2)/ 2u

1) A man can row 18km/hr in still water. speed of the man in downstream is thrice
the speed in upstream. Find the rate of stream.

Solution:

Let, Speed of man in upstream a = a

Speed of man in downstream b = 3a

Speed of man in still water u = (a + b)

Speed of man in still water = (3a + a) = 2a

We know speed of man in still water = 18

So, a = 9

Rate of stream = (27 9) =9 km/hr

2) A boat can cover certain distance in downstream in 1hr. and it takes 1hr to
cover same distance in upstream. If speed of the stream is 3kmph, then what will be
the speed of boat?

Solution:

let speed of boat in still water be x

speed in downstream = x + 3

speed in upstream = x 3

Since boat covered same distance in upstream and downstream,

(x + 3)*1 = (x 3)*(3/2)

speed in downstream x= 15 kmph

3) A man can row three quarter of a km against the stream in 11 min and down
the stream in 7min. what is the speed of man in still water.

Solution:

Speed of man in Upstream = (()/(45/4)) *60

= 4 kmph

Speed of man in Downstream = (()/(15/4))* 60

= 12 kmph

Speed of man in still water u = (a + b)

Speed of man in still water = (12 + 4)* = 8 kmph

4) A streamer takes 3hr to cover a distance of 24km upstream, if the rate of stream
is 3 kmph. Then find the speed of streamer in still water.

Solution:

Upstream speed = 24/3 =8kmph

Rate of stream = 3kmph

Speed of streamer rate of stream = upstream

Speed of streamer = 11kmph

5) The distance between two points is 36km. A boat rows in still water at 6kmph, it
takes 8hr less to cover dist in downstream in comparison to that in upstream. Find
the rate of stream.

Solution:

Time = distance * speed

Difference between time taken to cover upstream and downstream is 8hr

(36/(6-x)) (36/(6+x)) = 8

36(6+x) 36(6-x) = 8(36-x2)

9x = 36- x2

x2+9x-36 = 0 (to find value of x use quadratic equation technique)

(x+12)(x-3)=0

Speed cannot be negative so x = 3kmph

Rate of stream = 3kmph

P- Principal
R- Rate of interest
T- Time
A Amount
S.I- simple interest
Formulas:
I) Simple interest = (P*R*T)/100
II) A = P + S.I.
III) P =(100*A)/(100 + (RT))
IV) The annual payment that will discharge a debt of Rs. X due in T years at the
rate of interest R% per annum is (100X)/ (100T + ((RT(T-1))/2 ))
V) If sum of money become x times in T years at SI , the rate of interest is
given by (100X(X-1)/T)%

Problems:
1. Rs.800 becomes Rs.965 in 3 years at a certain simple interest. If the rate of
interest is increased by 4%, what amount will Rs.800 become in 3 years?
Solution :

increase in interest in 3 years due to increase in rate by 4%

Simple interest = (P*R*T)/100
=(800*3*4)/100 = 96

Total amount, at the end of 3 years = 965+96 = 1052 Rs

2. Raj borrowed some money at the rate of 4p.c.p.a for the first 3 years, at the
rate of 8p.c.p.a for the next 2 years and the rate of 9p.c.p.a for the period
beyond 5 years . if he pays a total simple interest of Rs.19,550 at the end of 7
years, how much money did he borrow?
Solution:
((P*4*3)/100) + ((P*8*2)/100) + ((P*9*2)/100) =19550
P=(19550*100)/46 = 42,500
3.Arjun borrowed a sum of Rs.30,000. He took a part of it at 12% per annum
rate of simple interest and the remaining at 10% per annum. At the end of two
years, he returned Rs.36,480 and discharge his loan. What was the sum
borrowed at 12% per annum rate of interest?
Solution:
Considrer one part of money as x
((x*12*2)/100) + (((30000-X)*10*2)/100) = 6480
(4X/100) = 6480 -6000
X=12000
4.A sum of Rs. 2900 amount to Rs.3422 in 3 years at simple interest. If the
interest rate were increased by 3%. What would be it amount in same period?

Solution:
A = P + S.I.
SI = 3422-2900 = 522
R=(522*100)/(3*2900) = 6%
Increase in interest rate = 3+6 = 9%
SI =(2900*3*9)/100 = 783
Amount = 2900+783 = 3683
Sample problems are here, more problems will be added soon .
Compound interest
By Karikalan - February 27, 2015

Formulas:

CI Compound interest

A amount

I) CI = A P or p(1-(1+(R/100))T)

II) A = p(1+(R/100))T

III) If the interest is payable half yearly , then time is multiplied by 2 and the rate is
halved .

i.e. A = p(1+((R/2)/100) 2T

IV) If the interest is payable Quarterly , then time is multiplied by 4 and the rate is
divided by 4.

i.e. A = p(1+((R/2)/100)) 4T

V) When interest is compounded annually but time is in fraction, says 5years

then A = p(1+(R/100))5 (1+((R*2/3)/100))

VI) If the difference between SI and CI on a certain sum of money for 2 years at R%
per is D. then the sum(principal) is

P = (D*1002)/R2

VII) If the difference between SI and CI on a certain sum of money for 3 years at R%
per is D. then the sum(principal) is

P = (D*1003)/(R2(R+300))

VII) If a sum A becomes B in T1 years at compound rate of interest, then after T2

years the sum becomes

(B)(T2/T1)/(A)(T2/T1 -1)

Problems :

1) The SI accrued on an amount of Rs 14,800 at the end of 3 years is Rs 6,216.

What would be the compound interest accrued on the same amount at the same
rate in the same period?

Solution:

R =(SI *100)/ (P*T)

R =(6216*100)/(14800*3) = 14

Now we have to find compound interest

(usual method:

CI = p(1-(1+(R/100))T)

= 14800(1-(1+(14/100)))

findind (14/100) is lengthy process and it takes time we can

do in alternate method)

14800 *(14/100) = 2072 * 3 = 6216

2072 *(14/100) = 290.08 * 3 = 870.24

290.08 *(14/100) = 40.61 * 1 = 40.61

6216 + 870.24 + 40.61 = 7126.85

CI = 7126.85

2) Rahul invested Rs 35,500 in a scheme which earns him simple interest at the rate
of 15p.c.p.a for 2 years. At the end of two years he reinvests the principal amount
plus interest earned in another scheme which earns him compound interest at the
rate of 20p.c.p.a. what will be the total interest earned by Rahul over the principal
amount at the end of 5 years?

Solution:

SI = (P*R*T)/100

SI =(35500*15*2)/100 = 10650

Amount = 35500 + 10650 = 46150

now compound interest is calculated for sum 46150

46150 *(20/100) = 9230 * 3 = 27690

9230 *(20/100) = 1846 * 3 = 5538

1846 *(20/100) = 368.2 * 1 = 362.8

CI = 27690 + 5538 + 362.8 = 33590.8

Total interest = SI + CI = 10650 + 33590.8 = 44240.8

3) Sudharshan invested Rs 15,000 at interest @ 10p.c.p.a. for one year if the

interest is compounded every six months what amount will sudharshan get at the
end of the year?

Solution:

if interest is compounded quarterly divide interest by 2 and multiply years

by 2

Interest is compounded half yearly(10/2) = 5%

Period = 1* 2 = 2 years

15000 *(5/100) = 750 * 2 = 1500

750 *(5/100) = 36.5 *1 = 36.5

Compound interest = 1500 + 36.5 = 1536.5

Amount = 15000 + 1536.5 = 16536.5

4) What will be the difference in Simple and compound interest on Rs 2000 after 3
years at the rate of 10 percent per annum?

Solution:

D =(PR2(100+R))/1003

D =(2000*102(300+10))/1003= 62

5) At what rate of CI per annum does a sum of money amount to Rs 4840 in 2 years
and Rs 5324 in 3 years

solution:

Rate of interest =(Difference in amount/first amount)*100

R =((5324-4840)/4840)*100= (484/4840)*100

R = 10%

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