Media in Pakistan

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Introduction
A.
Freedom of speech: Human Right
B.
Evolution of Media
Media in Pakistan: Types
a).
Print Media, the oldest
b).
Electronic Media, the strongest
c).
Growing Social Media
Positive Contribution of Media in Pakistan:
a).
People are more Informed
b).
Provision of quality entertainment.
c).
Educating the public on political and constitutional issues.
d).
Became the torchbearer of freedom of judiciary.
e).
Pinpointing corruption
f).
Raising voice on social issues
Negative Role of Media in Pakistan:
a).
Fabricated news aired
b).
Unnecessary hype created
c).
Absence of media ethics
d).
Protect vested interests
e).
Conducting media trials on sub-judice issues
f).
neglect of real issues like health, education
Suggestions for Improving the Role of Media in Pakistan:
a).
Ban on debates on sub-judice issues
b).
Self Accountability by media itself.
c.
Reasonable regulation by Government.
Conclusion

FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN

1. Introduction
a. Evolution of State
b. Birth of democracy: Liberalism
2. Working of democracy in Pakistan.
a. Constitutionally protected system
b. Functional at all the tiers (Federal, Provincial, and Local
government)
3. Threats to the future of democracy in Pakistan:
a. Personalization of politics
b. Absence of meaningful electoral reforms
c. Lack of education in people
d. Intervention by Military
e. Unabated corruption
f. Deadlocks on ethnic and regional issues
4. Positive prospects for future of democracy in Pakistan
a. 58-2B finished
b. High treason redefined
c. Military becoming mature
d. Vibrant media and civil society
e. Dynamic role of social media
f. Improvement in education
g. A return towards local Government system
5. Conclusion.

EMERGING POWER OF SOCIAL MEDIA

1. Introduction.
a. Man is a social animal
b. Invention of Computer and digital technologies.

2.
3.

Overview of Growth of Social Media.

The significant impacts of the emerging power of social
media:
a. Became the primary source of information
b. Creating consciousness by education
c. Acting as major source of entertainment
d. State institutions focusing on Social media
e. Promoting the accountability in Society
f. Increasing family connections
g. Accelerated process of globalization
h. Causing revolutions
4.
Some negative aspects of the unbridled power of social
media:
a. Eliminated privacy of users
b. Prevalence of cyber crimes
c. Total distortion of news
d. Promoted hate speck and violence.
e. Inaccurate picture of public opinion: Electoral upsets etc
5.
Conclusion.

HIGHER EDUCATION: AGENT OF CHANGE

1. Introduction.
a. Man only creation having intellectual faculties
b. Education equips with basic tools to live
2. Concept of Higher Education.
3. How Higher Education acts as an agent of change?
a. Results in inventions and discoveries: scientific advancements

b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

4.

Creates consciousness among citizens

Plays important role in challenging dogmas in society
Improve labour efficiency and GDP growth
Educational institutions act as a think tank.
Produces opinion leaders like Karl Marx
Emergence of USA as superpower owes everything to Higher
education
h. Accountability has direct link with Higher education: Study of
South Korea and Ireland
i. Change in Pakistan absent due to lack of attention towards
Higher education
Suggestions to make Higher education more effective:
a. A higher share of GDP be spent on Higher education.
b. More institutions with qualified faculty
c. Focus on quality research
d. Attractive scholarships for students.
e. Defining priority areas by sound manpower planning
5. Conclusion

Democracy in Pakistan
1.
2.
3.

4.

Introduction
a.
Man is a political animal
b.
Evolution of state
The concept of democracy
Democratic evolution in Pakistan:
a.
Initial phase upto 1958
b.
Bhuttos era from 1971 to 1977
c.
Leg pulling politics from 1988 to 1999
d.
The current phase 20008 onwards
Features of Democracy in Pakistan
a.
Democracy recognized in Constitution

b.
c.

Parliamentary form of Government

Present at all tiers of Government (federal, provincial and

local)
5.

6.

d.
Attaining maturity
Grey areas of democracy in Pakistan:
a.
Personalization of Politics in Pakistan
b.
Indifference of the Pubic
c.
Poor delivery of service: Corruption scandals
d.
Leg pulling in Politics: Criticism for the sake of criticism
How to improve the working of democracy in Pakistan?
a.
Creating consciousness in the public through education
b.
Meaningful empowerment of local bodies
c.
Strict accountability for restoring public confidence in the

system
7.

d.
Implementation of electoral reforms
Conclusion

Free Speech Should Have Limitations.

1.

2.
3.

Introduction
a.
Mental faculties are gift of God
b.
Man born with inalienable rights.
The concept of free speech
Why free speech should have limitations?
a.
Libel, Slander, Character assassination cannot be allowed
b.
Pseudo intellectuals misguide the people
c.
Hate speech under the guise of free speech not tolerable
d.
Promotion of anti social and immoral content not permissible
e.
Anti state activities cannot be allowed as free speech
f.
Spreading rumors creating hype cannot be granted permission
g.
Misuse of freedom of speech caused Weapons of Mass
destruction hoax and
destruction in Iraq.
h.
Media misusing freedom of speech

4.

What should be the limitations on free speech?

a.
Character assassination should be penalised
b.
Anti state speech to be regulated
c.
Strict monitoring of hate speech
d.
Awareness in people of true concept of freedom
e.
Media regulation
Conclusion

5.

Why has democracy failed to deliver in Pakistan?

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
a.

Introduction
a. Man is a political animal
b. Evolution of States and democracy
The concept of democracy
Overview of democracy in Pakistan.
Reasons of failure of democracy in Pakistan:
a.
The cancer of Regionalism
b.
Weakness of Middle class
c.
Uncalled for army intervention in civilian affairs
d.
Immature and Corrupt politicians
e.
Rigging and lack of electoral reforms
f.
Lack of political consciousness in the people
g.
Personalization of politics
h.
Lack of accountability
i.
Absence of effective local government system
How to make democracy workable in Pakistan?
Establishing Presidential form of Government like USA

b.
Inculcating political consciousness in the masses
education
c.
Positive role of media and civil society
d.
Promoting culture of accountability and transparency
e.
Introduction of meaningful electoral reforms.
f.
Responsible role by politicians themselves
6.
Conclusion.

Efforts by Government of Pakistan for empowerment of women

1.

2.
3.

4.

Introduction
a.
Women around 50% of population
b.
Playing an important role
c.
Denied rights
Overview of the concept of Women Empowerment.
Efforts by Government of Pakistan for Women Empowerment:
a.
Constitution grants equal rights
b.
Inheritance assured under laws
c.
Separate educational institutions established
d.
Allocation of quotas in jobs and representative bodies
e.
Adverse provisions of Hudood laws repealed
f.
Legislative initiatives on barbaric antiwomen customs
g.
Laws on harassment and cyber crimes formulated
h.
Introduction of first women bank
i.
Encouragement in Sports.
j.
Promotion of women participation in international forums
Grey areas regarding women empowerment in Pakistan:
a.
Inheritance practically denied
b.
Gender based violence still unabated

through

c.
Political participation is not meaningful
d.
Poor attention towards health and education of women
5.
Suggestions for Women empowerment:
a.
Implementation of laws in letter and spirit.
b.
Need to focus on educational attainment and health of the
women
c.
Political participation should be made meaningful
d.
Creating awareness in the society for the cause of women
empowerment
6.
Conclusion.

Accountability reduces corruption and this leads to progress and

development.
1.
Introduction
a.
Corruption is a cancer
b.
Absolute power corrupts absolutely.
2.
Overview of the concept of accountability.
3.
How accountability reduces corruption
a.
Direct punishment are awarded
b.
Creates deterrence for future
c.
Transparency in society emerges
4.
How accountability leads to progress and development:
a.
People get access to opportunities.
b.
Sincere leadership emerges with a vision
c.
Democracy is strengthened
d.
Global image improves: Better trade relations
e.
Investor confidence boasts: Inflow of FDI and capital flight stops
f.
Public sector delivery improves.
g.
GDP growth takes place.
h.
Lavish Expenditures are controlled
i.
Tax evasion ends: Debt trap breaks
5.
Accountability lead to prosperity: Examples from the western world.

6.
7.

8.

Lack of accountability causes backwardness: Case of Pakistan

How to promote Accountability culture.
a.
Impartial Judiciary
b.
Consciousness in Public through education
c.
Active role of media
d.
Role of civil society.
Conclusion.