Bioactive compounds - A type of chemical found in small amounts in plants and certain

foods (such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, oils, and whole grains). Bioactive compounds
have actions in the body that may promote good health. They are being studied in the
prevention of cancer, heart disease, and other diseases. Examples of bioactive
compounds include lycopene, resveratrol, lignan, tannins, and indoles.

Terpenoids - The terpenoids sometimes called isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class
of naturally occurring organic chemicals similar to terpenes, derived from five-carbon
isoprene units assembled and modified in thousands of ways. The steroids and sterols in
animals are biologically produced from terpenoid precursors. Sometimes terpenoids are
added to proteins, e.g., to enhance their attachment to the cell membrane; this is known
as isoprenylation.
Flavonoids Flavonoids are widely distributed in plants, fulfilling many functions.
Flavonoids are the most important plant pigments for flower coloration, producing yellow
or red/blue pigmentation in petals designed to attract pollinator animals. In higher plants,
flavonoids are involved in UV filtration, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and floral
pigmentation.
Glycosides In chemistry, a glycoside /laksad/ is a molecule in which a sugar is
bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides play numerous
important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive
glycosides. These can be activated by enzyme hydrolysis,[1] which causes the sugar part
to be broken off, making the chemical available for use.
Alkaloids - Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria,
fungi, plants, and animals. They can be purified from crude extracts of these organisms
by acid-base extraction. Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological activities
including antimalarial, antiasthma, anticancer,
Quinines - Quinine is a medication used to prevent and treat malaria and to treat
babesiosis.[2] This includes the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum that
is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available.[2][3] While used for restless
legs syndrome, it is not recommended for this purpose. It can be taken by mouth or used
intravenously. Malaria that is resistant to quinine occurs in certain areas of the world.[2]
Some quantities are also used in tonic water and gives it its bitter taste.
Phenols Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the
molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule
consists of a phenyl group (C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH). It is mildly acidic
and requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns.
Tannins A tannin (or tannoid) is an astringent, polyphenolic biomolecule that binds to
and precipitates proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids
and alkaloids.
Saponins - Saponins are a class of chemical compounds found in particular abundance
in various plant species. More specifically, they are amphipathic glycosides grouped
phenomenologically by the soap-like foaming they produce when shaken in aqueous
solutions, and structurally by having one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties
combined with a lipophilic triterpene derivative.[1][2]
Coumarin - Coumarin (/kumrn/; 2H-chromen-2-one) is a fragrant organic chemical
compound in the benzopyrone chemical class, which is a colorless crystalline substance
in its standard state. It is a natural substance found in many plants.