Compression Members

(Lacing Design)
Example: A column is subjected to an axial force of 2000 kN.
Design the column cross-section with two rolled steel sections
placed toe to toe and laced with flats. Take effective length of
column as 7.50 in both directions. Use Fe410 Grade Steel.
Given, Pu = 2000 kN required
Leff = 7.50 m in both directions
(A) Member Design:
(1) Assuming Initial Section:
Assume fcd in the range of 0.4 to 0.6 fy.
Adopt fcd = 150 MPa
Area of member required = (2000 x 103)/150
= 13333 mm2
Selecting Trial Section, ISMC 400.
Section Properties of ISMC 400.
A = 6300
mm2
h = 400
mm
b = 100
mm
tf = 15.3
mm
tw = 8.60
mm
cy = 24.20
mm
Iyy = 504.8
cm4
Izz = 15082.8
cm4
rz = 154.80
mm
ry = 28.30
mm
g = 60
mm
R = 15
mm

Here Izz,bu Iyy,bu

To calculate distance s, we assumeIzz,bu = Iyy,bu
2 x [Iyy + A (s/2)2] = 2 x Izz
[504.8 x 104 + 6300 x s2/4] = 15082.8 x 104
Solving this,s = 304.23 mm
Back to back distance = 24.2 + 304.23 + 24.2
= 352.63 mm
Adopt back to back distance = 360 mm
Calculation of properties for builtup section:
Izz,bu = 2 x [Iyy + A (s/2)2]
= 2 x [504.8 x 104 + 6300 x (360 - 2 x 24.2)2/4]
= 31594.4 x 104 mm4
Iyy,bu = 2 x Izz
A,bu = 2 x A
4
= 2 x 15082.8 x 10
= 2 x 6300
4
4
= 30165.6 x 10 mm
= 12600 mm4
rzz,bu= sqrt(Izz,bu / A,bu)
ryy,bu= sqrt(Iyy,bu / A,bu)
= 158.3 mm
= 154.72 mm
(2) Section Classification:
= (250/fy)0.50 = 1
b/tf = 100 / 15.3
= 6.53 < 9.40

Table-2,
Pg-18

d/tw = [400 - 2 (15.3+15)] / 8.6

= 39.4 < 42
Hence, Section is Plastic.

(3) Effective Length Factors

kz = ky = 1

Table-11
Pg-45

(4) Minimum Slenderness Ratio:

min = k L / rmin x 1.05
= 1.0 x 7500 / 154.72 x 1.05
= 50.89 < 180

Cl 7.6.1.5
Pg-48

(5) Buckling Class:

For built up section,
Buckling class is c

Table-10,
Pg-44

(6) Imperfection factor:

= 0.49

Table-7,
Pg-35

(7) Design Compressive Stress:

fcd = 183.6 MPa

Table-9(c)
Pg-42

(8) Design Strength of Member:

Pd = Ae x fcd
= 12600 x 183.6 x 10-3
= 2314 kN

Cl 7.1.2
Pg-34

(B) Lacing Design:

Assume a single lacing system with the inclination of bar = 45
(1) Check for slenderness ratio of lacing:
Cl 7.6.5.1
Horizontal distance between gauge line of
Pg-50
channels = 360 2 x 60
= 240 mm
Lo = 2 x 240
= 480 mm

Lo / ryy = 480 / 28.3

= 16.96 <50. Hence OK
0.7 x unfavorable of member as whole
= 0.7 x 50.89
= 35.62 Lo/ryy. Hence OK
So lacing pattern satisfies local buckling
criteria.
(2) Design of Lacing:
Max shear carried by lacing,
V = 2.5 / 100 x 2000
Cl 7.6.6.1
= 50 kN
Pg-50
So transverse shear in each section of panel
=V/N
3

= 25 kN
Compressive force in lacing bars
C = 25 / cos45
= 35.35 kN
Assume M16 bolts of 4.6 grade.
Min. width of lacing bars
= 3 x dia. of bolt
= 3 x 16
= 48mm. Adopting 55 mm
Min. thickness of lacing bars
= 1/40th of Leff
= 1/40 x 240 x sqrt(2)
= 8.48 mm. Adopting 9 mm

Cl 7.6.2
Pg-50

Cl 7.6.3
Pg-50

Final lacing bar dimension is 55mm x 9mm.

(3) Check for Compression Capacity:
rmin= t / sqrt(12)
= 2.60 mm
Leff / rmin = 240 x sqrt(2) / 2.60
= 130.64 < 145
For any solid section, buckling class is c
Design Compressive Stress,
fcd = 72.7 MPa
Design Strength of Lacing bar:
Pd = Ae x fcd
= 55 x 9 x 72.7 x 10-3
= 36 kN> 35.5 kN
Hence OK
(4) Check for Tensile Capacity:
Tension Capacity,
T = 0.9 An fu / m1
= 0.9 x [(55 - 18) x 9] x 410 / 1.25
= 95.9 kN> 25 kN.
Hence OK
OR
T = Ag fy / m0
= 55 x 9 x 250 / 1.10
= 112.5 kN> 25 kN.
Hence OK
(5) Connection Design:
Edge distance, e = 1.70 x do
= 1.70 x 18

Cl 7.6.6.3
Pg-50
Table-10
Pg-44
Table-9(c)
Pg-42
Cl 7.1.2
Pg-34

Cl 6.3.1
Pg-32

Cl 6.2
Pg-32

= 30.6mm.
Adopt e = 35mm
Strength of 1 bolt in double shear
fub
V dsb =
( nn A nb+ ns A sb )
3 mb

400

2 0.78 16 2
4
3 1.25

57 kN
Strength of 1 bolt in bearing
1
e
V dpb =
2.5 k b d t f u , where k b =
mb
3 do

Cl10.3.3
Pg-75

Cl 10.3.4
Pg-75

1
2.5 0.64 16 9 410
1.25

75.57 kN
Bolt Capacity = 57 kN> 35.5 kN reqd.
Hence only 1 bolt is required.
(6) Tie Plates:
Provide Tie plate of size 360 x 450 x 9 thick
with 6 bolts of M16 on each face.