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Abstract:
Theprocessstartedwith0.5goftetramethylammoniumiodideispreparedandthenis
mixedwith0.6gofiodine.Thecompoundarethenaddedby12mLof95%ofethanol.The
compoundthenwentthroughacrystallizationprocesswhichproduce0.9gofpurplecrystal.
Withthisbeingstatedtheamountofiodineeffectthecolorofthecrystalsbeingproduced.
Purpose:
Thepurposeofthisexperimentistoseehowtheamountofsubstancethatisplaceinto
thesolutionwillhaveanimpactonthecolorofcrystals.
Introduction:
Crystallizationisatechniqueusedtopurifysubstance.Itisafundamentalpurification
techniquethatscientistneedstomaster.Itisaprocesswhereacompoundofliquidisheatedto
formcrystaloutofliquid,orinothercasesgascoulddirectlybecondensedintocrystaldueto
[1]
chemicalreaction.
Theaimofthepurificationistogetthemostoutofthe%yield.The%yield
ishowpurethesubstancesinpercent.The%yielddependsupontheaccuracyofthe
measurementandtime.
Materials:
Tetramethylammoniumiodide
Iodine(crystal)
Beaker
Testtube
Epitube
Graduatedcylinder
Stirringrod
Heater
Suctionfiltration
Ethanol
Washglass
Scale
Hexane
Procedure:
1.Usethepaperforweighingout0.5g.tetramethylammoniumiodide,thenpouritintothethe
beaker.
2.UsearodtostirMe4N/Nandbreakittosmallerpieces.
3.Weight0.6gofiodineandpouritintothebeaker.
4.Measureout12mLof95%ethanolandit.
5.Slowlyheatthebeaker.Theyboilsfast.Theyboilatlowtemperature.
6.Slowlyremovethebeakerfromheatsources.Dontdisturbit.Waitforittocooldownand
formcrystal.
7.Aftertheproductisformed,Putitintotheicetubtoformmorecrystal.
8.Whilewaiting,setupyoursuctionfiltration.
9.Putthecrystalsonwhatwehavesetup.
10.Purifyitwith2x7mL.ofhexaneMax5x.
11.Takecrystalsouttoweight.
Data/Results
**addpic
ChemicalSubstances(Reactant)
Amount
Tetramethylammoniumtriiodide
0.90g
Crystalsstarttoformupobviouslyafterheat
up,cooldownthetemperatureofthesolution
thatcontains12mL.of95%Ethanol,
Tetramethylammoniumiodideandiodine.
Thenputthebeakerintocoldwater.
ClearthesolutionbyHexanetogetonly
crystals.
Takeoutclearcrystalsandputthemonwash
glass.
Measureweightofthecrystals.
crystalweight=0.90g
Calculation:
= 201.05amu
1molMe N +I
4
0.5gMe4N +I 201.05gMe
= 2.49103molMe4N +I
N +I
4
1mol[MeN +]I
M olecularMassofI 2
= (2)(126.91)
= 253.82amu
1molI
1mol[MeN +]I3
1molI2
M olecularMassof[MeN +]I 3
2.36103mol[MeN +]I 3
454.97g[MeN +]I3
1mol[MeN +]I3
actualyield
P ercentY ield = theoreticalyield
100
0.90
P ercentY ield = 1.074
100
Discussion:
= (1)(74.14) + (3)(126.91)
= 1.074g[MeN +]I 3
= 454.97amu
To
separatesuspendedsolidmatterfromaliquid
,wewillusetheprocesscalledfiltration.
Therearetwotypesoffiltration,whicharesuctionfiltrationandgravityfiltration.Suction
filtrationisaprocessforseparatingasolidproductfromasolventorliquidreactionmixture.The
mixtureofsolidandliquidispouredthroughafilterpaperinaBuchnerfunnel.Thesolidis
trappedbythefilterandtheliquidisdrawnthroughthefunnelintotheflaskbelow,bya
[2]
vacuum.
Gravityfiltrationistheprocesstoremovesolidimpuritiesfromanorganicliquid.The
impuritycanbeadryingagentoranundesiredsideproductorleftoverreactant.Gravityfiltration
canbeusedtocollectsolidproduct,althoughgenerallysuctionfiltrationisusedforthispurpose
[3]
becauseitisfaster.
Accordingtotheexperiment,
thereare0.6gand1.3gofiodine.Eachof
themgetsaspecificcolor,0.6ggetspurplecrystalsand1.3ggetsgreencrystalsandthatis
becausetheamountofiodineisusedtodeterminethestructureofcrystals.Theloweramountof
iodinecanonlyformtriiodide,whilethehigheramountcanformuptopentaiodide.Sinceeach
amountofiodineformdifferentstructure,itwillalsogetdifferentcolorandtherewillbesome
greencrystalassociatedwithpurplecrystalsthecolorofcrystalbecausethefollowingreaction
cannotcontrol100%ofthestructure,sothesideproductfromthisreactionwouldbeseenas
greenishcolor.Thus,thecolorofcrystalisduetotheamountofiodine.Ourpercentyieldis
83.79%.Itshowsthatwemade83.79%ofwhatweshouldhavemade,whichisconsideredina
goodratebecausetheoutcomecameoutnottoolowandshowsthatsomeoftheproducthaslost
duringtheprocess.However,
the
reactantdidnotdissolveeasybecauseifitdissolveeasyit
willbeeasyforthesolutiontoassociatewithcompound,whichmadetheprocessof
crystallisationhardtooccur.
Conclusion:
0.90gofTetramethylammoniumtriiodidewasmadewithayieldof
83.79
%
References(SERN):
1.B.A.,Ryane.LabInstructor,Chemistry11,Section5.(MahidolUniversity
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DemonstrationInternationalSchool:NakornPatom,Thailand.).December2015.
2.
Crystallization.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember18,2015,from
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http://orgchem.colorado.edu/
3.
Suctionfiltration.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember18,2015,from
https://en.wikipedia.org/
4.
GravityFiltration.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember18,2015,from
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http://www.chemilp.net/labTechniques/