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transformer,
the
breaking system,
the
fuses.
date
10/9
33
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04/20
Merlin Gerin Square D Telemecanique
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Medium voltage fuses used in MV/LV substations are coordinated with the
output rating of the transformer.
Their time/current characteristics are designed to protect medium voltage
distribution systems from transformer faults and low voltage faults upstream
of LV protection devices.
The fuses may be simply connected in series with the switch-disconnector
or equipped with strikers in a fuse-switch combination to automatically
open the switch when a fuse blows, thereby preventing continued operation
on one or two remaining phases.
In a transformer protection cubicle, the fuse-switch combination can be
replaced by a circuit breaker.
1 - RULES GOVERNING
FUSE SELECTION
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page 2
2 - SOME DEFINITIONS
SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
Rated voltage Ur
The highest phase-to-phase voltage (in kV) of the system on which the fuse
is installed
Short-circuit current Ik
The maximum current in the event of a three-phase short-circuit on the system
TRANSFORMER CHARACTERISTICS:
We write:
Rms value of the rated current Irt
P
Irt =
Us 3
Short-circuit voltage Uk (%)
The supply voltage for which the short-circuit current is equal to Int,
expressed as a percentage of the rated voltage.
Short-circuit current Ik
The current corresponding to a solid short-circuit across the terminals of the
secondary winding of the transformer.
Irt x 100
Ik =
Uk %
Transformer inrush current Ie
Ie = the peak transient current when the transformer is energised.
X = Ie
Irt
Time constant t0
The time constant for the damping of the transient conditions that occur
when the transformer is energised.
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page 3
2 - SOME DEFINITIONS
FUSE CHARACTERISTICS:
(contd)
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page 4
3 - CRITERIA APPLICABLE
TO THE SELECTION OF
FUSES FOR THE
PROTECTION OF
TRANSFORMERS
The rated voltage of the fuse Urf (in kV) must be greater
than or equal to the rated voltage of the system.
Urf Ur
It must be respect the operating voltage tolerances specified by the fuse
manufacturer (an excessively high rated fuse voltage could result in high
overvoltages on the system when the fuse blows).
I rf Irt
continuous transformer overloads
If the transformer is required to operate with a continuous overload, i.e. for
a period of several hours or more, the fuse rating must be greater than or
equal to 1.3 I overload.
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33
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We choose:
Irf 1.3 Ioverload
page 5
3 - CRITERIA APPLICABLE
TO THE SELECTION OF
FUSES FOR THE
PROTECTION OF
TRANSFORMERS (contd)
25
50
100
125
160
200
250
315
400
500
630
800
1,000
1,250 1,600
2,000
2,500
0.1
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.2
0.22
0.22
0.25
0.25
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.35
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.45
15
14
14
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
10
10
Uk %
Ie/Ir
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page 6
4 - FUSE CHARACTERISTICS
IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE TYPE OF CUBICLE
FUSED SWITCH, WITH THE FUSE AND SWITCH CONNECTED IN SERIES AND
OPERATING INDEPENDENTLY (EX. PM CUBICLE)
The switch interrupts its rated current under normal operating conditions
(100 interruptions at a power factor of 0.7).
The fuses protect against short-circuits.
The fuses are not equipped with striker releases and the switch is therefore
not opened automatically when a fuse blows.
Switch opening is initiated by the fuses near the transition point of a 3-phase
fault. The fastest fuse blows, thereby interrupting one of the phases, and its
striker commands the opening of the switch.
The two remaining phases are then faced with a lower current (87%) which
will be interrupted either by the switch or by the remaining two fuses. The
transition point is where the switch opens at the same time as the remaining
two fuses blow. At this point, the switch takes over from the fuses, thereby
defining the minimum breaking capacity required for the switch.
date
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page 7
4 - FUSE CHARACTERISTICS
IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE TYPE OF CUBICLE
t (s)
(contd)
transition
point
0.9 x the opening time
of the switch by the fuses
(this opening time is
0.04 s for the SM6,
0.06 for the RM6)
I (A)
Itransfer
I40
fuse striker commands
opening of the switch
MV/LV
transformer
LV
fuse
load
Z
I1 Irf I3
Ik
I r Ie
Ir
I1
BC
Itransfer
BC
Ik
Isc
I40
Imini fuse blow
Ie
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fuse
date
switch
Irf
transformer
I3
min. interrupting
current
Irt
Remark: all the currents are expressed as rms values except for the
current Ie, which is expressed as a peak value.
page 8
4 - FUSE CHARACTERISTICS
IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE TYPE OF CUBICLE
(contd)
Breaking capacity = BC
(A)
2,600
2,400
2,200
2,000
1,800
1,600
Itransferfor 15 kV
Us
(kV)
1,400
0
10
15
20
25
date
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33
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page 9
5 - APPLICATION
EXAMPLES
LET US CHECK THAT THE FUSE 31.5 AMPS IS SITTING 20 KV/630 KVAMPS
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
determination of the transformer characteristics
Ie = 198 Amps
Ik = 450 Amps
Irt = 18 Amps
date
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page 10
5 - APPLICATION
EXAMPLES (contd)
transformer
Int
Ie
fuse
Irf
Isc
I3
Iminifufu
I40
I1
switch
Itransfer
315 kVA
Fusarc CF
9A
25 A
41 A
108 A
130 A
210 A
630 kVA
Fusarc CF
18 A
31.5 A
101 A
198 A
160 A
630 kVA
Fusarc CF
18 A
40 A
135 A
198 A
210 A
360 A
230 A
T
Ie = X Irt
X = 11 (see page 6)
630
3 20
40 kA
R
25
50
40 kA
Irt 100
4
(see page 3)
See fuse
documentation
450 A
type of
fuse
100
125
160
rated
voltage
200
250
315
400
63
63
500
630
800
6.3
16
31.5 31.5 63
63
63
10
6.3
6.3
16
16
63
63
63
7.2
15
6.3
6.3
16
16
16
16
16
43
43
43
43
43
63
20
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
16
16
16
16
43
43
43
43
43
24
63
16
16
63
100
100
7.2
5.5
6.3
16
16
31.5 31.5 63
63
63
80
80
100
125
6.6
6.3
16
16
16
31.5 31.5 43
43
63
80
100
125
125
10
6.3
6.3
16
16
16
43
63
80
80
100
12
13.8
6.3
6.3
6.3
16
16
16
16
63
63
80
17.5
15
6.3
6.3
16
16
16
16
16
43
63
80
20
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
16
16
16
16
43
63
22
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
16
16
16
16
16
63
24
63
Fusarc CF
3,3
16
25
40
50
80
80
100
125
5,5
10
16
31,5 31,5 40
50
50
63
80
100
125
125
160
160
6,6
10
10
6,3
16
10
25
16
31,5 40
20
25
50
50
31,5 40
63
50
80
50
80
63
100
80
125
80
125
100
160
100
13,8
6,3
10
16
16
20
25
31,5 31,5 40
50
50
63
80
80
15
20
6,3
6,3
10
6,3
10
10
16
10
16
16
20
16
25
25
31,5 40
50
25
31,5 40
50
40
63
50
80
50
80
63
22
6,3
6,3
10
10
10
16
20
25
31,5 40
40
50
50
50
25
7,2
125 200
12
100 125 125 17.5
100 125 125
80
100
125 24
80
80
100
date
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33
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page 11
5 - APPLICATION
EXAMPLES (contd)
T (s)
4
40 A
50 A
63 A
80 A
100 A
10
8
6
4
31,5 A
10 A
16 A
20 A
25 A
6,3 A
10
8
6
4
2
2
10
8
6
4
2
1
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
8
6
4
2 0,3
-1
10
8
6
4
0,036
2
-2
10
8
6
4
date
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04/200
I (A)
160 210
10
8 10
4
I40 = 360
8 10
8 10
6 - IDENTIFICATION
PLATE
fuses
see reference list
IEC 62271-105 :2002
04 03 006 u
fixed indications
} serial indication
reference list, he must ensure with the technical department that the fuses installed
are compatible with the requirements of IEC 62 271-105, the performance of the
SM6 switch and the cubicle environment (heat dissipation).
7 - SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
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page 13
8 - BIBLIOGRAPHY
STANDARDS
UTE C64-210 (May 1994)
Appareillage haute tension pour courant alternatif.
Fusibles haute tension pour postes de transformation public de type
intrieur.
UTE C13-100 (April 2001)
Postes de livraison tablis lintrieur dun btiment et aliments par un
rseau de distribution publique de deuxime catgorie.
UTE C13-200 (April 1987)
Installations lectriques haute tension : rgles
IEC 60 288-1 (January 2002)
Current-limiting fuses.
PUBLICATIONS
Merlin Gerin Cahier Technique publication no. 155
MV public distribution networks throughout the world by Christian Puret
(ENSERG).
Merlin Gerin Cahier Technique publication no. 128
Design and utilisation of MV limiting fuses by Olivier Bouilliez (Centrale Lyon).
Merlin Gerin Cahier Technique publication no. 70
Guide dutilisation des transformateurs de distribution by Guy Bournerie
(ENSIEG).
Merlin Gerin Catalogue
MV distribution factory built assemblies - SM6 range.
Merlin Gerin Catalogue
MV distribution switchgear fuses Fusarc Solefuse.
MV fuse brochures
Driescher, Wickmann, Siba, Mesa, Siemens, Alsthom.
Revue gnrale dlectricit (June 88 p. 3-11)
Des condensateurs pour tenir la tension et rduire les pertes dans les
rseaux EDF.
Asea Revue 1984 n 3 p. 14-19
Coupe-circuit intrieur pour une plus grande protection.
IEEE power apparat. & syst. (trans.) July 82 p. 2056-60
Characteristics of high-voltage current-limiting fuses for distribution systems.
date
33
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10/9
4
04/200
page 14