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David Hume (1711-1776): An

Enquiry Concerning Human
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Sect. IV. Sceptical Doubts concerning the Operations of the
Understanding

Part I.
20. All the objects of human reason or enquiry may naturally be divided
into two kinds, to wit, Relations of Ideas, and Matters of Fact. Of the
first kind are the sciences of Geometry, Algebra, and Arithmetic; and in
short, every affirmation which is either intuitively or demonstratively
certain. That the square of the hypothenuse is equal to the square of the
two sides, is a proposition which expresses a relation between these
figures. That three times five is equal to the half of thirty, expresses a
relation between these numbers. Propositions of this kind are
discoverable by the mere operation of thought, without dependence on
what is anywhere existent in the universe. Though there never were a
circle or triangle in nature, the truths demonstrated by Euclid would for
ever retain their certainty and evidence.

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