THE GOD ANUBIS:

ICONOGRAPHY AND EPITHETS

I part

AMNTE NOFRE -

THE GOD ANUBIS:

ICONOGRAPHY
(written by Luigi Tripani)

This study is dedicated to the funerary God par excellence of the Egyptian religious tradition, a God
strictly connected with the Osirian cycle and Who has a key role in the Mysteries of Osiris, that are
the most sacred part of the whole Egyptian religion: the God Anubis.
This is the first of a series of studies in which we will analyze the main aspects of the Gods of the
Egyptian religious tradition: the iconography and the divine names. Each document is divided into
two parts: the first part is a collection of images, with a full description, organized according to the
different forms of representation of the Deity in question; the second part is devoted to the epithets,
organized according to the different aspects and the various spheres of influence.
Given the religious and sacred nature of the Egyptian Art, the sources used for the iconographic
section are very different, so there are statues, amulets, images from the Temples, from the Houses
of Eternity , from papyri, sarcophagi, etc.
As for the part dedicated to the divine names, I have relied on the most comprehensive lexicon
about the Gods of the Egyptian religion that has ever been published, the Lexikon der gyptischen
Gtter und Gtterbezeichnungen (LGG), translating the epithets from Hieroglyph to English.

The God Anubis usually is always represented in association with His sacred animal par
excellence, that is the dog/jackal (usually black): and in fact the two most common forms of Anubis
are the anthropomorphic form with the head of dog/jackal, and the zoomorphic form of dog/jackal.
In His zoomorphic form of dog/jackal Anubis usually is represented crouching upon a shrine or a
tomb, and next to Him often there are the flail, the 'sekhem'-scepter, and the 'Udjat'-Eye (sometimes
there is only one of these elements, while other times they are combined).
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The close association of Anubis with the dog/jackal is testified also by His epithets related to the
animal word (as we will see in the second part of this study), for example:
jwjw , the dog,
jwjw km , the black dog,
r n jwjw , face of dog,
and s3b , jackal.
In the Egyptian religion, the most important Gods associated with the canids, in addition to Anubis,
are: the Goddess 'Anupet', the female counterpart of Anubis; the God 'Upuaut' (associated with the
wolf), and 'Sed', the God of the Royal Jubilee; then there are also 'Duamutef' (one of the Four Sons
of Horus), the Divine Souls (b3w) of 'Nekhen'-Hierakonpolis, and the Divine Souls (b3w) of the
West/Netherworld. All the Gods associated with the canids have a close connection with the
funerary rituals and the Netherworld, with the God Osiris, and with the Pharaoh.
Given His funerary and mysteric nature, Anubis is represented mainly in the Temples of Millions
of Years (the funerary Temples), in the Houses of Eternity (the tombs), and on the coffins; on the
Temples the representations of Anubis are more rare but not completely absent; moreover it is
important to notice that often Anubis is represented on the Houses of Birth (the mammisi)
attached to the Temples, and in fact one of the epithets of Anubis is He who strikes the tambourine
in the House of Birth ( sqr tbn m wt xnmt ).
The funerary character of Anubis is evidenced also by the scenes in which He is represented: apart
from the offering scenes, that are common to all the Gods, Anubis is represented especially in the
scenes of the judgment in the Court of Osiris in the afterlife, where is always in connection with the
Balance, and in fact Anubis is the God Who weighs the hearts; moreover in almost all cases Anubis
is also the God Who leads the deceased to the Hall of Judgment of Osiris. Anubis is also present in
all those scenes related to the purification rituals and funeral rites for the deceased assimilated with
the God Osiris.

The iconographic section consists primarily of two parts that comprise the main forms of
representation of the God:
-Anubis in the form of dog/jackal
-Anubis in anthropomorphic form with the head of dog/jackal

Then follows a third part which includes the secondary forms less frequently attested:
-anthropomorphic form
-anthropomorphic form with the head of ram
-Anubis in the form of falcon (and jackal-headed falcon)

Finally, the last part is dedicated to the combined form of Hermanubis (Hermes-Anubis), Who is
represented both in anthropomorphic form than as a dog/jackal-headed man.
For each form of the God are shown first of all the images of Anubis alone, then the scenes of
offerings/adorations, and finally the images where Anubis is represented in association with other
Deities.
In addition to the various forms of Anubis listed here, there are also these forms attested by the
LGG but for which there are no examples in this article:
-anthropomorphic form with the head of a lion, next to the Balance in the scenes of the judgment in
the Court of Osiris
-a great serpent with two wings, each of which ends with a knife, with two knives in the hands,
followed by six snakes that run behind him, three to the right and three at left

The name of the God Anubis written in hieroglyphics: Jnp(w), whose pronunciation preserved in
Coptic is "Anp" (and transliterated in Greek as "Anubis").
Detail from the Temple of King Ramses II at Abydos

I part: Anubis in the form of sacred dog/jackal

the wooden statue of Anubis (wrapped in a linen shawl) on a portable shrine at the entrance to the
treasury of the House of Eternity of King TutankhAmon (KV62)

the wooden statue of Anubis from the House of Eternity of King TutankhAmon (KV62);
wood covered with a black resin, with gilded ears, the nails are made of silver, the eyebrows are
gilded metal, and the eyes are made of calcite and obsidian.
Now in the Cairo Museum...
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one of the statues of the God Anubis (in His form of sacred jackal crouching upon a shrine)
flanking the northern processional way of the Temple of Millions of Years of King Ramses II (the
Ramesseum) at West 'Uaset'-Thebes. Between the paws of Anubis, a statuette of King Ramses II

Anubis, wearing a protective red ribbon around the neck, crouching upon a tomb (with a red door);
to the left, the 'Udjat'-Eye;
detail from the top frieze of the House of Eternity of Nefer-renepet, Chief Scribe of the treasury
of the Temple of Amon-Ra and Scribe of the divine offerings of the House (the Temple) of
Amon;
TT178, west 'Uaset' -Thebes

Anubis, wearing a necklace and a protective red ribbon, crouching upon a tomb (with a red door);
to the right, the flail;
detail from the House of Eternity of Queen Nefertari, Valley of the Queens [QV66], west 'Uaset'
-Thebes

Anubis crouching upon a shrine decorated with 'Djed'-Pillars (the sacred symbol of Osiris) and
'Tyet'-knots (the sacred symbol of Isis); Anubis wears the Double Crown and a red ribbon around
His neck; in front of Him, the 'Sekhem'-Scepter in a vase with two 'menat'-necklaces; in the middle,
the flail; to the left, the 'Udjat'-Eye
Detail from the 'Uschabti'-box of the Highest Great Lady of the Musician-Priestesses of Amon-Ra
at 'Ipet-Sut' (the Precinct of Amon-Ra at 'Uaset'-Thebes), Isetemkheb, sister-wife of the High Priest
of Amon-Ra at 'Ipet-Sut', Pinedjem II (990 BCE)

10

statue of Anubis in His form of sacred dog/jackal,

305-30 BCE; now in the British Museum...

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the God representing the XVII nome of Upper Egypt whose name is Anubis (Kynopolites, whose
capital city is Sk/Kynopolis), kneeling and bringing an offering table with ewers and lotus
flowers; on His head is represented the hieroglyph for the name of the nome.
From the II Hypostyle Hall of the Great Temple of King Sethi I at Abydos

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the Goddess Anupet (the female counterpart of Anubis) crouching upon a shrine labeled as
the excellent 'bau' [souls] of Ra
Detail from the sarcophagus of the Stolist-Priest NesKhonsu; dated to the XXI Dynasty (ca. 990940 BCE)

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the scribe Ta kneeling and making adorations to Anubis crouching upon the tomb; in front of
Anubis, the 'nemset'-vase with lotus flowers; to the left, the 'Udjat'-Eye.
Translation of the inscription:
Anubis Who is upon His Mountain,
Lord of the Necropolis,
Great God,
Lord of 'Rosetau' (the Netherworld).
Giving praise to the 'Ka' (the vital-spirit) of Anubis,
Lord of embalming,
the Foremost of the God's (Osiris') tent, Lord of the Land.
To go in and out of the Necropolis, to take
the shape of a 'Benu'-bird (the sacred phoenix),
for the 'ka' of the scribe Ta, whose word is right and true
XIX Dynasty, from 'Uaset'-Thebes, now in the Allard Pierson Museum, Amsterdam...
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the back wall of the Chapel of Anubis in the Temple of Millions of Years of Queen Hatshepsut,
west 'Uaset'-Thebes:
on the top, the Two Eyes and two images of Anubis (wearing a protective red ribbon around His
neck) crouching upon the tomb, with the 'Uas'-scepter and the 'Ankh';
to the right, the sacred nebris (jmy-wt) of Anubis
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Detail of the outer coffin of Henettawy, Lady of the House and Chantress of Amon-Ra (XXI
Dynasty, ca. 990930 BCE), now in the Metropolitan Museum
-above, in the middle, a pectoral in the shape of a small shrine with a representation of the sacred
scarab of Khepry (between the 'Shen'-ring, the symbol of eternal protection, represented below) and
the Solar Orb (flanked by the Two Uraei). The sacred scarab is flanked by the Two Eyes (winged
and with suspended Uraei holding the 'Ankh') and by a double representation of Horus in His form
of sacred Falcon.
The pectoral is flanked by the Two Eyes and a double representation of Anubis with the Double
Crown and the flail; in front of Anubis, the 'Sekhem'-Scepter with two 'menat'-necklace
-in the lower register, the Goddess Nut, winged, and holding two feathers in Her hands.

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architectural sculpture from the funerary temple of Onnophri I, head priest of the God Osiris at
Abydos; Onnophri is flanked by two standards of Hathor (to the left) and Osiris (to the right) and
holds in his hands a Naos sistrum shaped as the head of Hathor with Anubis above it;
dated to the XIX Dynasty (ca. 1292-1189 BCE).
Now in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens...

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II part: Anubis in human form with the head of dog/jackal

statuette of Anubis,
664-332 BCE; now in the Louvre Museum

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two statues of Anubis enthroned (now in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek of Copenaghen):

the statue at right (diorite) is from Luxor, and is dated to the reign of King Amenhotep III;
the statue at left (bronze) is dated to the 664-525 BCE

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Anubis enthroned; in front of Him, altars with various offerings;

from the Chapel of Anubis in the Temple of Millions of Years of Queen Hatshepsut, west 'Uaset'Thebes

20

Anubis enthroned, wearing the Double Crown, holding the 'Ankh' in the right, and the 'Uas'-scepter
in the left; from the north chapel (north wall) of the Temple of Hathor and Maat at west 'Uaset'Thebes

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Anubis playing the tambourine;

detail from the south chapel (north wall) of the Temple of Hathor and Maat at west 'Uaset'-Thebes

22

detail from the House of Birth of the Sanctuary of Hathor at Nitentre (Dendera):
Anubis dragging a circular object (?)

23

Anubis pouring a libation,

detail from a jamb of the Pyramid of Ntemkher in the necropolis of Mero;
now in the National Museum of Khartoum...

24

Anubis (according to other interpretations instead is a priest with the mask of Anubis).
From the portico of the Temple of Isis at Pompei; now in the Archaeological Museum of Naples...
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ritual mask depicting the black jackal's head of the God Anubis; this is one of the few ritual masks
of Anubis preserved until the present age.
Cartonnage, coarse linen, mud plaster mixed with straw; from 'Uaset'-Thebes,now in the Harrogate
Museums and Arts...

26

King Sethi I offering incense to Anubis,

scene from the east wall of the "Hall of Mysteries" of the Osirian Complex of the Great Temple of
King Sethi I at Abydos

27

King Ramses III offering incense to Anubis (holding the 'Ankh' and the 'Uas'-Scepter);
scene from a pillar of the II Court of the "Temple of Millions of Years" of King Ramses III, West
'Uaset'-Thebes

28

bronze statuette of Udja-Hor-resnet kneeling in adorations before Anubis, dated to the 680-660
BCE, now in the Walters Art Museum:
in front of Anubis, the Two Uraei representing the Two Goddesses Outo and Nekhbet and wearing
respectively the Red Crown and the White Crown; Udja-Hor-resnet is represented with his back
against an inscribed pillar which is pyramidal at the top.
Translation of the inscriptions:
May Anubis, give life, health, long life and great and good old age to Udja-Hor-resnet, son of
Ankh-pa-khered, whose mother is Ta-gemiut, who is born of the Lady of the house, Hy-inty for Penpa-djeu.
May Anubis give life to Udja-Hor-resnet, son of Ankh-pa-khered.
May Anubis, Who is before the place of the divine booth, give life, health, strength, a long life, and
a great old age and happiness to the son of Ankh-pa-khered, whose mother is Ta-gemiut, who is
Lady of the House, Hy-inty for Pen-pa-djeu.
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sycamore fig wood sarcophagus of the Stolist-Priest (the priest who performs the ritual for
anointing and clothing the Cult-image of the God in His Temple) NesKhonsu; dated to the XXI
Dynasty (ca. 990-940 BCE):
-in the upper register is depicted the sign for Horizon ('Akhet') with the Two Mountains of the East
and of the West, and the Rising Sun, flanked by the Two Eyes and by two shrines;

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-in the middle,

Horus in His form of sacred Falcon with outstretched wings and holding the 'shen'-ring of eternal
protection;
NesKhonsu kneeling (above, at right) and pouring a libation for the Deified King Amenhotep I;
King Amenhotep I is represented mummiform, holding the Flail and the 'Heqa'-Scepter,wearing the
Blue Crown;
behind the King, at left,
a kneeling male figure (probably NesKhonsu) with the symbol for West on his head,
King Amenhotep I represented as a sphynx ,
and Anubis, called
Anubis, Lord of the Necropolis, Foremost in the Gods Booth, First Lector Priest in the Place of
Righteousness and Truth, Great God, Lord of the Sky, the Skilled One
the hieroglyphs before Him say:
Garments and alabaster vessels for Osiris ;
in front of the King, at right, the Goddess Anupet (the female counterpart of Anubis) upon a shrine;
and a huge table with various offerings.

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detail from the interior of the coffin of Amenemipet, priest of the God Amon at 'Uaset'-Thebes (ca.
950-900 BCE, now in the British Museum):
two images of the God Anubis standing on the top of the "House of Eternity" next to the altar and
purifying the blessed Amenemipet (mummiform). In the middle, the 'Sekhem'-scepter; on the top, the
Solar Orb with the Two Uraei

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- Anubis and other Deities

Osiris Who presides over Amente, the Great God, Hathor-Amente, and Anubis, each enthroned;
from the "House of Eternity" of the Great Queen Nefertari, Valley of the Queens, QV66

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statue of Angeriautef, Royal scribe of King Ramses II, holding two statuettes of Anubis (at left) and
Hathor (cow-headed, at right), both enthroned and with their arms around each other.
Now in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden of Leiden...

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detail from the coffin of the High Priest of Amon-Ra at 'Uaset'-Thebes, Pinedjem II (ca. 990-969
BCE)
the 'Djed'-Pillar (the sacred symbol of Osiris) with the Solar Orb and the Two Uraei, flanked by
Anubis (to the left) and Qebehsenuef (one of the Four Sons of Horus) both mummiform and holding
a scepter with the feather; between the 'Djed'-Pillar and the two Gods is represented (twice) the
symbol for West/Netherworld

35

offering-table inscribed with Meroitic text, with Anubis (to the left) and Nephthys pouring libations
on the altar.
From the Pyramid (N16) of King Amanitaraquide in the Northern Royal Necropolis of Mero, 4050 CE; now in the Museum of Fine Arts of Boston...

36

detail of a mummy shroud painting from the Piam/Phiom region (Fayum) representing the blessed
deceased embraced by Anubis; to the left, Osiris. II century CE; now in the Pushkin Museum
(Russia)

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detail of a magical gem (jasper, green and red); II-III century CE, now in the Staatliche Museen of
Berlin...
to the left, Anubis holding a flail in the right and the 'Ankh' (?) in the left;
to the left, Hekate with three heads and six arms (uppermost hands holding burning torches, middle
hands holding daggers, lowermost hands holding flails)

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- Anubis and the funerary rituals for Osiris (and for the blessed dead assimilated
to Osiris)

Anubis performing the funerary rituals for Sennedjem assimilated to Osiris and represented lying
on the lion-bed;
scene from the House of Eternity of Sennedjem, Servant in the Seat of Righteousness and Truth
(the Valley of the Kings) , XIX Dynasty; west 'Uaset'-Thebes, TT1

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scenes from the House of Eternity of SiPtah, Valley of the Kings, KV47:
in the upper register, Anubis performing the funerary rituals for King SiPtah assimilated to Osiris
and represented lying on the lion-bed, flanked by Isis (at left) and Nephthys (at right);
in the lower register, Anubis in His form of sacred black dog/jackal (wearing a necklace and a
protective red ribbon) crouching upon the tomb, with the 'sekhem'-scepter and the flail; Anubis is
flanked by Imsety (at left) and Duamutef (at right), two of the Four Sons of Horus, both mummiform

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scene from the House of Eternity of the sculptor Nakhtamon, TT335, west 'Uaset'-Thebes,
XIX Dynasty:
Anubis performing the ritual of the Opening of the mouth for Nakhtamon assimilated to Osiris;
to the left, Isis with an ointment vase; to the right, Nephthys with the 'Ankh'-shaped jar for the
libations

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graeco-egyptian relief from the Tomb of Persephone at Alexandria, Egypt:

in the upper register, Anubis performing the funerary rituals for Osiris lying on the lion-bed,
flanked by two winged Goddess (probably Isis and Nephthys) and by two images of the King
(probably the one at left is Horus);
in the lower register, the scene of the abduction of Persephone by Aidoneus (at right); in the middle,
Aphrodite; to the left, Artemis and Athena

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- Anubis and the Judgement Hall of Osiris in the Netherworld

the Judgment Hall of Osiris, from the sacred "Book of Gates", fifth division, sixth hour: at left,
Osiris enthroned on a chair with lions' feet mounted on a platform at the top of a flight of nine
steps; in front of Him is a balance supported by a mummiform God; on the steps are the Gods of the
"Ennead Who follows Him", each on his own step; in the top right corner is Anubis, looking
towards Osiris, and under Him is represented a large ape with a stick, and a barque in which a
large ape called "Devourer of the Arm" is beating a pig with a stick; along the top edge, above
Osiris, hang four upturned gazelle heads.
From the House of Eternity of King Ramses VI, Valley of the Kings, KV9

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the Judgement Hall of Osiris in the Netherworld and the scene of the weighing of the heart,
from the "Book of Coming Forth by Day" of Hunefer, Royal Scribe of King Sethi I, Estate Overseer
of the King, and Overseer of the Cattle of the Lord of the Two Lands;
now in the British Museum...
From left to right,
-Anubis leading Hunefer toward the Balance in the Judgement Hall of Osiris;
-the Balance; on the top of the balance beam is represented the head of Maat (Goddess of
Righteousness and Truth); in the middle, Anubis kneeling and adjusting the plumb-weight on the
balance; on the left scale is represented the heart of the deceased, and on the right the feather of
Maat; to the right, the Goddess Ammut (Her front is a crocodile, Her rear a hippopotamus, and Her
middle a lion), the Great Devourer of the Netherworld, She Who devours the hearts of the
unrighteous-ones;
-Thoth recording the judgment;
-Horus leading Huner to the presence of Osiris;
-to the right, Osiris enthroned in a shrine; before Him, the Four Sons of Horus standing on the
Lotus flower that arises from the base of the throne of Osiris; behind Him, the Two Goddesses Isis
and Nephthys.
In the upper register, Hunefer kneeling and making adorations to Ra, Atum, Shu, Tefnut, Geb, Nut
(lioness-headed), Horus (human-headed), Isis, Nephthys, Hu, Sia, the Goddess of the southern
path, the God of the northern path, and the Goddess of the western path.

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the scene of the weighing of the heart, from the Book of Coming Forth by Day of the Royal
Scribe Ani, 1275 BCE,
now in the British Museum...
From left to right,
-Ani and her wife Thuthu in adorations;
- the Balance; on the top of the balance beam is represented Thoth in His form of sacred baboon; to
the right, Anubis kneeling and adjusting the plumb-weight on the balance; to the left, the God of
Destiny, Shay, followed by the Two Goddesses Ermouthi (rnnwtt) and Meskhenet;
-to the right, Thoth and the Goddess Ammut.
In the upper register, from right to left,
an offering-table with many offerings,
and twelve Gods:
Ra-Harakhty, Atum, Shu, Tefnut, Geb, Nut, Isis e Nephthys, Horus, Hathor, Hu and Sia.

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the scene of the weighing of the heart from the "Book of Coming Forth by Day" of the Chantress of
Amon-Ra, Nany, daughter of Pinedjem I, High Priest of Amon-Ra and King; ca. 1050 BCE (XXI
Dynasty);
from the "House of Eternity" of MeritAmon, West 'Uaset'-Thebes (TT 358, MMA 65), found inside
an hollow wooden Osiris figure. Now in the Metropolitan Museum...
From left to right,
Isis leading Nany in the Judgment Hall of Osiris; in her hand Nany holds her mouth and eyes;
in the middle, the Balance and the weighing of the heart (one pan of the scales contains the heart of
Nany, and in the other there is a statuette of Maat), Anubis adjusting the scales, and Thoth in His
form of sacred baboon seated on the top of the Balance beam prepares to write down the result.
To the the right, Osiris enthroned presiding over the judgment.

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the Judgement Hall of Osiris and the scene of the weighing of the heart;
scene from the south wall of the South Chapel of the Temple of Hathor and Maat at West 'Uaset'Thebes.
From left to right,
the two Maat-Goddesses leading King Ptolemy IV in the Judgement Hall of Osiris;
the Balance and the weighing of the heart, with Harsiesi (Horus son of Isis, at left) and Anubis; on
the top of the Balance beam, Thoth in His form of sacred baboon;
Thoth recording the judgment;
a Child God seated on the top of the 'Heqa'-scepter and holding flails in His hands;
the Goddess Ammut;
Osiris enthroned; before Him, the Four Sons of Horus standing of the Lotus Flower.
In the upper register, the 42 Judges of the NetherWorld (in this photo only 21 judges are visible)

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the scene of the weighing of the heart from the inner chapel (left wall) of the Pyramid of the Royal
Prince Arik-kharer, son of Queen/Kandake Amanitore (I century CE) in the northern Royal
Necropolis of Mero (N5). (Drawing from Lepsius, "Denkmler aus gypten und thiopien" V-44)
The Judgement Hall of Osiris in the Netherworld:
-to the right, Osiris enthroned, followed by Arik-kharer making adorations. In front of Osiris, an
offering table
-to the left, from left to right,
the Goddess Maat leading Arik-kharer to the Judgement Hall;
another image of Arik-kharer next to the Balance of Judgement;
the Balance of Judgement (on the top of the Balance beam is represented Thoth in His form of
sacred baboon), the heart of the deceased is placed on the right scale, next to Anubis, and the
image of Maat (the Goddess of Righteousness and Truth) is on the left scale, next to Horus;
Thoth recording the result of the weighing of the deceased's heart;
and the Goddess Ammut, the Great Devourer of the Netherworld, She Who devours the hearts of
the unrighteous-ones, represented as a composite animal with the body of a lion, crouching upon a
shrine and wearing two feathers and holding two blades.
On the top, a row of Gods, the Judges of the Dead, each wearing the feather and holding a blade
On the top frieze, images of Anubis in His form of dog/jackal.
In the lower register, a row of priests holding palm-branches

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III part: secondary forms of Anubis

III/a: Anubis in human form

the God Anubis (human-headed) bringing oxen;

from the Double Temple of Haroeris (Horus the Ancient) and Sobek at Ombos

49

detail from the Temple of King Ramses II at Abydos:

the God Anubis (to the left, human-headed), and the Goddess Heqet, both enthroned and holding
the 'Ankh' (Life) and the 'Uas'-scepter

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III/b: Anubis in human form and ram-headed

scene from the Book of Gates, third division, fourth hour, middle register:
in the middle, Osiris standing upon a serpent, inside a shrine; to the right, an uraeus; to the left,
Anubis (ram-headed).
From the House of Eternity of King Ramses I, Valley of the Kings, KV16

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III/c: Anubis in the form of sacred falcon

scene from the top frieze (east wall) of the second east chapel of Osiris on the roof of the Temple of
Hathor at Nitentre (Jwnt-t3-Nrt, Dendera) representing the 'Ba', that are the Souls, of the Gods
of the nomes of Upper Egypt protecting Osiris (on the west wall instead are represented the Souls of
the Gods of the nomes of Lower Egypt):
Horus-Anubis of This (capital city of the VIII nome of Upper Egypt) in the form of falcon, wearing
the Solar Crown, and spreading His wings in protection of Osiris.
Drawing from A. Mariette, "Dendera, description gnrale du grand temple de cette ville", IV- 40

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-Anubis in the form of dog/jackal-headed falcon

scene from the top frieze (east wall) of the second east chapel of Osiris on the roof of the Temple of
Hathor at Nitentre (Jwnt-t3-Nrt, Dendera):
Anubis of Sk (capital city of the XVII nome of Upper Egypt, called by the Greeks Kynopolis, that
means the city of the dog) in the form of dog/jackal-headed falcon, wearing the Solar Crown,
and spreading His wings in protection of Osiris.
Drawing from A. Mariette, "Dendera, description gnrale du grand temple de cette ville", IV- 41

53

scene from the top frieze (east wall) of the second east chapel of Osiris on the roof of the Temple of
Hathor at Nitentre (Jwnt-t3-Nrt, Dendera):
Anubis of Ankyropolis (Ty=w-y/Dhnt Wrt, capital city of the XVIII nome of Upper Egypt) in the
form of dog/jackal-headed falcon, wearing the Solar Crown, and spreading His wings in protection
of Osiris.
Drawing from A. Mariette, "Dendera, description gnrale du grand temple de cette ville", IV- 41

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IV part: Hermanubis
-Hermanubis dog/jackal-headed

marble statue of the God Hermanubis (Hermes-Anubis), II century CE, from Anzio, Villa Pamphili;
now in the Vatican Museums Hermanubis is represented jackal-headed, wearing the Crescent
(the Crown of Thoth), and holding in His left the Sacred Caduceus of Hermes
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funerary altar of Fabia Stratonice, from Bari (Italy), 110-120 CE:

Hermanubis holding the caduceus in the left and a palm-branch in the right.
Now in the Badische Landesmuseum of Karlsruhe...

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-Hermanubis in human form

marble statue of Hermanubis, wearing the kalathos, holding a palm-topped fan; to the left, a dogs.
From TapOsiris Parva, II century CE; now in the Antiquities Museum - Bibliotheca Alexandrina of
Alexandria, Egypt

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bronze statuette of Hermanubis, wearing the kalathos, holding the caduceus and the palm-branch.
On the base, the dedication in Greek:
Menis son of Trokondos, nephew of Lalakos; dedicated for his valour.
Prabably from Cilicia, III-IV century CE; now in a private collection...

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bronze statuette of Hermanubis, wearing the kalathos, holding the caduceus and the palm-branch;
II century CE; now in a private collection...

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tetradrachm of the Roman Emperor Elagabalus (218-222 CE) from Alexandria, Egypt:
bust of Hermanubis, wearing the kalathos; to the right, the palm-topped caduceus

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tetradrachm of the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161 CE) from Alexandria, Egypt:
Hermanubis standing, wearing the kalathos, holding the caduceus in the right, and a palm-branch
in the left. To the left, a jackal/dog

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fresco from the House of the Golden Cupids at Pompei:

from left to right,
Hermanubis, Harpokrate (Horus the Child), Isis and Serapis;

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-Helios-Hermanubis

tetradrachm of the Roman Empress Julia Maesa Augusta (218-224 CE) from Alexandria, Egypt:
bust of Helios-Hermanubis, wearing the radiate crown and the kalathos; to the right, the palmtopped caduceus

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