Chapter 3

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REACTION ENGINEERING
CKB 20104
CHAPTER 3
RATE LAWS AND
STOICHIOMETRY
Dr. Kelly Yong Tau Len
Sect. of Chemical Engineering Technology UniKL MICET
Tel: 06-5512051, Email: kytlen@unikl.edu.my, VLE: CKB20104 kytlen_MICET
Chapter 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Concept of reaction rate

Reaction order
Elementary Rate Law and Molecularity
Stoichiometric Table
Objectives
Upon the completion of this chapter, students are able
to:
Define rate law, reaction order and activation energy
Define elementary rate law and molecularity
Construct stoichiometry table for batch and flow
system and express the concentrations for reactant
and product
2
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3.1 Concept of Reaction Rate
A+ B C+D
S The Rate Law is an equation which links the
reaction rate, rA (or more accurate; rate of

disappearance of the limiting reactant, in this case A)
with reactant concentrations and reaction rate
constant.
S Based on Power Law Model, the reaction rate, rA
is given as:
rA = k (C A C B )
S where k is the reaction rate constant and CA & CB is
the reactant concentrations.
3.2 Reaction Order
A + B C + D r = k (C C )
A
A B
S C A and C B is the concentrations of reactant A
and B.
S The exponent of and are called the
REACTION ORDERS
S The order of reaction with respect to a certain
reactant is defined, as the power to which its

concentration term in the rate equation is
raised.
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3.2 Reaction Order

A + B C + D rA = k (C A C B )
S Based on Power Law Model, we know the exponent of
and are called the REACTION ORDERS

S The order of reaction with respect to a certain reactant
is defined, as the power to which its concentration term

in the rate equation is raised.
S Based on the equation above, we can say the reaction
is order with respect to reactant A, and order with

respect to reactant B. The overall order of the reaction,
is:
=+
3.2 Reaction Order
rA = k (C A C B )
S
The units of r A are ALWAYS in terms of concentration per unit time

while the units of the reaction rate constant, k will vary with the order
of the reaction.
Consequently, the raw laws corresponding to a zero, first, second,

and third order reaction, together with the typical units for the
corresponding rate constants are:
Reaction Order, n
Rate Law
k unit
mol/dm3.s
Zero
rA = k
One
rA = kCA
s-1
Two
rA = kCA2
(dm)3/mol.s
Three
rA = kCA3
(dm3/mol)2.s-1
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3.2 Reaction Order
rA = k (C A C B )
Specific reaction rate or the reaction rate
constant, k value is strongly dependent on
temperature.
It also depends on the presence of catalyst.
In gas phase reactions, it may be a function of
total pressure.
In liquid systems it can be a function of other
parameters (ionic strength and choice of solvent).
3.3 Elementary Rate Law and Molecularity

IMPORTANT:
Elementary Rate Laws vs. Nonelementary Rate Laws
S A reaction follows an Elementary Rate Law if the
reaction order of each reactant is identical with the

stoichiometric coefficient of the reactant for the
reaction as written.
S Example 1: Given reaction A + B C + D
The rate law would be rA = k (CA CB)
S Example 2: For reaction of 2NO + O2 2NO2
The rate law would be rNO = k (CNO2 CO2)
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Check Your Understanding 1
Given the reaction as A + 2B C

Determine the rate law and order of the
reaction if:
1. The reaction obeys Elementary Rate
Law
2. The reaction obeys Non Elementary
Rate Law
10

The reaction rate constant, k is determined by using
Arrhenius equation.
k = Aexp
"E %
$$ a ''
# RT &
Ea = Activation energy, J/mol or cal/mol

R = Gas constant (8.314 J/mol.K, 1.987 cal/mol.K)
T = Temperature, K
A = Pre-exponential factor or frequency factor
Reaction rate constant, k and Pre-exponential factor, A
units depends on the overall reaction order
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k = Aexp
11
"E %
$$ a ''
# RT &
Based on the Arrhenius

Equation above, determine the
unit of pre-exponential factor, A
if it is given the unit of k as
dm3/mol.s
12

Activation energy, Ea is
the minimum energy that
must be possessed by
reacting molecules before
the reaction will occur.
The molecules need energy
to distort or stretch their
bonds so that they can
break them and thus form
new bonds.
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13

k = Aexp
"E %
$$ a ''
# RT &
ln k = ln A
Ea " 1 %
$ '
R #T &
ln k
Linearized
Slope = Ea/R
1/T
T
Rxn1: High Ea
Rxn 2: Low Ea
k with higher Ea is more sensitive

to temperature than those with
low Ea
1/T
14
k(T ) = k(T ) exp

2
Ea " 1 1 %
$ '
R $# T1 T2 '&
If we know the reaction rate constant,

k1 at temperature, T1 and we know the
activation energy, Ea, we can find the
reaction rate constant, k2 at any other
temperature, T2 for that reaction
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15

The initial stages of the gas phase reaction
between ammonia and nitrogen dioxide follow
second-order kinetics. Given that the rate
constant at 550 K is 3.85 x 10-4 dm3/mol.s
and at 750 K is 1.60 x 10-4 dm3/mol.s. Given
the value of R as 8.314 J/mol.K.
Calculate the Activation Energy and the
Frequency Factor and subsequently state its
units.
15
16
MOLECULARITY is the number of

atoms, ions, or molecule involved
(colliding) in a reaction step.
Unimolecular, bimolecular, and
termolecular refers to reaction
involving, respectively one, two or
three atoms (or molecules)
interacting or colliding in any one
reaction step.
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17
3.4 Stoichiometric Table

Now that we have shown how rate law can be
expressed as function of concentrations, we need
to express concentration as a function of
conversion, X to carry out calculations to size
reactors.
If the rate law depends on more than 1 species,
we must relate the concentrations of the different
species to each other.
This can be done with the aid of stoichiometric
table.
This table presents the stoichiometric relationships
between reaction molecules for a single reaction.
18
We will learn to set a stoichiometric table for 2 different

system:
STOICHIOMETRIC TABLE
BATCH
SYSTEM
FLOW
SYSTEM
Liquid System
Gas System
Constant Volumetric
Flow rate ( = 0)
Variable Volumetric
Flow rate
Liquid System
Gas System
Constant Volume
Constant
Volume (V=V 0)
(V=V 0)
P T
= 0 (1 + X) 0
P T0
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19
aA + bB cC + dD
Species
Symbol
Inert (if there is in

the system)
TOTAL
Initial
Change
Remaining
Column 1: The particular species (must include all the species in the
system).
Column 2: The number of moles of each species INITIALLY present.
Column 3: The change in the number of moles brought about by reaction.
Column 4: The number of moles REMAINING in the system at time, t
20
WE WILL START WITH BATCH SYSTEM

BATCH
SYSTEM
Liquid System
Gas System
Constant Volume
Constant
Volume (V=V 0)
(V=V 0)
10
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3.4 Stoichiometric Table (Batch System)

21
aA + bB cC + dD
SPECIES
INITIAL (MOL)
N A0
N B0 = N A0 B
N C 0 = 0 (Product)
N D0 = 0 (Product)
I (INERTS)
TOTAL
N I 0 = N A0 I
N T 0 = N A0 + N A0 B
+ N A0 I
B =
N B0 C B0 y B0
=
=
N A0 C A0 y A0
I =
N I 0 CI 0 yI 0
=
=
N A0 C A0 y A0
Reminder:
N = No. of moles,
C = Concentration
y = Mole fraction
NTO = Total INITIAL moles
(ONLY reactant and inert)
22

SPECIES
CHANGE (MOL)
N A0 X
B
C
D
b
N A0 X
a
c
+ N A0 X
a
d
+ N A0 X
a
I (INERTS)
TOTAL
(LEAVE BLANK)
aA + bB cC + dD
Negative Sign () for
Reactants
Positive Sign (+) for Products

No change number of moles
for inert during reaction
11
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23

SPECIES
INITIAL (MOL)
CHANGE
(MOL)
N A0
N A0 X
REMAINING (MOL)
N A = N A0 N A0 X
b
b
b
N A0 X N B = N B0 N A0 X = N A0 ( B X )
a
a
a
c
c
N C 0 = 0 (Product) + N A0 X
N C = N A0 X
a
a
d
N D0 = 0 (Product) + d N X
N D = N A0 X
A0
a
a
N I 0 = N A0 I
# = #% = &% # Further
0
N B0 = N A0 B
D
I (INERTS)
N T 0 = N A0 + N A0 B
TOTAL
+ N A0 I

REMAINING (MOL)
N A = N A0 N A0 X
N B = N B0
b
N X = N A0 ( B
a A0
c
N X
a A0
d
N D = N A0 X
a
NC =
# = #% = &% #
derive!
NT = N A + N B
+ NC + N D + N I
24
From the previous

derivation in the
b
X)
stoichiometric
a
table,
Express NT in terms
of NAO, X, B, I,
b/a, c/a, and d/a
only
NT = N A + N B
+ NC + N D + N I
12
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Reminder:
If values (numbers) are given, all
the symbols must be substituted
with real numbers.
Do not just leave the
stoichiometric table with
symbols
It is Not Complete!

(Equations for Batch Concentrations)
26
aA + bB cC + dD
After we developed stoichiometric table, the next step
is to express the concentration of all reactants and
products in terms of conversion and initial
concentration of A, Ca0
Stoichiometric table is used to develop the equations.
For constant volume batch reactor regardless liquid or
gas phase, (batch reactor cannot shrink or expand),
V = V0
Therefore we can find concentration of all reactants (A
and B) and all products (C and D)
13
10/16/16

FOR REACTANT A
CA0 = NA0 / V 0
aA + bB cC + dD
N (1 X )
N
C A = A = A0
V
V0
Constant Volume
Batch Reactor,
V = V0
= C A0 (1 X )
SPECIES
REMAINING (MOL)
N A = N A0 N A0 X
N B = N A0 ( B
b
X)
a
Note:
For Batch system,
concentration
expressed for
LIQUID and GAS
Phase are the
SAME
N #
N
b &
C B = B = A0 % B X (
V
V0 $
a '
FOR
REACTANT B
#
b &
= C A0 % B X (
a '
$

CA0 = NA0 / V 0
FOR PRODUCT C
28
aA + bB cC + dD
c
+
N A0 X
!c $
NC
a
CC =
=
= C AO # X &
V
V0
"a %
SPECIES
C
D
Constant Volume
Batch Reactor,
V = V0
FOR PRODUCT D
d
N A0 X
!d $
ND
a
CD =
=
= C AO # X &
V
V0
"a %
+
27
REMAINING (MOL)
c
N C = + N A0 X
a
d
N D = + N A0 X
a
Note:
For Batch system,
concentration
expressed for
LIQUID and GAS
Phase are the SAME
14
10/16/16
29
WE WILL CONTINUE WITH FLOW SYSTEM

FLOW
SYSTEM
Liquid System
Gas System
Constant Volumetric
Flow rate ( = 0)
Variable Volumetric
Flow rate
P T
= 0 (1 + X) 0
P T0
3.4 Stoichiometric Table (Flow System)
30
aA + bB cC + dD
SPECIES
INITIAL (MOL/TIME)
FA0
FB0 = FA0 B
FC 0 = 0 (Product)
FD0 = 0 (Product)
I (INERTS)
TOTAL
FI 0 = FA0 I
FT 0 = FA0 + FA0 B
+ FA0 I
B =
FB0 C B0 y B0
=
=
FA0 C A0 y A0
I =
FI 0 C I 0 y I 0
=
=
FA0 C A0 y A0
Reminder:
F = Molar Flow rate
C = Concentration
y = mole fraction
FTO = Total INITIAL
molar flow rate
(ONLY reactant and inert)
15
10/16/16
3.4 Stoichiometric Table (Flow System)
31
aA + bB cC + dD
SPECIES
CHANGE
(MOL/TIME)
FA0 X
b
FA0 X
a
c
+ FA0 X
a
d
+ FA0 X
a
I (INERTS)
TOTAL
(LEAVE BLANK)
Negative Sign () for Reactants
Positive Sign (+) for Products

No change number of moles
for inert during reaction
3.4 Stoichiometric Table (Flow System)32

SPECIES
INITIAL
(MOL/TIME)
CHANGE
(MOL/TIME
)
FA0
FA0 X
D
I (INERTS)
TOTAL
REMAINING (MOL/TIME)
FA = FA0 FA0 X
b
b
b
FA0 X FB = FB0 FA0 X = FA0 ( B X )
a
a
a
c
c
FC = + FA0 X
FC 0 = 0 (Product) + FA0 X
a
a
d
d
FD = + FA0 X
FD0 = 0 (Product) + FA0 X
a
a
FB0 = FA0 B
FI 0 = FA0 I
FT 0 = FA0 + FA0 B + FA0 I
# = #% = &% #
FT = FA + FB
Further
derive!
+ FC + FD + FI
16
10/16/16

REMAINING (MOL)
FA = FA0 FA0 X
b
b
FB = FB0 FA0 X = FA0 ( B X )
a
a
c
FC = + FA0 X
a
d
FD = + FA0 X
a
# = #% = &% #
33
From the previous

derivation in the
stoichiometric
table,
Express FT in terms
of FAO, X, B, I, b/a,
c/a, and d/a only
FT = FA + FB
+ FC + FD + FI
Reminder:
with real numbers.
symbols
It is Not Complete!
17
10/16/16

(Equations for Flow Concentrations)
35
aA + bB cC + dD
Similar to batch system, we need to express the
concentrations for flow system.
Again we used the stoichiometric table to assist us in the
equations.
However unlike batch system, the concentrations equation
for liquid and gas phase for flow system is different.
This is because for liquid system, we assume initial and
final volumetric flow rate are the same (0 = )
For gas system, the initial and final volumetric flow rate are
not the same
36
(Equations for Flow Concentrations Liquid Phase)
REACTANT A
CA =
CA0 = FA0 / 0
aA + bB cC + dD
FA FA0 (1 X )
=
= C A0 (1 X )
For LIQUID
phase, 0 =
SPECIES
A
B
F #
F
b &
C B = B = A0 % B X (
0 $
a '
REACTANT B
#
b &
= C A0 % B X (
a '
$
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
FA = FA0 FA0 X
b
FB = FA0 ( B X )
a
Note:
For Flow system,
concentration
expressed for
LIQUID and GAS
Phase are NOT the
SAME
18
10/16/16
37
(Equations for Flow Concentrations Liquid Phase)

PRODUCT C
aA + bB cC + dD
CA0 = FA0 / 0
c
! c $
FC a FA0 X
CC =
=
= C AO # + X &
0
" a %
For LIQUID
phase, 0 =
FOR PRODUCT D
d
+
FA0 X
! d $
FD
a
CD =
=
= C AO # + X &
0
" a %
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
SPECIES
c
FC = + FA0 X
a
d
FD = + FA0 X
a
C
D
Note:
For Flow system,
concentration
expressed for LIQUID
and GAS Phase are
NOT the SAME
38
(Equations for Flow Concentrations Gas Phase)
aA + bB cC + dD
As mentioned previously, for GAS phase flow system,
the initial (0) and final () volumetric flow rate are NOT
the same.
Instead we found that for gas phase, the final
volumetric flow rate is given as:
Final
Volumetric
flow rate
Initial
Volumetric
flow rate
!P $T
= 0 (1+ X ) # 0 &
" P % T0
= y A0
yA0 = Initial fraction of A
P 0 = Initial pressure
P = Final pressure
T0 = Initial temperature
T = Final temperature
d c b
+ 1
a a a
19
10/16/16
39

Final
Volumetric
flow rate
!P $T
= 0 (1+ X ) # 0 &
" P % T0
P 0 = Initial pressure
P = Final pressure
T0 = Initial temperature
T = Final temperature
Initial
Volumetric
flow rate
Determine the new expression for the equation above

if the reaction is
A. Isothermal/Constant temperature
B. Isobaric/Constant pressure
C. Isothermal/Constant temperature AND
Isobaric/Constant pressure
40

REACTANT A
FA0 (1 X )
" T %" P %
0 (1+ X ) $$ ''$ 0 '
# T0 &# P &
(1 X ) " T0 %" P %
= C A0
$ '$ '
(1+ X ) # T &$# P0 '&
CA =
FA
=
!P $ T
= 0 (1+ X) # 0 &
" P % T0
SPECIES
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
FA = FA0 FA0 X
FB = FA0 ( B
b
X)
a
REACTANT B
#
#
b &
b &
FA0 % B X (
% B X ( # &# &
F
a '
a ' T0 P
$
$
CB = B =
= C A0
% (%% ((
# T &# P &
(1+
X
)
$ T '$ P0 '
0 (1+ X ) %% ((% 0 (
$ T0 '$ P '
20
10/16/16
41

PRODUCT C
c
+ FA0 X
FC
a
CC =
=
! T $! P $
0 (1+ X ) ## &&# 0 &

" T0 %" P %
! c $
# + X & ! $! $
" a % T0 P
= C A0
# &# &
(1+ X ) " T %#" P0 &%
!P $ T
= 0 (1+ X) # 0 &
" P % T0
SPECIES
C
D
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
c
FC = + FA0 X
a
d
FD = + FA0 X
a
! d $
d
# + X & ! $! $
+
F
X
A0
" a % T0 P
PRODUCT D C = FD =
a
= C A0
# &# &
D
!
$
!
$
(1+ X ) " T %#" P0 &%

T P0
0 (1+ X ) ## &&# &
" T0 %" P %
Reminder:
with real numbers.
symbols
It is Not Complete!
21
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Example 1
43
Set up a stoichiometric table for the following liquidphase reactions AND express the concentration of
each species in the reaction as a function of
conversion evaluating all constant (e.g., , ).
C2 H 4O + H 2O C2 H 6O2
The initial concentration of ethylene oxide, C2H4O and
water in the flow system are 1.5 mol/L and 4.5 mol/L,
respectively. In addition, the initial volumetric flow rate
is given as 10 L/min. Assume the reaction are
isothermal and isobaric and C2H4O as basis of
calculation.
44
Solution: Stoichiometric Table

From the question, we know its Flow System so the values in
stoichiometric table must be in molar flow rate, F. terms
From question, C2H4O as basis of calculation therefore we
labeled it as A. Hence we can now label the chemical
equation as following:
C2 H 4O + H 2O C2 H 6O2
A
+ B
Given CA0 (Initial concentration C2H4O) = 1.5 mol/L, CB0

(Initial concentration H2O) = 4.5 mol/L and 0 (Initial
volumetric flow rate) = 10 L/min
Therefore we can calculate
1.5mol 10L 15mol
FA0 = C A00 =
=
L
min
min
22
10/16/16
45
Solution:
SPECIES
INITIAL (MOL/TIME)
FA0 = 15
TOTAL
C2 H 4O + H 2O C2 H 6O2
A
CHANGE (MOL/TIME)
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
FA = 15 15X
15X
"C %
FB0 = FA0 B = FA0 $$ B0 '' b F X = 1 F X
# C A0 &
a A0
1 A0
" 4.5 %
= 15X
= 15$ ' = 45
# 1.5 &
c
1
+ FA0 X = + FA0 X
a
1
0 (PRODUCT)
= +15X
FT 0 = 15+ 45 = 60
+ B
FB = 4515X
FC = +15X
) (
FT 0 = 15 15X + 45 15X +15X

= 15+ 45 15X 15X +15X = 60 15X
Solution:
Express the Concentration
For Reactant A
CA =
FA 1515X
=
= 1.5(1 X )
10
For Reactant B
CB =
FB 4515X
=
= 4.51.5X
10
For Product C
CC =
FC +15X
=
= +1.5X
10
46
C2 H 4O + H 2O C2 H 6O2
A
+ B
SPECIES
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
FA = 1515X
FB = 4515X
FC = +15X
For LIQUID phase,

0 = =10 L/min
23
10/16/16
Example 2
47
A mixture of 28% of SO2 and 72% air is charged to a

flow reactor in which SO2 is oxidized.
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
First, set up a stoichiometric table using only the
symbols (i.e., i, F i) and then prepare a second
stoichiometric table evaluating numerically as many
symbols as possible for the case when the total initial
pressure is 1485 kPa and the temperature is constant
at 227C. Assume isothermal and isobaric conditions
with SO2 as basis of calculation.
48
Solution: Stoichiometric Table

From the question, we know its Flow System so the
values in stoichiometric table must in molar flow rate,
F.
From question, SO2 as basis of calculation there we
labeled it as A. Hence we can now label the chemical
equation as following:
2SO 2 + O 2 2SO3
2A
+ B 2C
Given P0 (Initial total pressure) = 1485 kPa, T 0 (Initial

temperature) = 227 oC.
Plus its isothermal and isobaric therefore P0 = P, T 0 =
T
In this questions, we are not given enough
24
10/16/16
Solution:
INITIAL
(MOL/TIME)
FA 0
SO2 (A)
2SO 2 + O 2 2SO3
2A
1. For reactant SO2 (A)

SPECIES
49
CHANGE
(MOL/TIME)
+ B 2C
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
FA0 X
FA = FA0 FA0 X
2. For reactant O2 (B)
B =
SPECIES
O2 (B)
FB0 (0.72)(0.21)
=
= 0.54
FA0
0.28
INITIAL
(MOL/TIME)
CHANGE
(MOL/TIME)
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
FB0 = FA0 B
b
1
FA0 X = FA0 X
a
2
"
1 %
FB = FA0 $ 0.54 X '
2 &
#
= 0.54FA0
Solution:
50
2SO 2 + O 2 2SO3
3. For product SO3 (C)
SPECIES
SO3 (C)
INITIAL
(MOL/TIME)
N2 (I)
CHANGE
(MOL/TIME)
c
FC0 = 0 (Product) + FA0 X = +FA0 X
a
3. For Inert, N2
SPECIES
2A
I =
INITIAL
(MOL/TIME)
+ B 2C
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
FC = FA0 X
FI 0 (0.72)(0.79)
=
= 2.03
FA0
0.28
CHANGE
(MOL/TIME)
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
FI 0 = FA0 I
FI = FI 0
= 2.03FA0
= 2.03FA0
25
10/16/16
Solution:
SPECIES
SO2 (A)
O2 (B)
SO3 (C)
N2 (I)
INITIAL
(MOL/TIME)
FA0
FB0 = FA0 B
= 2.03FA0
FT 0 = FA0 + 0.54FA0
TOTAL
+ 2.03FA0
= 3.57FA0
2SO 2 + O 2 2SO3
2A
+ B 2C
CHANGE
(MOL/TIME)
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
FA0 X
FA = FA0 FA0 X
b
1
FA0 X = FA0 X
a
2
= 0.54FA0
c
FC0 = 0 (Product) + FA0 X = +FA0 X
a
FI 0 = FA0 I
51
"
1 %
FB = FA0 $ 0.54 X '
2 &
#
FC = FA0 X
FI = FI 0 = 2.03FA0
( "
1 %+
FT = [ FA0 FA0 X ] + *FA0 $ 0.54 X '- + [ FA0 X ] + [ 2.03FA0 ]
2 &,
) #
1
= 3.57FA0 FA0 X
2
Solution:
52
1. We subsequently want to evaluate the concentration for all

reactant and product.
2. First for the above GAS phase reaction, it is isothermal (T =
T0) and no pressure drop (P = P0), therefore the outlet
volumetric flow rate:
!P $ T
= 0 (1+ X) # 0 &
" P % T0
= 0 (1+ X )
3. The initial concentration of A, CA0 can be found since the

total initial pressure and temperature is given in the
question.
y P
(0.28)(1485kPa)
CAO = A0 O =
RTO 8.314kPa.dm 3mol 1K 1 (227 + 273.15K )
= 0.1mol / dm 3
26
10/16/16
Solution:
For Reactant SO2 (A)
CA =
=
FA FA0 (1 X) C A0 (1 X)
=
=
0 (1+ X )
(1+ X )
0.1(1 X)
(1 0.14 X )
For Reactant O2 (B)

"
"
1 %
1 %
FA0 $ 0.54 X ' C A0 $ 0.54 X '
F
2 &
2 &
#
#
CB = B =
=
0 (1+ X )
(1+ X )
"
1 %
0.1$ 0.54 X '
2 &
#
=
(1 0.14 X )
2SO 2 + O 2 2SO3
2A
SPECIES
SO2 (A)
O2 (B)
+ B 2C
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
FA = FA0 FA0 X
"
1 %
FB = FA0 $ 0.54 X '
2 &
#
= 0 (1+ X )
"c b %
= y A0 = y A0 $ 1'
#a a &
1
= (0.28)(11 ) = 0.14
2
Solution:
For Product, SO3 (C)
CC =
=
FC
FA0 X
C X
=
= A0
0 (1+ X ) (1+ X )
0.1X
(1 0.14 X )
For Inert, N2 (I)

2.03FA0
2.03C A0
F
CI = I =
=
0 (1+ X ) (1+ X )
=
0.203
=
(1 0.14 X )
53
54
2SO 2 + O 2 2SO3
2A
SPECIES
SO3 (C)
N2 (I)
+ B 2C
REMAINING
(MOL/TIME)
FC = FA0 X
FI = FI 0 = 2.03FA0
= 0 (1+ X )
"c b %
= y A0 = y A0 $ 1'
#a a &
1
= (0.28)(11 ) = 0.14
2
27

Chapter 3

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Chapter 3

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10/16/16

Concept of reaction rate

3.1 Concept of Reaction Rate

reaction rate, rA (or more accurate; rate of

the reactant concentrations.

3.2 Reaction Order

S The exponent of and are called the

reactant is defined, as the power to which its

3.2 Reaction Order

S Based on Power Law Model, we know the exponent of

and are called the REACTION ORDERS

is defined, as the power to which its concentration term

is order with respect to reactant A, and order with

3.2 Reaction Order

The units of r A are ALWAYS in terms of concentration per unit time

Consequently, the raw laws corresponding to a zero, first, second,

3.2 Reaction Order

3.3 Elementary Rate Law and Molecularity

reaction order of each reactant is identical with the

The rate law would be rA = k (CA CB)

S Example 2: For reaction of 2NO + O2 2NO2

The rate law would be rNO = k (CNO2 CO2)

Check Your Understanding 1

Given the reaction as A + 2B C

3.3 Elementary Rate Law and Molecularity

Ea = Activation energy, J/mol or cal/mol

Check Your Understanding 2

Based on the Arrhenius

3.3 Elementary Rate Law and Molecularity

3.3 Elementary Rate Law and Molecularity

k with higher Ea is more sensitive

3.3 Elementary Rate Law and Molecularity

k(T ) = k(T ) exp

If we know the reaction rate constant,

Check Your Understanding 3

3.3 Elementary Rate Law and Molecularity

MOLECULARITY is the number of

3.4 Stoichiometric Table

3.4 Stoichiometric Table

We will learn to set a stoichiometric table for 2 different

3.4 Stoichiometric Table

Inert (if there is in

3.4 Stoichiometric Table

WE WILL START WITH BATCH SYSTEM

3.4 Stoichiometric Table (Batch System)

3.4 Stoichiometric Table (Batch System)

Positive Sign (+) for Products

3.4 Stoichiometric Table (Batch System)

Check Your Understanding 4

From the previous

3.4 Stoichiometric Table

3.4 Stoichiometric Table

3.4 Stoichiometric Table

3.4 Stoichiometric Table

3.4 Stoichiometric Table

WE WILL CONTINUE WITH FLOW SYSTEM

3.4 Stoichiometric Table (Flow System)

3.4 Stoichiometric Table (Flow System)

Negative Sign () for Reactants

Positive Sign (+) for Products

3.4 Stoichiometric Table (Flow System)32

FT 0 = FA0 + FA0 B + FA0 I

Check Your Understanding 5

From the previous