ANTIBIOTICS

Class

Prototype

Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin Inhibit protein synthesis in Gram(-) bacteria;

(Garamycin)
disrupt integrity of cell membrane = cell
death
Treat Gram (-) bacteria

Cephalosporins

Cefaclor
(Ceclor)

Flouroquinolones

Penicillins and
PenicillinaseResistant
Sulfonamides

Tetracyclines

Antimycobacteri
als

Action & Indication

Bactericidal & Bacteriostatic

Inhibit synthesis of bacterial cell walls;
weakened cells swell and burst from
osmotic pressure, cell death
Treat HENPeCKS bacteria, respiratory, skin
infections, UTI, otitis media, anthrax,
typhoid fever
Ciprofloxaci New class; broad-spectrum
Enter bacterial cell by passive diffusion
n (Cipro)
Interfere with DNA replication in gram (-)
bacteria
Respi, skin, UTI, ear, eye, bone, joint
infections, anthrax, typhoid fever
Amoxicillin Bactericidal: interfere with cell wall-building
(Amoxil,
when dividing
Tx for: postexposure prophylaxis for
Trimox)
anthrax, Helicobacter infections
Cotrimoxazo Inhibit folic acid synthesis (necessary for
le (Septra,
synthesis of purine and pyrimidine, and
Bactrim)
precursors for RNA and DNA)
Block 2 consecutive steps in protein and
nucleic acid production = inability to
multiply
Completely block para-aminobenzoic acid
Tx for gram (-) and (+) bacteria, UTI,
trachoma, acute otitis media, diarrhea
Etracycline Inhibit protein synthesis that inhibit cell
(Sumycin,
replication
Panmycin) Tx for acne, when penicillin in
contraindicated

Isoniazid
(Nydrazid)

Act on the DNA and/or RNA of bacteria,

leading to lack of growth and bacterial
death
Isoniazid: affects mycolic acid around the
bacterium

Pharmacokinetics

Contraindications

Adverse effects

ROP: IM, IV, rapid, 30-90

min
T1/2: 2-3 hrs, liver, urine
Crosses placenta and
breast milk
RPD: Oral, 30-60min, 810h
T1/2: 30-60 min, urine

Preexisting hearing loss

Parkinsonism
Pregnant and lactating
women

ROPD:
Oral, varies, 60-90min, 45h
IV, 10min, 30min, 4-5h
T1/2: 3.5-4h, liver, bile &
urine
ROPD: Oral, varies, 1h, 68h
T1/2: 1-1.4h, urine

Sun, UV light
Pregnant and lactating
women
Renal dysfunction

Hypotension, diarrhea,
photosensitivity, bone
marrow depression

Dec effect with iron

salts, sucralfate,
antacids
Avoid: NSAIDs

Allergies to penicillins
and cephalosporins

Glossitis, stomatitis,
lethargy, furry tongue,
gastritis

ROP: Oral, rapid, 1-4h

T1/2: 8-10h, urine

Allergies to sulfonamides,
sulfonylureas, thiazide
diuretics
Pregnant and lactating
women

Hepatocellular necrosis,
hematuria,
photophobia, StevensJohnson syndrome,
urticarial,
photosensitivity

Avoid: penicillin with

penicillinase-resistant
and tetracyclines,
aminoglycosides
Avoid: cyclosporine

ROP:
Oral, varies, 2-4h
Topical, minimal, 2-4h
T1/2: 6-12h, urine

Allergies to tetracyclines
and tartrazine
Pregnant and lactating
women
Used in caution 8yrs
younger due to damage
of bones and teeth

Discoloring and
inadequate calcification
of primary teeth of
fetus, photosensitivity
superinfection,
dysphagia, skeletal
effects

Allergy to cephalosporins
and penicillins
Pregnant and lactating
women

ROPD: Oral, varies, 1-2h, CNS dysfunction

Pregnancy, lactation
24h
T1/2: 1-4h, liver, urine

Sinusitis, nephrotoxicity,
vestibular paralysis,
bone marrow
depression, irreversible
deafness
Superinfection, bone
marrow depression, risk
for pseudomembranous
colitis paresthesias

Drug-Drug
Interactions
Synergistic with
penicillins,
cephalosporins
Avoid: diuretics,
anesthetics
Avoid:
aminoglycosides, oral
anticoagulants,
alcohol for 72h

Peripheral neuropathy,
hepatitis, gynecomastia,
lupus syndrome

Avoid: penicillin G
methoxyflurane
Food: Not effective
with food or dairy
products
Take on an empty
stomach 1h before or
2-3h after eating
Monitor: Taken with
Rifampin

 Tx of tuberculosis, or leprosy
Inhibits folate synthesis
Tx for leprosy, Pneumocytis carinii in AIDS,
recluse spider bites
Clindamycin Inhibit protein synthesis causing cell death
Tx for anaerobic bacteria, septicemia,
(Cleocin)
chronic bone and joint infections
Dapsone

Lincosamides

Macrolides

Erythromyci Interfere with protein synthesis

n (Ery-tab, Binds to cell membranes, causing change in
Eryc)
protein function and death, bactericidal or
bacteriostatic
Tx for respiratory, dermatological, urinary
tract and GI infections prophylaxis for
endocarditis before dental procedures

ROPD:
Hepatic, renal
Oral, varies, 1-2h, 8-12h
impairment
Pregnancy, lactation
IM, 20-30min, 1-3h, 812h
IV, immediate, mins,812h
Topical, min, 8-12h
T1/2: 2-3h, liver, urine &
feces
ROP:
Crosses placenta and
Oral, 1-2h, 1-4h
breastmilk
IV, rapid, 1h
T1/2: 3-5h, liver, bile &
urine

Pseudomembranous
colitis, hypotension,
cardiac arrest

Abdominal cramping,
superinfection, hearing
loss

Avoid: digoxin, oral

anticoagulants,
corticosteroids,
cycloserine
Take on empty
stomachwith full 8-oz
glass of water 1h
before, or 2-3h after
meals

Effects of dopamine
levels of the brain,
orthostatic hypotension,
urinary retention,
dyspnea
Vertigo, tremors,
neuropathy,
hallucinations,
paresthesias

Increased atropinelike effects when

taken with
anticholinergic drugs

Chills, diarrhea, rash,

dyspepsia, blurred
vision flu-like symptoms

Lack effectiveness if
combined with
hormonal
contraceptives or
protease inhibitors

Antivirals
Influenza A and
Respiratory
Viruses

Rimantadine Prevent shedding of the viral protein coat

(Flumadine)
and entry of virus
Prophylaxis and treatment of illness caused
by influenza A

ROP: Oral, slow, 6h

T1/2: 25.4h, urine

Lactation, pregnancy
Embryotoxic

Herpes, CMV

Acyclovir
(Zovirax)

ROPD:
Oral, varies, 1.5-2h,
unknown
IV, immediate, 1h, 8h
Topical, not generally
absorbed

Highly toxic, pregnancy,

lactation

ROP: Oral, rapid, 4h

T1/2: 45h, then 25-30h,
liver, urine

Pregnancy, lactation

HIV, AIDS
Nonnucleoside
Reverse
Transciptase
Inhibitors

Inhibit viral DNA replication by competing

with viral substrates to form shorter, noneffective DNA chains
Tx for DNA viruses herpes simplex, herpes
zoster, CMV

Nevirapine Bind directly to HIV reverse transcriptase,

(Viramune)
blocking both RNA and DNA-dependent
DNA polymerase activities
Prevent the transfer of information that
would allow the virus to carry on
formation of viral DNA
Tx for patients with demented AIDS or ARC
with decreased number of CD4 cells, HIV1-infected patients who have experienced
clinical or immunological deterioration

Avoid:
aminoglycosides,
zidovudine

 Nucleoside
Reverse
Transcriptase
Inhibitors

Zidovudine A thymidine analogue that is activated to a

(Retovir,
triphosphate form which inhibits the
Aztec)
replication of various retroviruses,
including HIV
Compete with naturally occurring
nucleosides which the virus uses to build
the DNA chain
DNA cannot lengthen, and cannot insert
itself into the host DNA because it lacks a
substances needed to extend the DNA
chain
Fosamprena Block protease activity within the HIV virus
vir (Lexiva)
(essential for maturation of virus, without
it an HIV virus is immature and noninfective, unable to fuse and inject itself
into a cell)
For adults with symptomatic HIV
Enfuvirtide Prevent fusion of the virus with the human
(Fuzeon)
cellular membrane, which prevents HIV-1
virus from entering the cell
TX for 6 yrs older with evidence of HIV-1
replication despite ongoing antiretroviral
therapy
Maraviroc
Block receptor site to which the HIV virus
(Selzentry)
needs to interact to enter the cell

ROP:
SAFE in pregnancy
Oral, varies, 30-90mins lactation
IV, rapid, end of infusion
T1/2: 30-60min, liver,
urine

Rash, insomnia, bone

marrow suppression

Avoid: cyclosporine

ROP: Oral, varies, 1.5 Pregnancy, lactation

4min
T1/2: 7.7h, liver, feces &
urine

Mood changes, fatigue,

Stevens-Johnson
syndrome redistribution
of body fat, elevated
cholesterol and
triglyceride levels
Anorexia, pneumonia
chills

Avoid: ritonavir

Integrase Inhibitor

Raltegravir
(Isentress)

ROP: Oral, rapid, 3h

T1/2: 9h, liver, feces &
urine

Hypersensitivity
Children, lactating
mothers

Paresthesias, cough,
URI, musculoskeletal
symptoms,
hepatotoxicity
Rhabdomyolysis,
myopathy

Avoid: cytochrome
P450 CYP3A inhibitors
CYP3A inducers, St.
Johns wort
Avoid: rifampin St.
Johns wort

Anti-hepatitis B
Agents

Adefovir
(Hepsera)

ROP: Oral, rapid, 0.6-4h

T1/2: 7.5h, urine

Lactation, pregnancy

Avoid: nephrotoxic
drugs

Locally Active
Antiviral Agents

Docosanol
(Abreva),
ganciclovir
(Vitrasert)

Asthenia, hepatomegaly
with steatosis, lactic
acidosis, exacerbation
of hepatitis B when
discontinued
Local burning, stinging,
discomfort

Protease Inhibitor

Fusion inhibitor

CCR5 Coreceptor
Antagonist

Antifungal Agents

Inhibits the activity of integrase, needed for

viral replication; blocking this enzyme
prevents the formation f HIV-1 provirus
and leads to decrease in viral load and
increase in active CD4 cells
For patients who have been treated with
other antivirals and have evidence of a
return to viral replication
Inhibits hepatitis B viruses by inhibiting
reverse transcriptase in the hepatitis B
virus and cause DNA termination leading
to blocked viral replication and decreased
viral load
Interfere with normal viral replication and
metabolic processes
For specific, local viral infections

ROP: SQ, slow, 4-8h

T1/2: 3.2-4.4h, liver,
tissue recycle amino
acids, not excreted

Hypersensitivity
Lactation, pregnancy

ROP: Oral, slow, 0.5-4h

Hypersensitivity
T1/2: 14-28h, liver, feces Pregnancy, lactation
Hepatitis B
& urine

None

Systemic
Antifungals
Azole Antifungals

Echinocandin
Antifungals

Other Antifungal
Agents
Amphotericin B

Nystatin

Topical
Antifungals
Azole Topical
Antifungals

Other Topical
Antifungals

Fluconazole Binds to sterols in the fungal cell

(Diflucan)
membrane, changing membrane
permeability; fungicidal or fungistatic
May also block activity of human steroids
testosterone, and cortisol
Anidulafungi Inhibit glucan synthesis, so cell wall cannot
n (Eraxis)
form, leading to death of cell wall

ROPD:
Oral, slow, 1-2h, 2-4d
IV, rapid, 1h, 2-4d
T1/2: 30h, liver, urine

Not associated with

endocrine problems
unlike ketoconazole
Pregnancy, lactation

Rash, pruritus, malaise,

abdominal pain

Avoid: cyclosporine,
digoxin, oral
hypoglycemic,
warfarin, phenytoin

IV for at least 14 days,

rapid
Metabolized by
degradation
T1/2: 40-50h, feces

Pregnancy, lactation

Hypersensitivity, bone
marrow suppression

Avoid: cyclosporine

Amphoterici Binds to sterols in the fungal cell wall,

nB
changing cell wall permeability
Reserved for progressive, potentially fatal
(Abelcet,
Amphotec)
infections

IV, urine
T1/2: 24h, then 15d

Okay with pregnancy but

with caution
Lactation

Bone marrow
suppression, weight
loss, thrombophlebitis

Avoid: nephrotoxic
drugs,
antineoplastics,
cyclosporine,
corticosteroids

Nystatin
Binds to sterols in cell wall, changing cell
(Mycostatin,
membrane permeability and allowing
Nilstat)
leaking of cellular components

Not absorbed in GI tract, Pregnancy, lactation

feces

Clotrimazole Alter cell permeability of the fungus causing

(Lotrimin,
prevention of replication and fungal death
For local treatment of mycoses, including
Mycelex)
tinea infections

Not absorbed
Allergy, open lesions
systemically and do not
undergo metabolism and
excretion in the body

Gentian
violet

Local irritation, burning,

rash, swelling change in
sexual activity, troche
urticarial, edema,
burning or irritation in
sexual partner

Very toxic when

absorbed
Near active lesions

Antiprotozoal Agents
Antimalarials

Other
Antiprotozoals

Chloroquine Enters human RBC and changes the

(Aralen)
metabolic pathways necessary for the
reproduction of the Plasmodium
Directly toxic to parasites, acidic and
decreases ability of parasite to synthesize
DNA leading to blockage of reproduction
Tx and prophylaxis for malaria,
extraintestinal amebiasis
Metronidazol Inhibit DNA synthesis in susceptible
e (Flagyl,
protozoa, interfering with cells ability to
MetroGel,
reproduce, leading to cell death

ROPD: Oral, varies, 1-2h, Liver disease, alcoholism

Pregnancy, lactation
1wk
Retinal disease, or
T1/2: 70-120h, liver,
urine
damage
Psoriasis, or porphyria

Visual disturbances,
retinal changes,
hypotension, dyspepsia,
loss of hair (changes in
protein synthesis of hair
follicles), cinchonism

Quinine derivatives +
quinine = cardiac
toxicity and
convulsions

ROP:
Oral, varies, 1-2h
IV, rapid, 1-2h

Ataxia, metallic taste,

darkening of urine, loss
of coordination cramps,

Avoid; alcohol at least

3 days after, oral
anticoagulants,

Hypersensitivity,
pregnancy, lactation
candidiasis

Noritate)

Tc for acute intestinal amebiasis, amebic

liver abscess, trichomoniasis, anaerobic
bacteria

T1/2: 6-8h, liver, urine &

feces

superinfections

ROP: Oral, slow, 2-4h

lactation, pregnancy
T1/2: 2.5-9h, liver, feces severe diarrhea,
Typical 3-day course ad
malnourishment
can be repeated in 3
weeks if needed

Transient abdominal
pain, malaise, pruritus,
loss of hair, severe bone
marrow depression

Chlorambucil produce cytotoxic effects by reacting

(Leukeran)
chemically with portions of RNA, DNA and
other cellular proteins, being most potent
when they divide with cellular DNA
most useful in the treatment of slowgrowing cancers like lymphomas,
leukemia, myelomas, etc
Methotrexate inhibits folic acid reductase leading to
(Rheumatrex,
inhibition of both DNA synthesis and
Trexal)
cellular replication; affects the most
rapidly dividing cells
Tx for leukemia, and some GI and basal cell
cancers

ROPD: Oral, varies, 1h,

15-20h
T1/2: 60-90min, liver,
urine

pregnancy, lactation
allergy, bone marrow
suppression,

Tremors, muscle
twitching, sterility,
cancer

ROP:
Oral, varies, 1-4h
IV, rapid, 0.5-2h
T1/2: 2-4h, urine
Readily crosses the
blood-brain barrier

pregnancy, lactation
GI ulcerations, ulcerative
disease

Doxorubicin Binds to DNA and inhibits DNA synthesis in

(Adriamycin,
susceptible cells, causing cell death
Cytotoxic and interfere with cellular DNA
Doxil)
synthesis by inserting themselves
between base pairs in the DNA chain
which causes a mutant DNA molecule
Vincristine
Arrests mitotic division at the stage of
(Navelbine)
metaphase
Mitotic inhibitors interfere with the ability of
a cell to divide; they block or alter DNA
synthesis, causing cell death
Work in M phase of the cell cycle
Tx for tumors and leukemia
Tamoxifen
Competes with estrogen for binding sites in
(Soltamox)
target tissues, such as the breast, a potent
antiestrogenic agent
Receptor-site specific or hormone specific to

ROPD: IV, rapid, 2h, 2436h

T1/2: 12min, then 3.3h,
then 29.6h, liver, bile,
feces & urine

disulfiram

Anthelmintic Agents
Anthelmintics

Mebendazol irreversibly blocks glucose uptake by

e (Vermox)
susceptible helminths, depleting glycogen
stores needed for survival and
reproduction, causing death of helminth

Antineoplastics
Alkylating
Agents

Antimetabolites

Antineoplastic
antibiotics

Mitotic
Inhibitors

Hormone and
Hormone
Modulators

ROP: IV, varies, 15-30min

T1/2: 5min, then 2.3h,

then 85h, liver, feces &
urine

ROP: Oral, varies, 4-7h

T1/2: 7-14d, liver, feces

Alopecia, ulcerative
stomatitis, severe bone
marrow suppression,
anaphylaxis, interstitial
pneumonitis
Leucovorin or
levoleucovorin drug
that counteracts the
effects of treatment
with methotrexate
Pregnancy, lactation
Cardiac toxicity,
Ulcerations
complete but reversible
Pulmonary problems
alopecia, mucositis, red
urine,
myelosuppression,
pancytopenia
Bone marrow suppression Ataxia, neuritic pain,
GI ulcerations
muscle wasting,
leukopenia, death,
cranial nerve
manifestations, weight
loss, alopecia,
extravasation
Bone marrow suppression Hot flashes, vaginal
bleeding, menstrual
irregularities, edema,
pain, CVA, pulmonary

oral anti-coagulants

Avoid: oralanticoagulants

block the stimulation of growing cancer

cells that are sensitive to the presence of
that hormone
Tx for breast cancer in postmenopausal
women, women without ovarian function
Cancer Cellspecific Agents
Protein Tyrosine
Kinase
Inhibitors

Imatinib
(Gleevec)

Epidermal
Growth Factor
Inhibitor

Erlotinic
(Tarceva)

Proteasome
Inhibitor

Ortezomib
(Velcade)

Act on specific enzymes that are needed for

protein building by specific tumor cells
Blocking of enzymes inhibits tumor cell
growth and division
Do not affect healthy human cells
Tx for chronic myelocytic leukemia
Inhibit cells epidermal growth factor
receptors
Growth factor is found on normal and
cancerous cells but more abundant on
rapidly growing cells
Tx for multiple myeloma in patients whose
disease had progressed after two standard
therapies
Inhibits proteasome in human cells, a large
protein complex that works to maintain
homeostasis and protein production
Without it, cell loses homeostasis and dies
Delay growth in selected tumors

emboli, hypercalcemia

Oral

Take with meal and

full glass of water
provide analgesics for
headache and muscle
pain, monitor cbc

Oral

pregnancy

Interstitial lung disease

IV

Pregnancy category D
Use barrier
contraceptives while
taking this drug
Lactation
hypersensitivity

Peripheral neuropathies
hypotension, bone
marrow suppressions

Anti-inflammatory, Antiarthritis, and Related Agents

Salicylates

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory and

Related Agents
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory
Drugs

Aspirin
(Bayer,
Empirin)

inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins;

blocks the effects of pyrogens at the
hypothalamus; inhibits platelet
aggregation by blocking thromboxane A2
Tx of mild to moderate pain, fever,
inflammatory conditions, reduction of risk
of myocardial infarction and transient
ischemic attack or stroke

ROPD:
Oral, 5-30min, 0.25-2h,
3-6h
Rectal, 1-2h, 4-5h, 6-8h
T1/2: 15min-12h, liver,
urine

Pregnancy, lactation
Allegy to salicylates,
NSAIDs, etc
Bleeding abnormalities

Ibuprofen
(Motrin,
Advil)

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by blocking

cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 receptor sites,
leading to an anti-inflammatory effect,
analgesia, and antipyretic agents

ROPD:
Pregnancy, lactation
Oral, 30min, 1-2h, 4-6h Allergy to NSAIDs or
IV, start of infusion, min,
salicylate, and
4-6h
celecoxib with
T1/2: 1.8-2.5h, liver,
sulfonamides
Cardiovascular
urine
dysfunction,

Heartburn, Epigastric
discomfort, ringing in
the ears

Take with food

Monitor for severe
reactions
Well hydrated

Somnolence,
dyspepsia, bleeding,
lithium toxicity

Decreased diuretic
effect when taken
with loop diuretics

 Acetaminophen

Antiarthritis
Agents
Gold Compounds

ROPD: Oral, varies, 0.52h, 3-6h

T1/2: 1-3h, liver, urine

Taken up by macrophages, which inhibits

phagocytosis and release of lysosomal
enzymes that cause damage associated
with inflammation
Prevent further damage and most effective
if used early in the disease
Tx for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Hyalurodinas Elastic and viscous properties cushion and
e derivatives
lubricate the joint and relieve the pain
(hylan G-F
associated with degenerative arthritis
20, Synvisc) Given weekly for 3-5wks

ROP: IM, slow, 4-6h

T1/2: 3-7, urine & feces

Not absorbed
systemically

Allergy to drugs and

animal products from
which they are derived
Acute infection

Aurothiogluc
ose
(Solganal)

Disease-Modifying
Antirheumatic
Drugs

hypertension
Chronic alcoholism

Acetaminoph Managing pain and fever in children; used

en (Tylenol)
in place of the NSAIDs or salicylates
Acts directly on the hypothalamus to cause
vasodilation and sweating, which will
reduce fever
Tx for musculoskeletal pain associated with
arthritis and rheumatic disorders

Severe diabetes
Allergy to gold
Congestive heart failure
Severe debilitation

Chest pain, hemolytic

anemia, bone marrow
suppression

Antidote:
acetylcystine
Avoid: oral
anticoagulants,
chronic ethanol
ingestion
barbiturates, rifampin

Bone marrow
depression,
anaphylactic shock,
gold btonchitis

Avoid: penicillamine,
antimalarials,
cytotoxic drugs, or
immunosuppressive
drugs

Local irritation at
injection sites

Avoid: injecting at the

same time with local
anesthetics

Drugs acting on the Immune System

Immune
Stimulants
Interferons

Interleukins

Immune
Suppressants
T- and B-Cell
Suppressors

Interferon
alpha-2b
(Intron-A)

Aldesleukin
(Proleukin)

Inhibits growth of tumor cells and enhances

the immune response
Interferons act to prevent virus particles
from replicating inside cells
Tx for AIDs-related Kaposi sarcoma, chronic
Hepatitis B and C
Activate human cellular immunity and
inhibits tumor growth through increases in
lymphocytes, platelets and cytokines
Increase in number of natural killer cells and
lymphocytes, in cytokine activity, and
number of circulating platelets

Cyclosporine Block antibody production by B cells, inhibit

(Sandimmun
suppressor and helper T cells, and modify
e)
release of interleukins and of T-cell growth
factor
Reversibly inhibits immunocompetent
lymphocytes
For prevention and tx of specific transplant

ROP:
Teratogenic
Use barrier
IM, SQ, rapid, 3-12h
IV, rapid, end of infusion
contraceptives for
T1/2: 2-3h, kidney
women of childbearing
age
Lactation
ROPD: IV, 5min, 13min,
3-4h
T1/2: 85min, kidney,
urine

Personality changes, dry

skin, flu-like syndrome

None

Respiratory difficulties,
CNS changes, cardiac
arrhythmias GI bleed

None

ROP:
Know allergy
Pregnancy, lactation
PO, varies, 3.5h
IV, rapid, 1-2h
T1/2: 19-27h, liver, bile &
urine

Tremor, hypertension,
gum hyperplasia,
hirsutism, acne

Avoid: alcohol,
phenytoin

 InterleukinReceptor
Antagonist

Anakinra
(Kineret)

Monoclonal
Antibodies

UromonabCD3
(Orthoclone
OKT3)

rejections, rheumatoid arthritis, and

recalcitrant poriasis
Antagonizes human interleukin-1 receptors,
blocking the activity of interleukin-1
Tx to reduce signs and symptoms of
moderately to severely active rheumatoid
arthritis in 18yrs older
Reacts as an antibody to the antigen of
human T cells; functions as an
immunosuppressant by enabling T cells

Recommended dosage: Allergy to E.Coli-produced

100mg/d, SQ
products
T1/2: 4-6h, tissues, urine

Upper respiratory
infections, injection-site
reactions, sinusitis

Monitor: when taking

etanercept
Avoid: Abatacept

ROPD: IV, min, 2-7d, 7d

T1/2: 47-100h, tissues

Allergy, murine products

Presence of fluid overload
Be cautious with fever
Other
immunosuppressants

Acute pulmonary edma,

dyspnea, increased
susceptibility to
infection

Avoid: other
immunosuppressant
drugs

Immune deficiency
Lactation, pregnancy
Receiving
immunoglobulins
Receive blood or blood
products within the last
3 months
History of febrile
convulsions, cerebral
injury
Acute infection
Severe reaction to any
immune sera
Pregnancy, lactation
Coagulation defects,
thrombocytopenia
Previous exposure to
immune sera

Fretfulness, drowsiness,
irritability, moderate
fever, hypersensitivity,
inflammation, burning,
stinging wheal or flare
at site of injection

Avoid:
immunosuppressant
drugs, corticosteroids

Tenderness, muscle
stiffness at site of
injection, urticarial,
angioedema, chills,
chest tightness

Avoid:
immunosuppressant
drugs, corticosteroids

Vaccines
Vaccines

MMR (M-M-R- Stimulate active immunity in people who

II)
are at high risk for development of a
particular disease
Though to provide lifelong immunity to the
disease against which patient is
immunized

ROP: IM, rapid, 3-12h

T1/2: unknown, tissues

Immune Sera

Immune
Provide performed antibodies to Hepatitis A,
globulin,
measles, varicella, rubella
Intramuscular Provides a passive, short-term immunity
Prophylaxis for Hepatitis A, measles,
(BayGam)
varicella, rubella, immunoglobulin
deficiency

ROP: IM, slow, 2-5d

T1/2: unknown, tissues