Lucifer

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Lucifer (disambiguation).

Satan, who in Milton's Paradise Lost is also called Lucifer,[1] on his way to bring about the downfall of Adam.Gustave Doré's illustration for Paradise Lost, Book III, lines 739-742 by John Milton.

Lucifer is a Latin word (from the words lucem ferre), literally meaning "light-bearer", which in that language is used as a name for the dawn appearance of the

planet Venus, heralding daylight. Use of the word in this sense is uncommon in English, in which "Day Star" or "Morning Star" are more common expressions.

In English, "Lucifer" generally refers to the Devil, although the name is not applied to him in the New Testament. The use of the name "Lucifer" in reference to

a fallen angel stems from an interpretation of Isaiah 14:3–20, a passage that speaks of a particular Babylonian King, to whom it gives the title of "Day Star",

"Morning Star" (in Latin, lucifer),[2] as fallen or destined to fall from the heavens or sky.[3] In 2 Peter 1:19 and elsewhere, the same Latin word lucifer is used to refer

to the Morning Star, with no relation to the devil. However, in post-New Testament times the Latin word Lucifer has often been used as a name for the devil, both in

religious writing and in fiction.

Contents

[hide]

• 1 Satan as Lucifer

o 1.1 The Lucifer story

o 1.2 The Morning Star in Isaiah 14:12

o 1.3 Islamic point of view

 o 1.4 Other readings

• 2 Use of the word "lucifer" in the Bible

• 3 Astronomical significance

• 4 "Lucifer" as Latin name for the Morning Star

• 5 The Taxil Hoax: Lucifer's alleged connection with Freemasonry

• 6 Occult beliefs

• 7 Gallery

• 8 See also

• 9 References

• 10 Further reading

• 11 External links

[edit]Satan as Lucifer

[edit]The Lucifer story

A myth of the fall of angels, associated with the Morning Star, was transferred to Satan, as seen in the Life of Adam and Eve and the Second Book of Enoch,

[4]
which the Jewish Encyclopediaattributes to the first pre-Christian century:[5] in these Satan-Sataniel (sometimes identified with Samael) is described as having

been one of the archangels. Because he contrived "to make his throne higher than the clouds over the earth and resemble 'My power' on high", Satan-Sataniel

was hurled down, with his hosts of angels, and since then he has been flying in the air continually above theabyss.[6]

Gustave Doré's illustration for Milton's Paradise Lost, Book IV, lines 1013–1015: Satan (alias Lucifer) yielding before Raphael
Early Christian writers continued this identification of "Lucifer" with Satan. Tertullian ("Contra Marcionem," v. 11, 17), Origen ("Ezekiel Opera," iii. 356), and others,

identify Lucifer with Satan, who also is represented as being "cast down from heaven" (Revelation 12:7–10; cf. Luke 10:18).[6]

However, some contemporary exorcists and theologians such as Father Jose Antonio Fortea and Father Amorth in their experience and based on Biblical

interpretations assert that Lucifer and Satan are different beings.[7]

In the New Testament the Adversary has many names, but "Lucifer" is not among them. He is called "Satan" (Matt. 4:10; Mark 1:13, 4:15; Luke 10:18), "devil"

(Matt. 4:1), "adversary" (1. Peter 5:8, ἀντίδικος; 1. Tim. 5:14, ἀντικείμενος), "enemy" (Matt. 13:39), "accuser" (Rev. 12:10), "old serpent" (Rev. 20:2), "great dragon"

(Rev. 12:9), Beelzebub (Matt. 10:25, 12:24), and Belial (comp. Samael). In Luke 10:18, John 12:31, 2. Cor. 6:16, and Rev. 12:9 the fall of Satan is mentioned. The

devil is regarded as the author of all evil (Luke 10:19; Acts 5:3; 2. Cor. 11:3; Ephes. 2:2), who beguiled Eve (2. Cor. 11:3; Rev. 12:9). Because of Satan, death

came into this world, being ever the tempter (1. Cor. 7:5; 1. Thess. 3:5; 1. Peter 5:8), even as he tempted Jesus (Matt. 4). The Christian demonology and belief in

the devil dominated subsequent periods.[8] However, though the New Testament includes the conception that Satan fell from heaven "as lightning" (Luke 10:18;

Rev. 12:7-10),[9] it nowhere applies the name Lucifer to him.

The Jewish Encyclopedia states that in the apocalyptic literature, the conception of fallen angels is widespread. Throughout antiquity stars were commonly

regarded as living celestial beings (Job 38:7).[9] Indications of this belief in fallen angels, behind which probably lies the symbolizing of an astronomical

phenomenon, the shooting stars, are found in Isaiah 14:12.

[edit]The Morning Star in Isaiah 14:12

The Book of Isaiah has the following passage:

When the Lord has given you rest from your pain and turmoil and the hard service with which you were made to serve, you will take up this taunt against the king

of Babylon: How the oppressor has ceased! How his insolence has ceased! … How you are fallen from heaven, O Day Star, son of Dawn! How you are cut down

to the ground, you who laid the nations low! You said in your heart, "I will ascend to heaven; I will raise my throne above the stars of God; I will sit on the mount of

assembly on the heights of Zaphon; I will ascend to the tops of the clouds, I will make myself like the Most High." But you are brought down to Sheol, to the depths

of the Pit. Those who see you will stare at you, and ponder over you: "Is this the man who made the earth tremble, who shook kingdoms, who made the world like

a desert and overthrew its cities, who would not let his prisoners go home?[10]

The passage refers to the king of Babylon, a man who seemed all-powerful, but who has been brought down to the abode of the dead ("Sheol"). Isaiah promises

that the Israelites will be freed and will then be able to use in a taunting song against their oppressor the image of the Morning Star, which rises at dawn as the

brightest of the stars, outshining Jupiter and Saturn, but lasting only until the sun appears. This image was used in an old popular Canaanite story that the Morning

Star tried to rise high above the clouds and establish himself on the mountain where the gods assembled, in the far north, but was cast down into the underworld.[6]

[11]

The phrase "O Day Star, son of Dawn" in the New Revised Standard Version translation given above corresponds to the Hebrew phrase " ‫שחר‬
ׁ‫( "הילל בן־‬Helel Ben-

Shachar) in verse 12, meaning "morning star, son of dawn". As the Latin poets personified the Morning Star and the Dawn (Aurora), as well as the Sun and the

Moon and other heavenly bodies, so in Canaanite mythology Morning Star and Dawn were pictured as two deities, the former being the son of the latter.[12]

ׁ‫( "הילל בן־‬morning star, son of dawn) as "lucifer qui mane oriebaris" (morning star that used to rise early).[13] Already, as
In the Latin Vulgate, Jerome translated " ‫שחר‬

early as the Christian writersTertullian and Origen,[11] the whole passage had come to be applied to Satan. Satan began to be referred to as "Lucifer" (Morning
Star), and finally the word "Lucifer" was treated as a proper name. The use of the word "Lucifer" in the 1611 King James Version instead of a word such as

"Daystar" ensured its continued popularity among English speakers.

Most modern English versions (including the NIV, NRSV, NASB, NJB and ESV) render the Hebrew word as "day star", "morning star" or something similar, and

never as "Lucifer", a word that in English is now very rarely used in the sense of the original word in Hebrew (Morning Star), though in Latin "Lucifer" was a literal

translation.

A passage quite similar to that in Isaiah is found in Ezekiel 28:1–19, which is expressly directed against the king of Tyre, a city on an island that had grown rich by

trade, factors alluded to in the text.[14] In Christian tradition, it too has been applied to Lucifer, because of some of the expressions contained in it.[15] But, since it

does not contain the image of the Morning Star, discussion of it belongs rather to the article on Satan than to that on Lucifer.

Lucifer (Le génie du mal) byGuillaume Geefs (Cathedral of St. Paul,Liège, Belgium)

The same holds for the Christian depiction of Satan in other books of the Old Testament as, for instance, in the Book of Job, where Satan, who has been

wandering the Earth, has a discussion with God and makes a deal with him to test Job.

The Tyndale Bible Dictionary states that there are many who believe the expression "Lucifer" and the surrounding context in Isaiah 14 refer to Satan: they believe

the similarities among Isaiah 14:12, Luke 10:18, and Revelation 12:7–10 warrant this conclusion. But it points out that the context of the Isaiah passage is about

the accomplished defeat of the king of Babylon, while the New Testament passages speak of Satan.[11]

[edit]Islamic point of view

According to the Qur'an, Iblis (the Arabic name used) disobeyed an order from Allah to bow to Adam and as a result was forced out of heaven and given respite

until the day of judgment from further punishment.

When Allah commanded all of the angels to bow down before Adam (the first Human), Iblis, full of hubris and jealousy, refused to obey Allah's command (he could

do so because, as a jinn, he had free will), seeing Adam as being inferior in creation due to his being created from clay as compared to him (created of fire).[16]
"It is We Who created you and gave you shape; then We bade the angels prostrate to Adam, and they prostrate; not so Iblis (Lucifer); He refused to

be of those who prostrate."

(Allah) said: "What prevented thee from prostrating when I commanded thee?" He said: "I am better than he: Thou didst create me from fire, and him

from clay."

Qur'an 7:11–12

It was after this that the title of "Shaitan" was given, which can be roughly translated as "Mischievous" or "Devil". Shaitan then claims that if the

punishment for his act of disobedience is to be delayed until the Day of Judgment, that he will divert many of Adam's own descendants from the

straight path during his period of respite.[17] Allah accepts the claims of Iblis and guarantees recompense to Iblis and his followers in the form of

Hellfire. To test mankind and jinn alike, Allah allowed Iblis to roam the Earth to attempt to convert others away from his path.[18] He was sent to

Earth along with Adam and Eve, after eventually luring them into eating the fruit from the forbidden tree.[19]

[edit]Other readings

Joseph Campbell (1972: pp. 148–149) illustrates an unorthodox Islamic reading of Lucifer's fall from Heaven, which champions Lucifer's

eclipsing love for God:

One of the most amazing images of love that I know is in Persian – a mystical Persian representation as Satan as the most loyal lover of God.

You will have heard the old legend of how, when God created the angels, he commanded them to pay worship to no one but himself; but then,

creating man, he commanded them to bow in reverence to this most noble of his works, and Lucifer refused – because, we are told, of his pride.

However, according to this Muslim reading of his case, it was rather because he loved and adored God so deeply and intensely that he could not

bring himself to bow before anything else, and because he refused to bow down to something inferior to him (since he was made of fire, and

man from clay). And it was for that that he was flung into Hell, condemned to exist there forever, apart from his love.

This interpretation of the satanic rebellion described in the Quran is seen by some Sufi teachers such as Mansur Al-Hallaj (in his 'Tawasin') as a

predestined scenario in which Iblis-Shaitan plays the role of tragic and jealous lover who, unable to perceive the Divine Image in Adam and

capable only of seeing the exterior, disobeyed the divine mandate to bow down. His refusal (according to the Tawasin) was due to a

misconceived idea of God's uniqueness and because of his refusal to abandon himself to God in love. Hallaj criticized the staleness of Iblis'

adoration. Excerpts from Sufi texts expounding this interpretation have been included along with many other viewpoints on Shaitan (by no

means all of them apologetic) in an important anthology of Sufi texts edited by Dr. Javad Nurbakhsh, head of the Nimatullahi Sufi Order.[20]

The Sufi teacher Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan taught that 'Luciferian Light' is Light that has become dislocated from the Divine Source and is thus

associated with the seductive false light of the lower ego, which lures humankind into self-centered delusion.[21] Here Lucifer represents what the

Sufis term the 'Nafs', the ego.

[edit]Use of the word "lucifer" in the Bible

The Vulgate (Latin) version of the Christian Bible used the word "lucifer" (with lower-case initial) twice to refer to the Morning Star: once

in 2 Peter 1:19 to translate the Greek word Φωσφόρος, a word, from φῶς (light), that has exactly the same meaning of Light-Bringer that the

Latin word has, and once in Isaiah 14:12 to translate the Hebrew word ‫( הילל‬Hêlēl).[22] In the latter passage the title of "Morning Star" is given to
the tyrannous Babylonian king, who the prophet says is destined to fall. This passage was later applied to the prince of the demons, and so the

name "Lucifer" came to be used outside the Bible for the devil, and was popularized in works such as Dante Alighieri's Inferno and John

Milton's Paradise Lost, but for English speakers the greatest influence has been its use in the King James Version of Isa 14:12 to translate the

Hebrew word ‫הילל‬, which more modern English versions render as "Morning Star" or "Day Star". A similar passage in Ezekiel 28:11–19regarding

the "king of Tyre" was also applied to the devil, contributing to the traditional picture of the fallen angel.

The Vulgate translation uses "lucifer" (Morning Star) twice to translate words in the Book of Job that meant something different: once to

represent the word "23]"‫( ]בקר‬which instead means "morning") inJob 11:17, and once for the word "‫( "מזרות‬usually taken to mean "the

constellations") in Job 38:32. The same Latin word appears also in the Vulgate version of Psalms 110:3, where the original has "‫שחר‬
ׁ " (dawn, the

same word as in Isaiah 14:12).

The Vulgate did not use the Latin word lucifer to represent the two references to the Morning Star in the Book of Revelation . In both cases the

original Greek text uses a circumlocution instead of the single word "φωσφόρος", and a corresponding circumlocution is used in the Latin. Thus

"stella matutina" is used for "ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρωϊνός" in Revelation 2:28, which promises the Morning Star to those who persevere, and for "ὁ ἀστὴρ

ὁ πρωϊνός" (or, according to some manuscripts, "ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ ὀρθρινός") in Revelation 22:16, where Jesus calls himself "the bright morning star".

The English word "Lucifer" is used in none of these places (other than Isaiah 14:12), where the Latin translation uses the Latin word "lucifer" (i.e.,

morning star).

Outside the Bible, the Roman Rite liturgy's Exultet chant in praise of the paschal candle refers to Christ as the Morning Star (in Latin, lucifer, with

lower-case initial):

May the Morning Star which never sets Flammas eius lucifer matutinus inveniat:

find this flame still burning: ille, inquam, lucifer, qui nescit occasum,

Christ, that Morning Star, Christus Filius tuus qui,

who came back from the dead, regressus ab inferis,

and shed his peaceful light on all mankind, humano generi serenus illuxit,

your Son, who lives and reigns for ever and ever. et vivit et regnat in saecula saeculorum.

[edit]Astronomical significance

Because the planet Venus is an inferior planet, meaning that its orbit lies between the orbit of the Earth and the Sun, it can never rise high in the

sky at night as seen from Earth. It can be seen in the eastern morning sky for an hour or so before the Sun rises, and in the western evening sky

for an hour or so after the Sun sets, but never during the dark of midnight.

It is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun and the Moon. As bright and as brilliant as it is, ancient people did not understand why they

could not see it at midnight like the outer planets, or during midday, like the Sun and Moon. It outshines the planets Saturn and Jupiter, which do

last all night, but it soon disappears. Canaanite mythology has a story of an unsuccessful attempt by Athtar, the Morning Star pictured as a god,

to take over the throne of Baal.[24][25]

 A 2nd-century sculpture of the moon goddess Selene accompanied by Hesperusand Phosphorus: the corresponding Latin names are Luna, Vesper and Lucifer.

[edit]"Lucifer" as Latin name for the Morning Star

In Latin, the word "Lucifer", meaning "Light-Bringer" (from lux, lucis, "light", and ferre, "to bear, bring"), is a name used for the Morning Star

(the planet Venusin its dawn appearances). [26] The word is used in its astronomical sense both in prose[27] and poetry,[28] but most

poets personify the star in a mythological context.[29]

[edit]The Taxil Hoax: Lucifer's alleged connection with Freemasonry

Léo Taxil (1854–1907) claimed that Freemasonry is associated with worshipping Lucifer. In what is known as the Taxil hoax, he claimed that

supposedly leading Freemason Albert Pike had addressed "The 23 Supreme Confederated Councils of the world" (an invention of Taxil),

instructing them that Lucifer was God, and was in opposition to the evil god Adonai. Apologists of Freemasonry contend that, when Albert Pike

and other Masonic scholars spoke about the "Luciferian path," or the "energies of Lucifer," they were referring to the Morning Star, the light

bearer,[30] the search for light; the very antithesis of dark, satanic evil. Taxil promoted a book by Diana Vaughan (actually written by himself, as

he later confessed publicly) [31] that purported to reveal a highly secret ruling body called the Palladium, which controlled the organization and had

a Satanic agenda. As described by Freemasonry Disclosed in 1897:

With frightening cynicism, the miserable person we shall not name here [Taxil] declared before an assembly especially convened for him that for

twelve years he had prepared and carried out to the end the most sacrilegious of hoaxes. We have always been careful to publish special articles

concerning Palladism and Diana Vaughan. We are now giving in this issue a complete list of these articles, which can now be considered as not

having existed.[32]

Taxil's work and Pike's address continue to be quoted by anti-masonic groups.[33]

In Devil-Worship in France, Arthur Edward Waite compared Taxil's work to what today we would call a tabloid story, replete with logical

and factual inconsistencies.

See also "Lucifer and Satan" at the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon website.

[edit]Occult beliefs
The Sigil of Lucifer ("Seal of Satan") amagical sigil[34] used occasionally as an emblem by Satanists

In the modern occultism of Dolores North (alias Madeline Montalban) (died 1982)[35] Lucifer's identification as the Morning Star (Venus)

equates him with Lumiel, whom she regarded as the Archangel of Light, and among Satanists he is seen as the "Torch of Baphomet"

and Azazel.

In the Satanic Bible of 1969, Lucifer is acknowledged as one of the Four Crown Princes of Hell, particularly that of the East. Lord of the

Air, Lucifer has been named "Bringer of Light, the Morning Star, Intellectualism, Enlightenment."

Author Michael W. Ford[36] has written on Lucifer as a "mask" of the Adversary, a motivator and illuminating force of the mind and

subconscious.[37]

[edit]Gallery

Lucifer, by Alessandro Vellutello (1534), Lucifer, by William Blake, for cover of 1887 edition ofMario Rapisardi's Lucifer before the Lord, by

for Dante's Inferno, canto 34 Dante's Inferno, canto 34 poemLucifero Mihály Zichy (19th century)

Lucifer, the Fallen Angel, by James Mayor Hall and Lucifer, by an The planet Venus, either as the Morning Star (in

Donahue unknown artist (1870) Latin, Lucifer) or as the Evening Star (in Latin,

Hesperus)

[edit]See also
  Christianity

 Devil

 Earendel

 Eosphoros

 Iblis

 Luceafăr

 Lucifer in popular culture

 Luciferianism

 War in Heaven

[edit]References

1. ^ Milton's poem uses the name "Lucifer" only three times, as against 72 mentions of "Satan". The name used in this

context is "Satan".

2. ^ The word in the original text in Hebrew is ‫היֵלל‬

ֵ (transliteration: helel; definition: a shining one – Strong's Hebrew

Numbers, 1966).

3. ַ֫ ‫ש‬
^ The word in the original text is Hebrew ‫מִים‬ ָׁ (transliteration: shamayim; definition: heaven, sky – Strong's Hebrew

Numbers, 8064).

4. ^ Verses 29:4, 31:4 of the longer recension manuscript R

5. ^ "The Lucifer myth was transferred to Satan in the pre-Christian century, as may be learned from Vita Adæ et Evæ

(12) and Slavonic Enoch (xxix. 4, xxxi. 4)" – article Lucifer

6. ^ a b c Jewish Encyclopedia: article Lucifer

7. ^ Jose [Fortea] Cucurull, Summa Daemoniaca 2004. (ISBN 84-933788-2-8)

8. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: article Satan

9. ^ a b Jewish Encyclopedia: article Fall Of Angels

10. ^ Isaiah 14:3–4, 14:12–17

11. ^ a b c Tyndale Bible Dictionary (Carol Stream, Illinois 2001 ISBN 978-1-4143-1945-2), article Lucifer (p. 829)

12. ^ "Verses 12–15 seem to be based on a Phoenician model. At all events, they display several points of contact with

the Ras-Shamra poems: Daystar and Dawn were two divinities; the "mount of Assembly" was where the gods used to meet,

like Mount Olympus in Greek mythology. The Fathers identified the fall of the Morning Star (Vulgate, Lucifer) with that of the prince

of the demons" (note in the New Jerusalem Bible).

13. ^ The Septuagint Greek translation of the phrase uses the same interpretation of "son of dawn": ὁ ἑωσφόρος ὁ πρωὶ

ἀνατέλλων.
14. ^ Your heart is proud and you have said, "I am a god; I sit in the seat of the gods, in the heart of the seas" … By your

great wisdom in trade you have increased your wealth, and your heart has become proud in your wealth (verses 2 and 5)

15. ^ With an anointed cherub as guardian I placed you; you were on the holy mountain of God; you walked among the

stones of fire. You were blameless in your ways from the day that you were created, until iniquity was found in you. In the

abundance of your trade you were filled with violence, and you sinned; so I cast you as a profane thing from the mountain of God,

and the guardian cherub drove you out from among the stones of fire (verses 14–16).

16. ^ [Qur'an 17:61]; [Qur'an 2:34]

17. ^ [Qur'an 17:62]

18. ^ [Qur'an 17:63–64]

19. ^ [Qur'an 7:20–22]

20. ^ Nurbakhsh, Javad. The Great Satan 'Eblis'. KNP, 1999. ISBN 0933546238.

21. ^ Universel.net

22. ^ In the Greek translation of this passage the word used is Ἑωσφόρος – from ἔως, meaning dawn – which literally

means Dawn-Bringer.

23. ^ Hebrew text

24. ^ John Day, Yahweh and the gods and goddesses of Canaan (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002 ISBN

0826468306, 9780826468307), pp. 172–173

25. ^ Gregory A. Boyd, God at War: The Bible & Spiritual Conflict (InterVarsity Press, 1997 ISBN 0830818855,

9780830818853), pp. 159–160

26. ^ Lewis and Short

27. ^ Cicero wrote: Stella Veneris, quae Φωσφόρος Graece, Latine dicitur Lucifer, cum antegreditur solem, cum

subsequitur autem Hesperos (The star of Venus, called Φωσφόρος in Greek and Lucifer in Latin when it precedes, Hesperos when

it follows the sun – De Natura Deorum 2, 20, 53.

Pliny the Elder: Sidus appellatum Veneris … ante matutinum exoriens Luciferi nomen accipit … contra ab occasu refulgens

nuncupatur Vesper (The star called Venus … when it rises in the morning is given the name Lucifer … but when it shines at sunset

it is called Vesper) Natural History 2, 36

28. ^ Virgil wrote:

Luciferi primo cum sidere frigida rura

carpamus, dum mane novum, dum gramina canent

(Let us hasten, when first the Morning Star appears, to the cool pastures, while the day is new, while the grass is

dewy) Georgics 3:324–325.

29. ^ Ovid wrote:

… vigil nitido patefecit ab ortu

purpureas Aurora fores et plena rosarum

atria: diffugiunt stellae, quarum agmina cogit

 Lucifer et caeli statione novissimus exit

(Aurora, awake in the glowing east, opens wide her bright doors, and her rose-filled courts. The stars, whose ranks are shepherded

by Lucifer the morning star, vanish, and he, last of all, leaves his station in the sky – Metamorphoses 2.114–115; A. S. Kline's

Version

And Lucan:

Lucifer a Casia prospexit rupe diemque

misit in Aegypton primo quoque sole calentem

(The morning-star looked forth from Mount Casius and sent the daylight over Egypt, where even sunrise is hot) Lucan, Pharsalia,

10:434–435; English translation by J.D.Duff (Loeb Classical Library) AndStatius:

Et iam Mygdoniis elata cubilibus alto

impulerat caelo gelidas Aurora tenebras,

rorantes excussa comas multumque sequenti

sole rubens; illi roseus per nubila seras

aduertit flammas alienumque aethera tardo

Lucifer exit equo, donec pater igneus orbem

impleat atque ipsi radios uetet esse sorori

(And now Aurora rising from her Mygdonian couch had driven the cold darkness on from high in the heavens, shaking out her dewy

hair, her face blushing red at the pursuing sun – from him roseate Lucifer averts his fires lingering in the clouds and with reluctant

horse leaves the heavens no longer his, until the blazing father make full his orb and forbid even his sister her

beams) Statius, Thebaid 2, 134–150; Translated by A. L. Ritchie and J. B. Hall in collaboration with M. J. Edwards

30. ^ "Lucifer, the Son of the Morning! Is it he who bears the Light, and with its splendors intolerable blinds feeble,

sensual, or selfish Souls? Doubt it not!" (Albert Pike, Morals and Dogma, p. 321). Much has been made of this quote (Masonic

information: Lucifer).

31. ^ Leo Taxil's confession

32. ^ Freemasonry Disclosed April 1897

33. ^ "Leo Taxil: The tale of the Pope and the Pornographer". Retrieved 14 September 2006.

34. ^ Alternative Religions

35. ^ Madeline Montalban and the Order of the Morning Star

36. ^ Luciferwitchcraft.com

37. ^ The Bible of the Adversary "Adversarial Doctrine" page 8 – Bible of the Adversary, Succubus Productions 2007).

[edit]Further reading

 Campbell, Joseph (1972). Myths To Live By. A Condor Book: Souvenir Press (Educational & Academic) Ltd. ISBN 0-285-

64731-8
[edit]External links

"Lucifer" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.

 Jewish Encyclopedia: Lucifer

Categories: Abrahamic mythology | Biblical phrases | Christian terms | Demons in Christianity | Fallen angels | Fire

gods | Hell | Individual angels | Latin religious phrases | Luciferianism | Satan |Satanism | Underworld gods | Wisdom gods

• New features

• Log in / create account

• Article

• Discussion

• Read

• Edit

• View history

Search

• Main page

• Contents

• Featured content

• Current events

• Random article
Interaction

• About Wikipedia

• Community portal

• Recent changes

• Contact Wikipedia

• Donate to Wikipedia

• Help
Toolbox
Print/export
Languages

• ‫العربية‬

• Brezhoneg

• Български

• Català

• Česky

• Cymraeg

• Dansk

• Deutsch

• Eesti

• Español

• Français

• 한국어

• Bahasa Indonesia

• Italiano

• ‫עברית‬
• ქართული

• Latina

• Latviešu

• Lietuvių

• Magyar

• Bahasa Melayu

• Nederlands

• 日本語

• Norsk (bokmål)

• Polski

• Português

• Română

• Русский

• Simple English

• Slovenčina

• Slovenščina

• Suomi

• Svenska

• Tagalog

• ไทย

• Türkçe

• Українська

• 中文

• This page was last modified on 25 June 2010 at 04:34.

• Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for

details.

Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

• Contact us

• Privacy policy

• About Wikipedia

• Disclaimers