The birth of the united kingdom of great Britain come as a consequent between England, Scotland , Wales and Ireland.

The first attempts made by the kings date back to late 13th century exactly in 1286 when Scotland lost it king in an accident
Alexander the 3rd to replace him 13 contenders claimed they had family ties with late king.
Problems started to immerge due to that and the solution had to found otherwise a civil war would had broken out in
Scotland .
The solution was in Norway as Alexander the 3rd had a granddaughter Margaret maid of Norway .
She was 3 years old when her grandfather died , so a group of consolers called the guardians 6 were formed to run the
kingdom in the meantime the English king Edward 1st seized the opportunity and tied to betroth his son Edward 2nd with a
young women queen .the mortar plan behind such suggestion was to control Scotland through z royal marriage because
Edward 2nd would be king of Scotland the coming generation would bare his name and not the queens name so technically
Scotland would became English .

+England = Parliament , queen , government , prime minister , royal place , London

+the problem that England wanted to be big so it wanted wales , irland , Scotland
+when the king die the kingdom needs a heir
+primogeniture = the 1st born male
+1283 Margaret of Scotland died in child-giving
+Alexander 3rd died 1286
+excommunicated = banned from the church = doomed = Hell
+feudalism = created by Edward 1st it is a social system

King
Nobles

Knights

Serves

John Balliol = weak personality

Robert de Bruce = strong personality
Edward 1st choosed balliol because he can control him just like his poppet so he can control Scotland through him

England war VS. France 116 years

England was at war and needed more wealth , for help (free) (army and money) so he asked his poppet balliol.
With the death of Margaret maid of Norway in 1290. Scotland was lost and Edward 1 st lost his faith in winning the Scottish
throne.
However , soon after woods he was called to chose who was going to be the next king of Scotland .
13th contenders (these lords owed lands in England and according to the feudal system owed Edward 1 st respect )
+Stuarts = name of dynasty
+Henry 8th + Catherine arogan
+Anne boreyn
+ jane seyovour

+James 5th refused the changes of Henry 8th because Henry reformed the church from catholic to protestant so he can divorce
and marry many times (Anglican church)
The Angelico - Scottish war from (1286-1357)
The war between England and Scotland started in 1286 and ended in 1357 , one can divide this period into 2 major
phases
-the 1st Angelico -Scottish from 1296 and ended 1328 and the 2nd Angelico Scottish from 1332 and ended in 1357 in this
period phase Edward 1st than Edward 2nd his son try subdue the scots , it is during this period a farmer Scottish hero
studs against England who was William Wallace it was also during this period the treaty of edinbrough and
Northampton in 1328 which put an end to the first phase of the Angelico Scottish war , but in 1332 the wars started to
rage again in Scotland during the rain of Edward 3rd , its ended in 1357 which meant that Scotland became independent
and England lost the chance to include Scotland within its property .
+ order of succession : a list of heirs ( when the king died , his heir will take the throne according to this , the only one
who deserves the throne in the closest one )

Henry
7th

Prince
Arthur

Bloody
Marry

Elisabithe
of York

Henry
8th

Margaret

Elisabithe
1st

Marry

Edward
6th

+first battle of England and Scotland : battle of bannek burn 1314 (Edward vs. Robert de bruce)
+Reformation : Henry 8th ->Protestantism ->divorce again
+ james 6th ->name of the great Britain->king of Scotland
+divine ride of kings : a king is spoken of god as god chosen him
+ Charles 1st son of james 6th (1st king of Scotland ) was decapitated in 1648 (civil war)
UNION JACK:
Scotland : the cross of saint andro (flag)
England : the cross of saint George (flag)
Ireland : the cross of saint Patrick
- Dissolving a parliament led to a civil war
- Royalists : (cavaliers) who supported Charles 1st
- Parliamentarians : roundheads are against Charles 1st
Charles 1st (1600-1649)

Charles 2nd

James 2nd

Oliver Cromwell : (head of the parliament ) pass a leadership to his son Richard Cromwell
+ Restoration : the kingdom back to monarchy

Despite the peace treaty between English and Scotland both sides especially England never respected the treaties ,
another sad event in the history of both kingdoms was when king Henry 8th decided to unite his kingdom with Scotland
through the royal marriage of his son Edward 6th with the queen of scots marry stuart , the result of such behavior was
that the scots refused such marriage which led him to attack the scots and kill thousands of civilians this is around 1543
the sad episodes was called the Roghwoowing fortunately Marry was the key figure in uniting both kingdoms for dispute
not being married to Edward 6th , she was closely related to the English royal family this was due to the fact that her
grandmother was Margaret tudor sister of Henry tudor (8th) which means that Marry also a contender to the English
throne .
The fear of loosing the English crown to her cousin made Elizabithe very cautious and date for about the real reasons
behind Marry Stuarts sudden decision to find chalter in England when she was accused for killing her husband and
father of james 6th . Elizabithe 1st as the old saint goes keep your friends close and your enemies closer .
Elizabithe 1st kept Marry in captivity for 19 years in a castle , in the end Marry was executed for treason , Elizabithe 1st
remained queen of England until 1603 when she died and left james 6th as her successor to the throne of England .
The period 1603-1707 witnessed a civil war , a change from monarchy to republic and the first execution of king monarch
in the history of England the Restoration of the monarchy another civil war and finally the union between parliaments
The civil war 1642-1660
Briefly speaking 1642 was an important year in the history of the kingdom for it witnessed the end of power of the
monarchy the birth of the republic it also witnessed the execution of Charles 1st 1649 and the emergence of Oliver
Cromwell as lord protector until his death 1658 than his son Richard Cromwell inherited the title of lord protector this
was the end of the republic and 1660 the Stuarts regained their thrown this is called the Restoration
1688 Glorious Revolution (bloodless revolution )
-kingdom got splits those one who prefer bring back the monarch
-Marry Stuart married William orange
- Anne Stuart the last Stuart sister of Marry Stuart (daughter of james 2 nd )
The Restoration
Show that the power was moving from the hands of the monarchy to the hands of the common people for it was the
people who decided to rebel in 1642 against the monarch , to execute him 1649 , to change from monarchy to republic ,
it was also the people who gave power to monarchy , the period that fellow witnessed also another revolution call the
Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 , this was when king James 2nd (7th Scotland ) try to interfere in parliaments by giving
seats to Catholic lergy people and important ranker to the Catholic knights in the army which made the English suspect
James 2nd wanted to Restore Catholisme as a saint religion and take back the power the monarchy have lost to the
common people , soon after wood Marry Stuart 2nd and her husband William 3rd of Orange were united to be new heirs
of the thrown of the kingdom than it was Anne Stuart turn to be the Queen of England and at the same time lost Stuarts
to Reign over the people of the kingdom , it was also Queen Anne who signed the act of honor 1707 leding to the union
of parliaments of England , Scotland and Wales