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MATHEMATICS I
GROUP AR
DEGREE IN
ECONOMICS
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
a3b2a5b
(b)
(d)
x 10 y 5
(e)
(64x3)2/3
42(64)-4/3
(c)
x xy 4
(f)
x6
(g)
x 3y5
x 2 y8
(h)
(x 1 ) 2 (x 2 ) 5
x3x
(i)
(j)
x3 / y4
x 2 / y3
(k)
(l)
x2y
5/3
x 1/ 3 y 2 / 3
z2
1
1
+
x+h x
h
5x 3
25x 2
(3x2y+y-y3+3) + 2(x3-y-x2y)
(c)
(x2-y+3) (x3+y-1)2
(d)
2
x 4
(f)
2( x 3)
x2 4
(g)
x +3
x 2
x2
x2 3
3
+4
x +1
(b)
(x2+x-2)(x-1)
(e)
3
4
x +1 x 1
(h)
x2 4
x 2 x3
x
x2-9
(b)
x2-x-6
(c)
x2+8x+16
(d)
25x2+20x+4
(e)
x3-x2-8x+12
(f)
x4+x3-7x2-x+6
(2x3-14x-5):(x-3)
(b)
(x4-2x2+3):(x2-1)
(c)
(x-2x3-3+3x4):(2x2-1)
(d)
(x4-2x2+x-3):(x2-2x+1)
(2x 1) 2
3x 2
2(
1
2
4x)
(b)
x 2
4 x
(c)
x + 2 = 4 x + 13
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(d)
(g)
(j)
(x 1) 2
x(x 1)
(x 1) 2
x(x 1)
2 x 14
3x
3x 1
x2 1
x 7
4
(x
3
2)
x 5
x 3
2
(e)
| x + 2 |= 4 x
(f)
(h)
0 3x 2
(i)
3x 2
11x 6
x2
27 0
2
(5 2 x)
7
(d)
5x
2
3
x 8
4
3x 3
5
4x 8
2
x 14
2
x
4
3x
(b)
5x
4 2x 8
(c)
x 4
x2 9
(e)
4x 7 6x 5
(f)
x2
5x
6 0
2e y
(c)
x2
y2
(e)
0e y
5 implies x
0 implies x
0 y
0 implies x 2
(b)
(x 1)(x 2)(x 3)
(d)
xy
(f)
y2
0 implies x 1
xz implies y
y 2 implies x
log10
(b)
log100
(c)
log648
(e)
cos 0
(f)
sin 90
(g)
tan 2
(d)
log2(1/16)
ln10
(e)
cos
(b)
ln3
(c)
log566
(f)
cos 30
(g)
sin 3 /2
(d)
log37
10. - Explain the difference among cosx2, cos2x, cos(x2) y (cos x)2
11. - Solve the following equations:
(a)
2 x = 64
(b)
10 x 10
2
=2
(c)
4 x + 6.4 x = 5
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(d)
(e)
4 x 2 x+3 + 12 = 0
(f)
( 2) x
(g)
2.3 x 5 3 x+1 4
+
= 3x 3
11
5
(h)
log( 35 x 3 )
log( 5 x)
(i)
log(16 x 2 )
=2
log(3x 4)
= 2 x+1
(f+g)(x)
(b)
(f+g)(1/2)
(c)
(4f)(x)
(d)
(fg)(x)
(e)
(f/g)(x)
(f)
(fog)(x)
(g)
(gof)(x)
(h)
(gof)(-3)
(g)
(j)
(m)
(o)
(r)
(u)
(x)
(a)
y = x10+2x4-x3
(b)
y=
2x + 5
3
(e)
y=
x4 1
2x 2 1
(h)
y=
(2x + 3) 3
(3x 2 2x + 6) 2
y = x 2+ x 3
1
y=(2 x 4 + 4
3
x
)(x2+x4)
y = ln(sen1/4 x)
y=
1 x
1+ x
y = sin
x 1
x 1
sen x
(k)
(n)
y = x -7
(c)
y = (x3+2x2)7
(f)
x2 x3 1
+
+
y=
4
3 2
y=
y=
3 x
2 x 5x 2 + x 3
(2x 8)(3x 4)
y=
1
3
x + x2 + 2
y = (2x2+x+1)4
(i)
(l)
y=
y=
1
x
3x 5
5x 2
5x + 4
()
y = 2 5 x4 1
1
x4
(q)
y= x + 1
(s)
y = ln(x2+1)
(t)
(v)
e x cos x
y=
ln x
(w)
cos x
x 2 + 2x
(z)
(p)
(y)
(bb)
y=
y=
y = 4 cos x
(cc)
1
x +1
y = sen3(x2+2)
y = arctg
sen
2
1+ x
x2 1
x
y = e x + 3x
1
x
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
5. - Solve the following systems of equations:
(a)
3x + 2 y
= 35
(b)
log x log y = 1
(d)
2 x+1
= 128
log x + log y = 1
(e)
2 x3 y
25
3x5 y
35
log x + log y = 4
log x log y = 2
(c)
3 2 x 2 3 y+1 = 8
2 3x 2 2 y
=5
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(c)
1 0
1 0
1
6
1 2
4.
3 2
5. 2 4
3 4
(b)
(d)
2. 1
1 1
1 3
1 4
1 5
11
16
2
3
(c)
4
1
(e)
(g)
3
4 .
1
0
1
1
(d)
3 2
1. 2
13
1 2 3 2
4 1 2 1
1 2 5 2
(i)
2 1 0
2
3
1
4
0 4
.
3 2 1
(b)
1 0
5 2
1
1
4 . 1
1. 3
2 7
13
(f)
(h)
2 1 0 1 1 1 0
3 2 0 2 1 1 0
1 0 1 2 3 1 2
1
5
(j)
2 7
2
3
4
5
2 1 0
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(k)
1 2
1 2 3
4 1 2
1 2 5
(l)
2
1
1
x 1 y 2 z 3
1 2 3
4 1 2
x 1
y 2
1 2 5
z 3
4. - Calculate:
(a)
(b)
2 5
(c)
1 6
2 7
3 1
1 1 1
1 0 1
1
(d)
2
(g)
(e)
0 1
1 2 0
2 0 1
(j)
2
3
3
2
(h)
3
2
2
4
1 3 0
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
3 0
2
1
3
0
2 0
0 1
(k)
4
2
4
5
0
0
0
0
1 2 0
5 1 1
7 1 3
(f)
5 1 2
4 3 5
2 0
0
0
0 0
0 0
(i)
(l)
3 0 0
0
0
1
2
1
1
3
1
0
2
1
2
4
1
1
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5
0 2 3 4 5
0 0 3 4 5
0 0 0 4 5
2 0
0 1
0 0 0 0 5
1 1
(b)
5
1
1 0
12
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
2
2
0
4
2
(c)
8 12 16
(d)
1 2
1 3
3 1
4 3
1
4
(e)
1 2 3 4
2 4 6 8
3 6 9 12
(f)
1
3
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(g)
1 1
0 0
2 1
1 3
1 0
(h)
1 1 3
0 0
2 4
6
12
12
6
9
14
2
13
8
7
13 12
4 6
11
9
11
9
0
6. - Determine whether the following sets of vectors are independent or dependent sets. If they
are dependent, find a subset with the maximum number of linear independent vectors.
(a) {(1,3,1), (2,1,0), (1,9,2)}
(b) {(2,3), (4,1), (1,0), (2,2)}
(c) {(2,5,1,1,0), (1,4,0,1,2), (2,2,2,0,-4)}
(d) {(2,1,0,3), (-2,1,3,0), (0,0,0,0), (1,5,2,1)}
{(1,2,9), (-1,-2,-9), (0,1,2), (2,-1,8), (1,-3,-1)}
1
1
(b)
(c)
1 1 0
1 2 3
2 3 2
(d)
2
1
(e)
1
1
2 4
0 1
2 2
1 1
1 2
0
1
2 3
(f)
2 4
0 1
2 2
3
1
1
3
1
1
8. - Find the parameter values t, such that the following matrix A has no inverse.
1 0
0 t
1
3
4 1
6x 2y 2z 8
2x 2y z 3
x
2y 2z
(b)
2x y z 1
x y z 2
x 2y 4z
(c)
x y 2z 2
2x y z 1
x 2y z
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(d)
2x
x
(g)
(j)
(e)
y z 1
y z
4
0
3x
y 3z w
2x y
x 2y
y
2x
(h)
y z w
(k)
(f)
3x 2y z 0
x y z 1
x
3x 2 y z 13
2x y 5z 6
5x y 2z 11
y z
2x
y z
(i)
x y z 1
2x y z 2
x 2y
1
4x y 3z 8
(c)
3x 2
3y
3x
2z 1
5x 3y 4z
7
- 3x 4y 8z 3
7 x 2 y 11z 0
10.- Solve
(a)
(d)
(g)
3x 2 2xy 0
x 2 2y
2
(b)
3x 2 6y 39
6x 2y 18
(e)
x2
(h)
y2
xy
3x 2
3y
25
12
12
12x 3 8xy
4x 2 2y
3y
0
0
x 2 y2 z2 0
x y z 12
xy
(f)
x2
x
(i)
y2
25
3x 2 y
35
log x log y 1
12
11. - The supply and demand functions of a market model with two goods are the following:
Qs1
Q s2
2 3P1
1 2P2
Qd1 10 2P1 P2
Q d2 5 P1 P2
~ ,Q
~ ).
Calculate the equilibrium prices ( ~
P1 , ~
P2 ) and the equilibrium amounts ( Q
1
2
~ ~ ~
12. - Calculate the equilibrium prices ~
P1 , ~
P2 , ~
P3 and the equilibrium amounts Q1 , Q2 , Q3 of
the market model with three goods and supply and demand functions:
Qs1 4 2P1 P3
Q s2 5 2P1 P3
Q s3 4 P1 2P3
Qd1 8 P1 3P2
Q d2 2 2P1 2P3
Q d3 4 P1 2P2 3P3
13. - A firm produces three goods in amounts x, y, z. It uses three raw materials M1, M2 and
M3, for it. The available amount of each raw material is 280, 460 and 220 units, respectively.
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
For producing one unit of the first commodity the firm uses 2 units of M1, 6 of M2 and 8 of M3.
For producing one unit of the second commodity the firm uses 4 units of M1, 11 of M2 and 1 of
M3. For producing one unit of the third commodity the firm uses 8 units of M1, 6 of M2 and 2
of M3. Determine the amount to produce of each commodity if exactly all the raw material
available have to be used.
3x
(b)
6y 39
6x 2y 18
x y z 1
2x y z 2
x 2y 1
4x
y 3z 8
15.- Write the general expression of a system with 2 equations and n variables.
2. - Explain the conditions required on A to assure the existence of its inverse matrix and define
this one.
A= 1 0 1
1 2 4
1
B= 0
1
C= 1 0 1
a) Study if it exist, and in this case, calculate the following product of matrices: A2, AB, CA and
BC.
b) Calculate AI, being I the identity matrix.
c) Calculate, if there exists, A-1. In that case, calculate AA-1.
1 1
y
2 1
z
0 1
1
0
0
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
x y 2z t 3u 1
2x y 2z 2t 6u 2
3x 2y 4z - 3u - 9t 3
2y 3
x 3y 1
2x y m
(c)
(e)
F(x)
x 1
(x 2)(x 3)
(b)
(d)
F(x, y)
(f)
F(x,y,z)=(xy+z , ln(x+y+z))
F(x, y)
F(x, y)
(g)
F(x, y)
(i)
2x
3
x 1
2 x
x2
2y
x2y
x 2 y2
0
x y
(x, y) (0,0)
(h)
F(x, y)
x2
3y 3
xy
(x, y) (0,0)
y,ln(x 1), e y )
(j)
F(x, y, z)
F(x, y)
2xy
x 1
x 1
(m)
ln(y )
e
F(x, y)
F(x, y, z)
(n)
10
1
1
x
y
F(x, y, z)
x y
(l)
3xy x 1
ln(x z)
e
(k)
y2
2xy
x2
F(x, y) ( x
F(x)
e
ln(x z)
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
2. - Calculate the mathematical and the economic domain of the following functions:
a.
Ip'
being D the supply demand of the commodity, I the income of the
2p
D(I, p, p')
q3
b. C(q)
c.
Q(K, L)
d.
U(C, F)
9q 2
L2
(g)
f(x, y) x 2
f(x, y) sen
(e)
x
y
x2
f(x, y,z)
(b)
y2
y2
f(x, y,z)
f(x, y) e
(h)
x 2 yz 3x 3
2y 2
(c)
(f)
x
y
f(x,y) = Axt y1 t
f(x, y)
x 2 y2
2x 2 y
f(x, y) sen (x y)
AK L , where A,
(b) Q(L, K)
and
K
L
, where A,
K + (1
)L
(c) Q(L,K) = A
and 0
, where A,
and
1.
Study whether the following functions are homogeneous, depending of their parameters. In case
of homogeneity, give the returns to scale (increasing, constant or decreasing) of a firm with that
production function.
11
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
where x and y represent the workforce hours and the machine hours, respectively. If these hours
depend on the amount of the final product produced (z) according to the following equations
Write the total cost of the firm as a function of the amount of final product produced.
x
, g(t)
y
(a) f(x, y)
2
(2t, )
t
(b) f(x, y)
x2
y 2 , g(t)
(sen t, cos t)
(c) f(x, y)
x2
y 2 , g(t)
1
(t 2 , , ln t)
t
y 3z z 2 with x
a. f(x, y,z)
x 2 , and y
b. f(x, y) 3y
2u , z
u.
x 1.
c. f(x,y,z) =
e lny
xz
, y(x,z) = e
z
9. - Calculate the explicit expression of the function defined implicitly in the following
equations:
(a) x 2 y
yx 2 0
Calculate y(x,z)
(b) x 2
(c) x 2
y2
(d)
9 0
Calculate y(x)
Calculate z(x,y)
12
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
Graph of the functions: level curves
10. - Draw the graph of the following functions:
(a)
f(x)
ex
(b)
f(x)
(c)
ln(x 1)
f(x)
sin(x )
2x 1
F(x)
9 x
1 x
(b)
4x 2
F(x)
x 6 x
2x 1 x
9 4x x
g(x)
2x
x 9 x
calculate the expression of the function (f-g) (x). Draw its graph.
C 200 0.6Y where C is the expenditure of the consumer and Y represents his
income
(b)
(b)
interest of 5%
x2
x2
y2
2x y
xy
3x
number of units consumed of both commodities. The following picture gives the level curves
corresponding to the utility levels 4, 5 and 6
13
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(a) If the current consumption is (x, y) (3,4) , draw the level curve where we are currently.
(b) Use the level curves to approximate graphically, the units to consume of the first commodity
if the consumption of the second commodity decreases one unit (y = 3) and the utility level is
maintained.
(c) Estimate, graphically, how much should be increased the consumption of the first
commodity if we want to increase the utility level in one unit, maintaining constant the
consumption of the second commodity (y = 4).
lim
(e)
x2 1
x
(b)
1
x
(f)
lim sin
x
lim ln
lim cos
(c)
1
x
lim ln
1
x
(g)
lim e
x2 1
x
(d)
x2 1
0
x
lim
x
x2 1
x
lim 4e 3(x
(b)
2)2 y
(x, y) (2,0)
y
lim ( , y 2
x
(x, y) (2,0)
f(x,y)
0 if x
y2
1 if x
y2
14
x, x 3
xy )
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
calculate, if there exists, the following limits:
(a)
(b)
lim f(x, y)
(c)
lim f(x, y)
(x, y) (0,0)
lim f(x, y)
(x, y) (1,2)
(x, y) (2,1)
f ( x ) = 2x - 1 x > 2
1
x 2
draw its graph. Study its continuity at x=2 and x=6.
f (x) =
0
x=2
3x - 1 x 2
(c)
(e)
(g)
f(x)
(b)
x 2
x 7x 10
2
f(x)
y2 )
(d)
f(x, y) e
(f)
y)
f(x, y,z)
(h)
x 2 2x 1
at x= -1
x 3 3x 2 3x 1
f(x, y, z) (
1
y z
, ln x
y)
15
xy
x y
1
3
x
f(x)
(i)
3xy
x 2 y2
f(x, y)
x 2
x
2
x 3x 2
1
x
12
x
0
0
x
5
5
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
Calculate
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
R2 / x+y>4}
(d) f(x,y) xy ;
f(1,5) ;
lim
(x, y ) (2,0)
f ( x , y)
{2,5,6}
(b) {1,3,6}
{2,5,6}
(c) {(0,1),(3,4)}
{(0,4)}
(d) {(0,2,-6),(8,-1,4,8)}
R4
{(x,y) R2 / 3x+y 3}
(h) {x R / x 14}
(i) [2,20]
{y R / y 3}
{x R / x 14}
3.- Add one of the following symbols in order to become true the following expressions.
You can use one of these symbols:
16
, < , >,
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
a)
1 {6,1,4}
b)
(3,-2)
c)
{(3,-2)}
d)
e)
{x R / 3 x 18} = [3,18]
f)
{x R / 3 x 18} = [3,18[
g)
[-2,9]
{x R / 3 x 10}
[3,9]
h)
[-2,9]
{x R / 3 x 10}
[-2,10]
i)
{ x R / x 13}
j)
R2
R2
R2
[2, [
{(x,y) R / x+2y4}
R2
0.3y b si y 4
x
si y 4
It is asked:
a) Calculate the value of the parameter b in order the function f(x,y) has limit at the point (x,y) =
(0,4).
b) Calculate the domain of f(x,y). Obtain one point belonging to the domain and another not
belonging to.
c) Study the continuity of f(x,y) for the entire domain, if b=1.
17
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
D(p, r )
2r 2 p 2
r4
p4
r
p
where p is the Price of the commodity and r is the mean income of the
consumers.
a) Calculate the mathematical domain and the economic domain of that function.
b) Study the continuity of f.
c) Study whether the function is homogeneous.
d) If the price depends on the price of two row materials, following the relationship:
p = 2m1+m2, calculate the formula of the demand with respect to those prices.
f(x)
x 2 -1
- x -1
f(x)
2
x-2
x 0
0 x 4
x2 - 4
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
18
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
x2
5. - Let C(x)
3x 100 be the cost function of a firm. Show that the average rate of
C(100 h) C(100)
h
203 h (h
0) . Which
6. - If the Total Saving of a country is a function S(Y) of the National Product Y, then S(Y) is
called Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS). Find the MPS for the following functions:
(a) S(Y)
a bY
(b) S(Y)
100 10Y 2Y 2
7. - Lets assume that the relationship among the Gross Income Y and the total Taxes T over
the income of citizens with income between 80.000 and 120.000 is given by the equation
a(bY c) p
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
f(x, y)
x 3 2xy
4x y 2
f(x,y) =ex+1-e2-y
19
f(x, y,z)
e y cos(x 2)
ln(z 1)
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(g) f(x,y) = sen8(x2+y3)
(i)
f(x,y) = ln3(x/y)
(g)
(j)
(m)
(o)
(r)
(t)
f(x, y) x 3
f(x, y) arctg
y2
(b)
y
x
(e)
2x)
1
2
(k)
f(x, y,z)
x(2 cos(2y))
x2 z2
(n)
f(x, y) (x 2
f(x, y,z, t)
f(x, y,z)
3y)5
y
Lnx
3
2z 3
5(x
3y)
sen(zt)
3(x 2
(p)
(s)
f(x, y)
(u)
y)
Ln(2x 2y)
x 1/2
f(x, y) Ln x e x
f(x, y)
f(x, y) y
f(x, y)
x
x
y2
(i)
f(x, y) e xLny
(l)
()
f(x, y)
(q)
x5
2y
y3
f(x, y,z)
sen
y 2 )z
(f)
Ln(x 3y)
x2
y
f(x, y) (x 2)(y 3)
u2
w2
f(x, y)
(h)
f(u, v, w)
v2
(c)
f(x, y) e x cosy
y
x
9 x2
y2
f(x, y)
x2
y
x2
si x
si x
3
3
12. - Write the definition of the partial derivative of a function of n variables (x1,, xn)
with respect to xi. Write the definition of the partial derivative of a function of 3 variables
(x,y,z) with respect to z. Write the definition of the partial derivative of a function of 3
variables (x,y,z) with respect to z at the point (a,b,c).
13. - Calculate and give the economic interpretation of the sign of the derivatives or partial
derivatives of the following economic functions.
20
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(a)
Demand-price function:
(b)
Per
cpita
production
function
(k
is
the
capital
per
cpita):
.
(c)
(d)
Calculate the sign of the three partial derivatives and give their economic interpretation.
16.- The demand function of a good gives a relationship among the demanded amount of this
good (x) in physical units, the country income per capita (Y) in , the price of the good (p0) in
, and the price of the other goods (p) in :
Calculate the sign of the partial derivatives, their measure units and give their economic
interpretation.
17. - Give the sign and the measure units that will have, in normal conditions, the following
derivatives:
(a) The wage of a worker with respect to time.
(b) The demand of a good with respect to its price.
(c) The amount of sale of a firm with respect to its investment in adverting.
21
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(d) The average saving of the citizens of a country with respect to the prices rate.
(e) The price of oil with respect to the supplied amount of oil.
dU
dU
y
dx 1000
dx 10
dU
dx 10
d2U
?
dx 2 10
1 x 2 y2
, g(x, y)
x 2 (1 y)2
2x
(1 y)2
defined in
(b) Calculate
f
x
g
f
and
y
y
f
2
f
2
and
g
.
x
y2
xy(x 2 y 2 )
. Calculate
x 2 y2
2
f
f
(1,1) .
(1,1) and
x
x y
22. - Justify whether f(x, y) x 2 sen y verifies the Schwarz Theorem for all point of R 2 .
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(a) f(x,y) = sin(3x2-y)
2
3
1
2
2x 2 3y 3
, at the point (2,0,1)
xz 3
x2
(b) f(x, y)
(c) f(x)
y,e
5
1
x 2 , , cosx
x
(d) f(x, y)
5
1
x 2 , , cosx
x
x sen 3 (x 2
xy) .
xseny Lnx
. Calculate the value of a, such
y2 1
(e 1 , e) .
1
2
2
3
2x 2
3y 3
z3
30. - If the gradient vector of a real function of two real variables, f(x,y), is
, calculate the Hessian matrix of f(x,y).
23
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
31. - Calculate the value of a such that the Hessian matrix of f(x, y,z)
xLny
e 2z at the
Hf(2,1, a)
32. - Let be f : R 2
0
1
1 0
2 0
the Jacobian Matrix Jf(a,b) and the Hessian matrix Hf1(a,b) (be sure to put the point (a,b)
correctly in the expression).
|x|
x 1
and the unity price of the good is given by the expression p(x)
60 2x where p is given in
euros. Give
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
3. - (a) Calculate the Jacobian matrix at the point (1,0) of the function:
f(x, y) (sen 2 (x 2
y 2 ), Ln(x
y 2 ))
(b) Calculate the Hessian Matrix at the point (1,0) of the function:
g(x, y) e x
4. - Given the function f(x, y) e x
(a) Calculate the gradient vector of the function at the point (1,1) .
24
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(b) Calculate the Hessian matrix of the function at the point (1,1) .
xy
, sen(xy) .
x 1
7.- The Income due to taxes (in % of PIB) is estimated with the following function:
I(x,y,z) = 0,00006 (100-y) x z
where x is the interest rate (in %), currently x=18; y is the weight of the black economies (in
%), currently y=20; and z is the consumption (in % of PIB), currently z=76.
It is asked:
(a) Calculate the partial derivative of the income per taxes with respect to the black economies
in the current situation, and give the economic interpretation of its sign.
(b) Calculate approximately how will change the income due to taxes if the interest rate
increases to x=20 from the current situation, by assuming that the other variables remain
constant.
(c) Calculate the elasticity with respect to the interest rate in the current situation, this is, the
I x
x I
expression E
(18,20,76)
units
C(40,23)
2550 ,
of
good
C
(x, y) 2x
x
y,
B.
We
that
C
(x, y) x . With this information,
y
i) 3090
ii) 540
iii) 2750
iv) 275238
(b) A firm uses the amount x and y of row materials A and B respectively. When
3, y
25
C
(3,7) 15
y
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
i)
If the firm uses 5 units of material A without varying the amount of B, the cost of
the firm will increase approximately in 10 m.u.
ii)
If the firm uses 6 units of material B without varying the amount of A, the cost of
the firm will increase approximately in 15 m.u.
iii)
If the firm uses 4 units of material A without varying the amount of B the cost of
the firm will increase approximately in 10 m.u.
iv)
If the firm uses 8 units of material B without varying the amount of A, the cost of
the firm will increase approximately in 10 m.u.
0' 2 0'8
(c) The production function of a firm is given by the expression Q(K,L) = 25K L , where
K is the invested capital and L the number of labour hours. Currently, K = 3125 m.u. and
L = 32 hours. If the firm decides to increase only the number of labour hours to 42 hours,
the approximated production increment:
i) 500 u.
ii) 128 u.
iii) 2100 u.
iv) 50128 u.
9.- Define the concept of gradient of a function f :R3 R at the point (a,b,c).
10.- Given the function f :R
partial derivative
f
( a,b,c )
x2
26
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(d)
f(x, y,z) = xy 2 z
3xyz
(b)
f(x, y) = 2x 2
(e)
f(x, y) = y cosx
lny
(c)
(f)
f(x, y) = cos(x y)
f(x, y) =
x 3 2xy
4x y 2
x2y
xy 3
(a) Justify if it is differentiable at the point (1,1) and, if it is, calculate the differential of the
function at this point.
(b) Use the differential to calculate an approximated value of f(1'1,0'8) .
3. - Study if the function f(x, y)
e x y cos(xy 2 ) is differentiable in R 2 .
4. - Let C(x, y) be the total cost function of a firm which produces x units of a good A and
y units of a good B. We know that:
C(36,20)
2288 ,
C
x
2y ,
C
y
y 2x .
C(36,20)
C(36,20)
y
.
y
x
5.- A person pays an annual payment for a loan, which is given by the
P(V, i, n) =
Vi
1 (1 i)
, where i is the interest rate, V the capital on loan (in euros), and n
the time (in years). For a loan of 1000 euros and a time of 10 years, with i = 0.04 :
(a) Calculate approximately the effect on the annual payment of an increasing on the interest
rate to i = 0.0425 .
27
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(b) Calculate approximately the effect on the annual payment if simultaneously the loan
diminishes in 100 euros and the time diminishes in 1 year.
6.- The profit (B) of the car industry in Europe in millions of euros varies depending on the oil
price (p) in dollars/barrel, on the economic increasing (g) in percentage points and on the
mean monthly wage (w) in euros. We do not know the exact formula that relates these
variables, but we estimate the effects of change in each variable separately in the current
situation. With the barrel in 90 $, an economic increasing of 2.5% and a mean monthly wage
of 2000 euros, the profits have been of 500 millions of euros and the estimated effects are
B
= 15,
ps
B
= 50,
gs
B
= 0.5.
ws
xLn(1 i)
p
production, p is the price of the product (in m.u.) and i advertisement investment (en m.u.).
(a) If the firm produces 1000 units of good and the price is 2 m.u. per unit, with an investment
in advertising of 9 m.u., calculate and interpret the partial derivatives of B in this situation.
(b) Calculate approximately the benefits obtained if the firm would produce 100 units more, the
price would increase in 05 m.u. and the investment in advertising would be 15 m.u. Is it
worth to make this change?
xy
x 2
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
4y
, calculate which is the direction such that the
x
12.- Calculate the directions of maximal increase, maximal decrease and null increase of the
following functions at the given point:
(a) f(x, y) = (x
3x y
x
y)e
14.- Calculate the direction of maximal increase, of maximal decrease and of null
increase of the function
29
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(a) f(x, y) 20 4x 2
(b) f(x, y,z) e xy
(c) f(x, y) x 2
xy
(b) z(x, y) = x 2
y 2 , x(t) = 3t, y = t 2 .
(c) z(x, y) = x y ,
(d) f(u, v) = u 3 v 3
u 1, u(v) = e v .
(e) z(u, v) = ln u 2
v , u(x, y) = e x
2 y2
, v(x, y) = x 2
y.
e x lny
, y(x, z) = e xz .
z
16.- Calculate the Gradient vector of the composite functions defined by the following
functions at the given points, by using the Chain Rule:
(a) f(x, y) = e x y, x(t) = t 2 ,
(b) z(x, y) = e 3x
2y
y(t) = 3t
, x = 3t 2 , y = cost
e x lny
, y(x, z) = e xz
z
(d) t(u, v) = u
at the point t = 0 .
at the point t = .
17.- Calculate the differential of the composite functions obtained with the following functions
by using the Chain Rule:
3
r
z 2 , x(r, s) = r s, y(r,s) = , z(r,s) = r s .
s
y2
(b) z(u, v) = u 3 v 3
u 1, u(x, y) = x 2
y 2 , v(x, y) = e x
30
1.
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(c) f(u, v) = u 3 v 3
(d) z(u, v) = ln
u 1, v(u) = e u 1 .
u
, u(x, y) = 3 x y , v(x) = sen 2 (x) .
v
(e) f(u, v) = v
18.- Let be f : R 2
y) .
R 2 and g : R 2
R defined by
f(x, y) = e xy , x
y,
g(u, v) = vu.
(a) Argue, by applying the Composite Function Theorem, that g f is differentiable at the
point (0,1) .
(b) Calculate, by using the Chain Rule, d g f (0,1)(1,1) .
F(u, v, w), y
z z
being z
,
u v
f(x, y) where
G(u, v, w) .
B
is negative. Which is its meaning? Is it meaningful?
P
(d) The demand of the firm depends on its investment in advertising, this is, the demand is a
function D(P) . The firm does not know this function, but its estimation is that, for a current
investment in advertising P0 ,
dD
dP
=
P0
2
. Is this meaningful?
5
31
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
dB
. Calculate this derivative
dP P
and interpret it. Is it worth for the firm to increase its investment on advertising?
21.- The price index to consume of an economy depend on the sectorial price indices ( x :
agricultural, y : industry, z : services) following the function
x(s, r) = 2s 5ln r,
y(s,r) = s 2r 2 ,
z(s,r) = s 2
3r.
I
,
x
I
,
y
I
,
z
I
,
s
I
.
r
(c) Calculate the last two derivatives of the previous paragraph by using the Chain Rule. Check
that the results are the same.
22.- Let be the profit function B x, p, p of a firm that produces a unique good, where
x is the amount of produced good, p is its price and p is the average price of the
competence. Currently for the production level x = 100 units and the prices p = 30
u.m. and p = 32 u.m. the estimation is
B
= 4,
x (100,30,32)
B
= 2,
p (100,30,32)
B
p
= 3.
(100,30,32)
Lets assume that the competence adjuste its prices according to those of the firm, in a
way that p = p 2 .
(a) Calculate
B
B
y
. Explain the difference among these derivatives and
p (100,30)
x (100,30)
the former of the paragraph, from a mathematical point of view and from the
economic point of view.
(b) Estimate the profits of the firm when an increasing of two units of production and
an increasing of the price in 0.5 m.u. are given simultaneously. Which hypothesis is
necessary to ask on B(x, p) to apply that approximation?
32
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
23.- The revenue through taxes (R) is the product of the tax rate (i) times the expenditure in
consumption (G) :
R(i, G) = i G.
Nevertheless, both variables are not independent because the increasing in the tax rate will have
a negative influence on the consumption. Currently, the expenditure is G = 100 millions of
euros with a tax rate i = 0.16 , and it is estimated that
dG
di
= 150.
0.16
Obtain the global effect on the revenue of a marginal increasing in the tax rate.
x0 .
(a) x 2 y
(b) x 2
(c) x 2
(d) x 2
1
.
2
1
.
2
25.- The following equations define a function z(x,y) on a neighbourhood of the point
(xo,yo) . Calculate, if possible, the partial derivatives of that function at the given point.
(a) x 2 y
(b) x 2
z 2 = 4 with z(0,2) = 0 .
(c) x 2 yz yz2
(d) x 2
2x 2 = 0 with z(1,1) = 1 .
zln(xy) e y
= 5 with z 2,
1
=
2
1
.
2
33
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(e) e z
26.-
be
y(x,z)
an
x 2 yz xseny
f(x, y,z)
implicit
function
defined
by
the
implicit
function
0'2, dz
0'1 .
x2
y2z z3
1 on a
neighbourhood of (x, y,z) (3,1,2) Calculate, at the point (y,z)=(1,2), the partial derivatives
x
,
y
x
.
z
28.- Calculate the partial derivatives of the implicit function z with respect to x and y given
by the equation f(x, y,z)
x2
y2
z2
the produced amount of two different commodities. Calculate the relationship of substitution of
the second commodity with respect to the first RSP =
dy
if the current level of production
dx
30.- The combination of three goods of consumption (x, y,z) which provide the same
utility for a consumer is 2lnx
b)
f
;
y
f
.
y (1,2)
c)
f(2,3); Hf(2,3) .
34
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
d) The direction of maximum increase of f at the point (1, 1) .
e) The directional derivative of f at (2,1) in the direction of the vector (1, 1) .
f) The Taylor Polynomial of degree 1 of f at the point (2,3) .
dx
dt
Calculate and interpret
derivative and
= 1,
0
dy
= 0.5.
dt 0
dC
. Which is the difference of interpretation among this
dt 0
C
?
t (50,30,0)
(d) Taking into account the values obtained in the previous paragraph, which would be the
expected cost next year (t = 1) ? Which hypothesis should verify the function to make that
approximation? Is it verified for that Cost function?
3.- The production of the firm remains constant if the productive factors verify the
relationship 25x1/2 y1/2 = 1000 . Calculate
dy
if the firm uses 100 units of the first factor
dx
(x) and 16 units of the second (y), and give the economic interpretation of the result.
35
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
2v, y
2u, z
Ln(u v) , calculate
f
u
60p' 1 xp'
p
where p is the selling price of the good, x is the marketing effort dedicated to that good and
p' is the average selling price of the competitors. Currently the marketing effort is x
percentage) and the prices are p
0 (in
(a) Calculate and interpret the partial derivatives of D(x, p, p') in the current situation.
(b) Study if the function D is differentiable and calculate the differential of D in the current
situation.
(c) Study, through the differential, how does the whole effect of an increasing of the marketing
effort of x
f(5,9)
x
7 and
df(5,9)(0.1,0.2) 1'5.
Justify which of the following assessments are true:
(a) An increase of one unit on the variable y by remaining the variable x fixed, implies an
approximated increase of 15 units on the value of the function.
(b) An increase of one unit on the variable y by remaining the variable x fixed, implies an
approximated increase of 4 units on the value of the function.
(c) An increase of one unit on the variable y by remaining the variable x fixed, implies an
approximated decrease of 4 units on the value of the function.
7.- A firm produces three commodities and obtain a benefit B(p1 , p 2 , p 3 ) where p i is the price
of commodity i, i
1,2,3 . The prices of goods are fixed as a function of the price of the two
p1
1
q1
2
3
q2 , p2
2
3
q1 , p 3
5
36
1
q1
3
2
q2 .
3
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
It is known that:
B(p1 , p 2 , p 3 )
2p1 ,2,
1
,
6
B 6,
18 10
,
5 3
1669
.
45
(a) Obtain, by using the Chain Rule, the partial derivatives of the Benefit Function with respect
to the prices of the raw materials, when q1
6, q 2
2.
(b) Calculate which World be, approximately, the Benefit obtained by the firm if the raw
material prices would be q1
6'5, q 2
1'75 .
8.- Let be C(x, p,q) the cost function of a firm, where x is the production (in units of product)
p,q
and
are
x 1200, p
the
6, q
prices
(in
euros)
7, C(1200,6,7)
C
12,
x (1200,6,7)
of
both
used
inputs.
Currently
25000 . Also,
C
4,
p (1200,6,7)
C
6.
q (1200,6,7)
4?
(c) By assuming that C is differentiable, which would be the expected cost if the price of the
first input is p
f(x, y) x 2
7y 2
axy
with
u2
.Calculate the value of the parameter a such that the partial derivative
(u, v)
v2 , y
3u 5v
f
at the point
u
10.- Let be y the benefit function of a firm which is given by the relationship
y2
5, z 11 .
37
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
b) Lets assume that the sold amounts depend on the prices of both commodities, p1
and p 2 , through the relationship x
p1
4p 2 ,
5p1
2p 2 . Calculate, by
using the Chain Rule, the marginal benefits being the current prices p1
3, p 2
2.
ii)
iii)
If
f
x
6x 2
3y
2xz,
f
y
3x 16y 3
z,
f
z
x2
y sen z ,
300 20p12
unit price of this commodity, and p 2 the 1-unit price of one similar commodity produced
by the competitor. It is known that prices vary with time, following the formulas
p1
2 0'05t,
p2
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
With these data it is not possible to know how the demand varies.
dx
0'1, dy
2'15, is:
i) 225
ii) 015
An increment
5y
iii) 025
iv) 085
to 1 unit.
ii)
Increments
38
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
iv)
39
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(cos 2x sen3x)dx
(d)
(2 x
(g)
(j)
3
x
x
)dx
3
x 2
2 x 2
(m)
x 4 )dx
(x 2
(senx e x
(aa)
x cos( 5x 2
( x 3)
3x
x2
(h)
x2
4 3
6x )1 / 3
2
1 x2
(p)
3x )dx
5 5x
1
)dx
x
(s)
3)dx
(v)
x2
(y)
7 x
dx
x
(bb)
dx
3
sen(5x )e cos 5x dx
(f)
sen(2x 3)dx
(i)
(2x 1) 2
dx
2x
()
2e x
e 2x
(q)
dx
(t)
2x 4 dx
dx
33 x 2
3
dx
(2x 5) 4
xcos xdx
(b)
e x sin xdx
40
dx
x 2 (3x 3 14) 3 dx
(w)
5 5x
(z)
3ln 3x
dx
x
6dx
dx
dx
ex
6dx
33 x 2
senx
1 cos 2 x
dx
3x 2
(c)
(l)
4x
3
dx
dx
dx
(n)
1
)dx
x
(r)
(x 2
x3 6x
1 9x 2
(x 2 1) cos(x 3
(x)
(e)
(k)
(o)
(u)
4
x 1 x 2 dx
1 x6
dx
3x 3
(b)
2 x
x e dx
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(d)
ln x dx
(x 2) 2 if
(a) f(x)
(b) f(x)
if
x 2
(c) f(x)
[0,3].
[0,3]
1 si 0
2 si 2
(d)
1
0
(g)
/2
(c)
(e)
f(x)
f(x)
(h)
1
0
5
0
x
dx
1 x2
(c)
dx
x 6
(f)
ex
dx
1 2e x
(i)
21
2
sen 2 xcosx dx
5.- Calculate
2
0
x 2 e x dx
(a)
(b)
cos 2x dx
5
2
e2
1
2x 1 dx
(x sen 2x)dx
3ln 2 x
dx
x
x2
si x
si x
x 1/2
x 2 12
(b)
f(x)
(d)
si x 4
si x 4
si x 1
xln x
si x 1
f(x)
si x
x 1
1
si x
5
e
e
6.- Calculate the area limited by the curve y = x2 and the straight line y = x.
7.- Calculate the area limited by the curve y
and x=4.
41
x3
6x 2
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
8 Calculate the area limited by the curves y =x2-6x+9, y =-x2+ 4x -3
9.- The marginal cost of constructing a building, CMg(x), of height x (in metres) is known and
it is given by the following function (in thousands of euros per metre):
CMg(x)
dCT
dx
10 x 0.2x 2
where x is the height in metres of the building and CT is the total cost of constructing the whole
building. It is asked:
(a) The cost of constructing between the 40 and 50 metre.
(b) The cost of constructing the whole building of 50 metres.
(c) The average cost per metre of constructing the whole building of 50 metres.
10.- The function that expressed the additional wage of a representative individual when he is a
year older is w(x)
6 0,2x , where w is the additional wage in euros and x the age in years.
It is asked:
(a) Calculate the function of the total wage as a function of the age W(x), knowing that when
the individual is 30 years old, the annual wage is 20.520 .
(b) Calculate the total wage that will get the individual during all his labour life (between 25
and 65 years).
(c) Calculate the average annual wage between the 25 and 65 years.
11.- The cost function of a firm is such that the fixed cost is CF = 80 and the marginal cost C is
given by the following function of the commodity C(q) = 2e0.2q. Determine the total cost
function C(q).
12.- The marginal propensity to save in a given economy is expressed by the following
function of income, Y:
1
.
Y
If the saving is null when the income Y is 90, calculate the saving function S(Y).
13.- The rate of the capital stock formation of an economy, at an instant t, is given by the net
investment in t, I(t). If that function is:
I(t)
dK
dt
42
3t
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
and the initial stock of capital is K(0)=65 thousands of millions of euros, obtain the temporary
path of the stock of capital. Calculate the net investment done during the interval [1,3], this is,
during the second and the third year.
14.- The future value, VF, of a continuous investment of capitals per unit of time, C(t),
capitalized to an interest rate i during the period of time [0,b] is the following Riemann integral:
b
C(t)ei(b t) dt
VF
0
(a) Calculate the final value for a saver with a continuous investment of 1000 per year during
ten years, period [0,10], with i=0,025.
(b) Calculate the final value if the capital is 1000e0,01t per year (increasing capital).
(c) Calculate the additional final value accumulated in the 10th year (in the interval [9,10]) if
the capital flux is the one given in paragraph (a).
dx
x4
(b)
e 2x dx
(e)
dx
(h)
(d)
(g)
x
(j)
3
1
(m)
9
03
(x 2)
(k)
xdx
x2 1
(o)
5/3
dx
(n)
dx
x2
(f)
dx
(i)
x
x
dx
1
dx
( x 1)2
43
xe
x2
x
x 1
(x-5)
dx
(x 1) 4
dx
1
x4
2 2
3
0
(c)
dx
ex
(l)
1
0
()
dx
x 1/4
dx
01 x
1
dx
dx
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
16.- The current value, VA, of a continuous flux of capital per unit of time, C(t), discounted to
an interest rate i during a period of time [0,b] is the following Riemann integral:
b
C(t)e it dt
VA
0
It is asked:
(a) Calculate the current value of a continuous capital of 100 per month (constant capital)
during two years, period [0,24], with i=0,003.
(b) Calculate the current value if the capital is 100e0,001t per month (increasing capital).
(c) Calculate the current value if the capital flux is of 100 per month during the whole of life
(perpetual), this is, the period is [0,+ [.
Solutions:
y(x) = e-2x,
(b) y + xy = 0,
Solution:
y(x)
(c) y+y=senx,
Solution:
y(x)
x2
2
y(x) = 5e-2x.
.
1
cos x
2
1
sen x
2
18.- Check that the given functions are general solutions of the corresponding differential
equations. Find the single particular solution that verifies, in each case, the given condition.
(a) y+2y=0,
y(0)=2
y(0) = -1
Solution: y(x)
Ae
y(0) = 1
Solution: y(x)
1
4
1
x
2
19.- Solve:
(a)
dy
dx
(b)
dy
dx
2y
x
y
44
1
cos x
2
1 2
x
2
1
sen x
2
Ae
2x
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
(c) 1 e x y
dy
dx
ex ,
(d) 1 y 2 dx
(e)
dy
senx
dx
xy dy
0.
ycosx .
(f) x 1 x 2 dx
(g) y ln y dx
y(0) = 1.
y 1 y 2 dy
x dy
0,
0,
y(0)=1.
y(1)=1.
20.- Solve:
(a)
dy
dx
2xy
(b)
dy
dx
2y 1
(c)
dy
dx
2xy
(d)
dy
dx
xy
(e)
dy
dx
y
x
2x
2x ,
y(0) = -1.
x
3
x
32 5p(t)
The adjustment produced on the commodity price, when disequilibrium in the market, is given
by the following differential equation:
dp
dt
0,3(Q d
Qs ) .
Obtain the temporary path of the market price of that commodity if its initial price is p(0)=6.
Study if there is convergence to the equilibrium price or divergence when time goes on.
45
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
22.- A population of number H changes with the time, as a function of the reproduction rate n
and the net number of immigrants arrived, I, following the differential equation:
dH
dt
nH
Knowing that the initial population is H(0)=442 millions, n=0,005 and I=0,15, it is asked:
(a) Calculate the total population function through the time, H(t).
(b) Obtain the moment t when the population will reach the number of 50 millions.
(c) How much time is necessary to increase the population in 3 millions of people?
a) xe x dx
b)
3e
d)
2x
dx
-4
( x - 1)
e)
j)
h)
0
dx
e x
dx
x
xlnx x
f)
x3
x2
1 x3
0
dx
e 3 x dx
i)
-
dx
c)
j)
( 4 2 x )3
0
k)
dx
dx
2
0 1 2x
1
3 dx
(x 2)
g)
3
x 3
4x 1
1
x 3
2
2.- Study the convergence or divergence of the following integrals, as a function of the
value
dx
a
con a>0
46
MATHEMATICS I EXERCISES
ACADEMIC COURSE 2013-14
3.- A firm dedicated to trade with bricolage goods has as marginal cost (in millions of
euros per year)
Cm = t3-3t2+3t
Which will be the accumulated total cost of the firm from 2002 until 2010?
4.- A firm was establish with an initial capital of 200000 and its marginal benefits in the
following 5 years has been given by Bm(t) = (5
t )e 5t
0 , 5t 2 2
benefit of the firm in that period, the average Benefit and the final capital of the firm.
6.- Find the solution of the differential equation y + ycos(x) = cos(x) that verifies the
condition y(0) = -1.
7.- Find the solution of the differential equation y '
ycosx
condition y(0) = 4.
y'
(x 3) that verifies the condition
y2
y(2) = 1/4.
9.- Calculate the function y(x) that verifies the equation y=4xlnx and that satisfies the
initial condition y(1) = 5.
10.- Calculate the function y(x) that verifies the equation 6 yy'
initial condition y(1) = 0.
47