JTW201

MATEMATIK PERNIAGAAN
SIDANG VIDEO 1
UNIT 1 APLIKASI ASAS
UNIT 1.1 PECAHAN
24 SEP 2016 8AM-9AM

TUGASAN (20%)
1.

Pelajar perlu menyiapkan DUA (2) tugasan individu yang akan diberikan
melalui portal e-Learning PPPJJ.

2.

Tugasan I akan dibuka selepas sidang video kedua dan anda

mempunyai tempoh masa selama dua minggu untuk menyiapkan
tugasan tersebut.

3.

Tugasan II akan dibuka selepas kursus intensif dan tempoh masa

menjawab yang diberikan juga adalah dua minggu.

4.

Arahan tambahan untuk tugasan akan diumumkan melalui portal. Anda

dinasihati supaya membaca dan mematuhi arahan yang diberikan,
terutamanya berkenaan tarikh tutup tugasan. Selepas tarikh akhir
tersebut, akses kepada soalan tugasan akan ditutup dan markah
yang diperolehi oleh pelajar akan direkodkan. Sila layari portal dari
semasa ke semasa supaya anda tidak ketinggalan sebarang
pengumuman.

OBJEKTIF PELAJARAN
1.

Mengenali tiga jenis pecahan.

2.

Menukarkan pecahan tak wajar kepada nombor bulat atau nombor

bercampur dan pecahan bercampur kepada pecahan tak wajar.

3.

Mencari LCD melalui pemerhatian dan nombor perdana.

4.

Menolak, menambah, mendarab dan membahagi pelbagai jenis pecahan.

JENIS PECAHAN

Pengangka
Pecahan wajar mempunyai
nilai kurang daripada 1;
pengangka < penyebut.

Wajar
1, 1, 1, 4, 18
4 2 12 7 55

Penyebut

JENIS PECAHAN

Pengangka
Pecahan tak wajar
mempunyai nilai bersamaan
dengan atau lebih daripada
1; pengangka adalah sama
dengan atau lebih besar
daripada penyebut.

Pecahan tak wajar

14, 7, 15, 22
14 6 14 19

Penyebut

JENIS PECAHAN

Nombor bercampur
Nombor bercampur adalah hasil
tambah nombor bulat yang lebih
besar daripada sifar dan pecahan
wajar

5 1,
6

5 9,
10

8 7, 33 5,
8
6

139 9
11

MENUKAR PECAHAN TAK WAJAR KEPADA

NOMBOR BULAT ATAU NOMBOR BERCAMPUR
2 Steps
1 . Divide the numerator of the
improper fraction by the
denominator

15
15

2. a. If you have no remainder,

the quotient is a whole
number
2 b. If you have a remainder,
the quotient is a mixed
number. The remainder
is placed over the old
denominator as the
proper fraction of the
mixed number.

16
=
5
3
5

3R1
16
15
1

=1

1
5

MENUKAR NOMBOR BERCAMPUR

KEPADA PECAHAN TAK WAJAR
3 Steps
1 . Multiply the denominator of the
fraction by the whole number.
2. Add the product from Step 1 to
the numerator of the old
fraction.

3. Place the total from Step 2

over the denominator of the old
fraction to get the improper
fraction.

6 1
8
(8 x 6) = 48
(8 x 6) = 48
48 + 1 = 49

49
8

MENGURANGKAN PECAHAN KEPADA

SEBUTAN TERENDAH MELALUI PEMERHATIAN

Find the lowest whole number

that will divide evenly into the
numerator and denominator.

24
24 / 6
4
=
=
30
30 / 6
5

MENCARI PEMBAHAGI SEPUNYA

TERBESAR

Step 1. Divide the

numerator into the
denominator.
Step 2. Divide the remainder
in Step 1 into the divisor of
Step 1.
Step 3. Divide the remainder
of Step 2 into the divisor of
Step 2. Continue until the
remainder is 0.

24
30
1
24 30
24
6
4
6 24
24
0
24 / 6 =
30 / 6

4
5

MENINGKATKAN PECAHAN KEPADA SEBUTAN

LEBIH TINGGI APABILA PENYEBUT DIKETAHUI
4 = ?
7
35
2 Steps
1. Divide the new denominator by
the old denominator to get the
common number that raises the
fraction to higher terms.

2. Multiply the common number from Step

1 by the old numerator and place it as
the new numerator over the new
denominator.

5
35
35
0

4 x 5 = 20
20
35

MENAMBAH PECAHAN PENYEBUT

SAMA
Add the numerators and place the
total over the denominator.

If the total of your numerators is

the same as your original
denominator, convert your answer
to a whole number. If the total is
larger than your original
denominator, conver t your answer
to a mixed number.

2
7

3
7

5 + 6 =
9
9

5
7

11
9

2
= 1
9

MENAMBAH PECAHAN PENYEBUT

TAK SAMA
Penyebut sepunya terkecil [least common
denominator (LCD)] nombor bulat terkecil
bukan sifar yang membolehkan semua
penyebut dibahagikan dengan sempurna.
LCD boleh dicari melalui pemerhatian atau
dengan menggunakan nombor perdana.

NOMBOR PERDANA
Nombor perdana adalah nombor bulat yang lebih besar daripada 1
yang hanya boleh dibahagikan oleh dirinya sendiri dan 1. Nombor
1 bukan nombor perdana .

Contoh

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43

MENAMBAH PECAHAN PENYEBUT

TAK SAMA
4 Steps
1 . Find the LCD.
2. Change each fraction to a like
fraction with the LCD.
3. Add the numerators and place the
total over the LCD.
4. If necessary, reduce the answer to
lowest terms.

1 + 1 + 1 + 1
3
8
9
12

24 + 9 + 8
72 72 72

+6
72

= 47
72

MENAMBAH NOMBOR BERCAMPUR

3 Steps
1 . Add the fractions.
2. Add the whole numbers.
3. Combine steps 1 & 2. Be sure
you do not have an improper
fraction in your final answer. If
necessar y, reduce the answer to
lowest terms.

4 7
20

7
20

3
5

12
20

+7

1
4

+7

5
20

Step 1

24
20

4
20
= 1

4+6+7
Step 2
Step 3

= 17

4
20
18 1
5
18

MENOLAK PECAHAN PENYEBUT SAMA

2 Steps
1. Subtract the numerators and
place the total over the
denominator
2. If necessar y, reduce the answer
to lowest terms.

9 - 1 = 8
10
10
10

8 / 2 = 4
10 / 2
5

MENOLAK PECAHAN PENYEBUT TAK

SAMA
4 Steps
Step 1 . Find the LCD.

5
2
8
64

Step 2. Raise the fraction to its equivalent

value.

5 = 40
8
64

Step 3. Subtract the numerators and place the

answer over the LCD.

40 - 2 = 38
64
64
64

Step 4. If necessary, reduce the answer to

lowest terms.

38 = 19
64
32

MENOLAK NOMBOR BERCAMPUR

When Borrowing Is Necessary:
4 Steps
Step 1 . Make sure the fractions have
the LCD.
Step 2.

Borrow from the whole number.

Step 3.

Subtract whole numbers and

fractions.

Step 4.

Reduce the fractions to lowest

terms.

2
4

31
2

-1 3
4

3
-1
4

6
2
4
-1

3
4

3
14

MENDARAB PECAHAN WAJAR

2 Steps
Step 1. Multiply the numerator and the
denominator.
Step 2. Reduce the answer to lowest
terms.

1 4 4
2
x

6 7 42 21

MENDARAB NOMBOR BERCAMPUR

Conver t the mixed
numbers to improper
fractions.

21
3

X 1 1 = 7 X
2
3

3
2

= 7
2

31
2

Multiply the numerator

and denominators.

Reduce the answer to lowest

terms.

MEMBAHAGI PECAHAN WAJAR

Invert (turn upside down) the

divisor (the second fraction).

1
8

.
.

2
3

Multiply the fractions.

1
8

3
2

3
16

Reduce the answer to

lowest terms.

MEMBAHAGI NOMBOR BERCAMPUR

1 . Conver t all mixed

numbers to improper
fractions.

8 3
4

25 =
6

35
4

3. Reduce the
answer to
lowest terms.
6
17

2. Invert the divisor and

multiply.

105
34

= 3

3
34

CONTOH SOALAN (I)

Seventy-seven million people were born between 1946 and 1964. The U.S.
Census classifies this group of individuals as baby boomers. It is said that today,
and every day for the next 18 years, 10,000 baby boomers will reach 65. If 1/4 of
the 65 and older age group uses e-mail, 1/5 obtains the news from the Internet,
and 1/6 searches the Internet, find the LCD and determine total technology
usage for this age group as a fraction.

Solution:
LCD 60
1 1 1 15 12 10 37
+ + =
+
+
=
4 5 6 60 60 60 60

CONTOH SOALAN (II)

A trip to the White Mountains of New Hampshire from Boston will take you 2 and
hours. Assume you have traveled 1/11 of the way. How much longer will the
trip take?

Solution:
5
10
11
1

1
11
4
2

5
2

1
2 2 hours

CONTOH SOALAN (III)

Albertsons grocery planned a big sale on apples and received 750 crates
from the wholesale market. Albertsons will bag these apples in plastic. Each
plastic bag holds 1/9 of a crate. If Albertsons has no loss to perishables, how
many bags of apples can be prepared?

Solution:

750 / 1 = 750 x 9 = 6,750 bags

9

UNIT 1.2 PERPULUHAN

OBJEKTIF PELAJARAN
1.
2.
3.
4.

Menukar pecahan kepada perpuluhan dan perpuluhan

kepada pecahan.
Menambah, menolak , mendarab, dan membahagi
perpuluhan.
Menyiapkan aplikasi perpuluhan dalam mata wang asing.
Mendarab dan membahagi perpuluhan dengan menggunakan
jalan pintas.

JADUAL 1.2.1 1 PAKET M&MS

Color

Red
Blue
Orange
Brown
Green
Total

Fraction
18
55
10
55
9
55
7
55
6
55
5
55
55
55 = 1

Decimal
Percent
(hundredth) (hundredth)
.33

32.73%

.18

18.18%

.16

16.36%

.13

12.73%

.11

10.91%

.09

9.09%

1.00

100.00%

TEMPAT PERPULUHAN - CARTA NILAI

PEMBUNDARAN PERPULUHAN
3 Steps
Step 1. Identify the place
value of the digit you
want to round.

. 3272727

Step 2. Identify the digit to the

right. If 5 or more,
increase the identified
digit by 1. If less than
5, do not change.
.337272
Step 3. Drop all digits to
the right of the
identified digit.

.33

MENUKAR PECAHAN KEPADA

PERPULUHAN
2 Steps

Fraction

Decimal

# of places

1. Count the number of zeros

in the denominator.

3
10

.3

2. Place the numerator of the

decimal fraction to the right
of the decimal point the
same number of places as
you have zeros in the
denominator. Do not go
over the total number of
denominator zeros.

3
100

.03

.003

.0003

3
1,000
3
10,000

MENUKAR PECAHAN WAJAR KEPADA

PERPULUHAN
.75
3
4

3.00
2 8
20
20
0

Decimal

MENUKAR NOMBOR BERCAMPUR

KEPADA PERPULUHAN
8 2
5

Step 1

.4
5

2.0
2 0
0

Step 2

+ .4 = 8.4

MENUKAR PERPULUHAN KEPADA

PECAHAN
Step 1. Place the digits to the right of the
decimal point in the numerator of the
fraction. Omit the decimal point.

24

Step 2. Put a 1 in the

denominator of the fraction.

24
1

Places: The number of digits to the

right of the decimal point.

.24
Step 3. Add the same number
of zeros (as the places) to the denominator of the
fraction. For mixed decimals, add the fraction to
the whole number.

24
100

MENUKAR PERPULUHAN BERCAMPUR

KEPADA PECAHAN
17.35

Step 1. Place the digits to the

Stepright
1 of the
decimal point in the numerator of the fraction.
Omit the decimal point.

Step 2. Put a 1 in the denominator of the

fraction.
17.45

17 35
100

35

35
1

Places: The number of digits toPlaces

the right
of the decimal point.

Step 3. Add the same number of zeros (as the

places) to the denominator Step
of the3fraction. For
mixed decimals, add the fraction to the whole
number.

35
100

CARA MENAMBAH PERPULUHAN

Add: 4 + 7.3 + 36.139 + .0007 + 8.22
4.0000
7.3000
36.1390
.0007
8.2200
55.6597

CARA MENOLAK PERPULUHAN

Subtract: 45.3 - 15.273
45.300
- 15.273

30.027

CARA MENDARAB PERPULUHAN

8.52 (2 decimal places)
x 6.7 (1 decimal places)
= 5964
5112
57084
57.084
(3 decimal places)
2.36
x .016
1416
236
03776

Need to add zero

.03776

(5 decimal places)

CARA MEMBAHAGI PERPULUHAN

3 Steps

Example

Step 1. Make the divisor a whole

number by moving the
decimal point to the right.

2.5 32.800

Step 2. Move the decimal point in the

dividend to the right the same
number of places as in the
divisor (step 1). If there are
not enough places, add zeros
to the right of the dividend.

25. 328.00

Step 3. Place the decimal point in the

quotient above the new
decimal point in the dividend.
Divide as usual.

13.12
25. 328.00
25
78
75
30
25
50
50

APLIKASI PERPULUHAN DALAM

MATA WANG ASING
The price of an Apple iPad 2 can be bought in Canada for $600 U.S. dollars.
Using the currencies table from the Wall Street Journal let us see what the iPad 2
would sell for in Canadian dollars. Say, 1 U.S. Dollar equals $1.0210 Canadian
dollars . To find the cost in Canadian dollars:

Answer: You multiply the number of U.S. dollars ($600) times $1.0210.
$600 x $1.0210 = $612.60

JALAN PINTAS UNTUK PENDARABAN

GANDAAN 10
Step 1. Count the zeros in the multiplier.
Step 2. Move the decimal point in the multiplicand the same
number of places to the right as you have zeros in the
multiplier.

6890

6.89 x 1000

6.89 x 100

689

6.89 x 10

68.9

JALAN PINTAS UNTUK PEMBAHAGIAN

GANDAAN 10
Step 1. Count the zeros in the divisor.
Step 2. Move the decimal point the same
number of spaces to the left.

.00689

6.89 / 10

6.89 / 1000
6.89 / 100

.0689

.689

CONTOH SOALAN (I)

Round 75.9913 as indicated:

Solution:

Tenth
76.0

Hundredth
75.99

Thousandth
75.991

CONTOH SOALAN (II)

Convert the following decimal fractions to a decimal (round to nearest
hundredth as needed):
979
1,000
Solution:
979
1,000

1. count zeroes: 3
2. move 3 places to right

.979

.98

3. round to nearest hundredth

CONTOH SOALAN (III)

Convert the following decimal to a fraction. Do not reduce to lowest terms.
.825

Solution:
Step 1. Place the digits to the right of the decimal point in the numerator of the
fraction. Omit the decimal point.
825
Step 2. Put a 1 in the denominator of the fraction:
1

825

Step 3. Add the same number of zeros to the denominator of the fraction. For
mixed decimals, add the fraction to the whole number.
825
1,000

CONTOH SOALAN (IV)

Convert the following to mixed numbers. Do not reduce to the lowest terms.
28.38
Solution:
Step 1. Place the digits to the right of the decimal point in the numerator of the
fraction. Omit the decimal point.
38
Step 2. Put a 1 in the denominator of the fraction.

38
1

Places: The number of digits to the right of the decimal point. 2 Places
Step 3. Add the same number of zeros to the denominator of the fraction.
38
100
38
For mixed decimals,
28
100
add the fraction to the whole number.

Sekian, terima kasih.