Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
1 +, 1 +

01 ' 5

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

Step Out From the Old to the New

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

Jawaharlal Nehru

IS 228-4 (1987): Methods of chemical analysis of steels,

Part 4: Determination of total carbon by gravimetric method
(for carbon greater than or equal to 0.1 percent) [MTD 4:
Wrought Steel Products]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B

BharthariNtiatakam

Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

IS:228(Part4)-1987
( ReaIhncd 1997
( Reaffirmed
2002) )

Indian

Standard

METHOD FOR
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS
PART 4

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CARBON

BY GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
( FOR CARBON r 0.1 PERCENT)

( Third Revision )
I;wflh Reprint NOVEMBER

UDC

669.14 + 669.15-194.2/.3 : 543.21 [546.26]

BUREAU
MANAK

Gr 2

1998

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN

STANDARDS

9 BAHADUR
SHAH
NEW DELHI
110002

ZAFAR

MARG

Aqirst

1987

IS:228(Part4)-1987

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS
PART 4 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CARBON
BY GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
(FOR CARBON > O-1 PERCENT)

( Third Revision )
Methods of Chemical Analysis of Ferrous Metals
Sectional Committee, SlMDC 2
Chuiman

Rqmsmting
Bhabha

DR C. S. P. IYLR

Atomic

Research

Centre,

Bombay

Mcmbnr
Steel Authority

SHKI G. M. APPAUAO
SIIBX R. D. AOAIIWAL (
BHAOW~Y

AllmW)

SHEI S. V.

Sanr D. N. GUPTA ( Aflernnlc )

SEttIP. CHAKRA
CREYWT&

of India Ltd ( Bhilai

Steel Plant ),

Bhilai

METALLVIWUST

Khandelwnl

Ferro Alloy1 Ltd, Nagpur

Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd, Koraput

Ministry of Transport ( Department
of Railways)

AINXVTANT RESEARCHOIFIC~~R
(MET-2)
RDSO,
Luclixow

( Allrmdr )

Tata Iron 8; Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur

CHIEW CIIEM~ST
AWXSTANT CHIEF CHRMMT
( Allnnat~ )
Ministry of Defence (DGI)
SIiItIM. K. CEAtiRAVARTY
Snug P. K. SEN ( Altrrnotr )
Indian Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Burnpur
DR M. M. CEAKRABO~TY
SERB M. S. CEATTERJEE
( Altrrnotr )
Ordnance Factory Board ( Ministry of Defence ),
SERI C. K. D~KOH~T
Calcutta
SARI S. N. MOITRA ( Abn~tr )
Directorate
General
of Supplies
& Disposals,
SaRI V.B. KIXANXA
New Delhi
Steel Authority
of India Ltd (Durgapur
Steel
SHR~ J. N. MUIWERJEE
Plant ). Durgapur

( Cen8inurd 8n porr 2 )

BUREAU

0 whr
1987
OF INDIAN STANDARDS

This publication
is protected -under the Itin
clrprighl
Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
rrproduction
in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement
of copyright under the said Act.

IS:228(Part4)-1987

Rtpcmting

Mcmbm
SHRI P. NABAIN
SHRI G. R. Saalar
SHBI N. P. PANDA

Mabindra
( Altnncfc)

SIIIU B. MAIIAPATRA ( Aftn~h

Da L. P. PANDEY
DR D. C. PRASHAR

Steel
)

Steel Co Ltd. Bombay

Autbority
of India
Plant ), Rourkela

National
N

Ugine

Ltd

Metallurgical

Laboratory

p;h-J~r Pbvsical a

Laboratorv

New Delhi

SHBI J. RAI ( Al~rraa~ )

Saat G. RAJARAO
SHRI K. RAMAKBIIHIAN
Da J. RAJARAY ( Allma& )
SBRI A. P. !hNEA

Ferro Alloys Cornoration

Eurn & Co, Batgalore
Steel

SHRI N. V. SUEIBAIIA~APPA
DB P. S~JBBAHYANIAY

SHBI T. H. RAO (Al&m&

DE CR. VENKATLBWARLU
SABI K. RAOHAVENDBAN,
Director ( Strut St Met )

Authority
of
Plant ), Bokaro

(Rourkela

Steel

( CSIR ),
(CSIR
.

).
I.

Ltd. Shreeramaagar

India

Ltd

( Bokaro

Steel

Vivervnraya
Iron 8t Steel Ltd. Bbadravati
Dcfence
Metallurgical
Rewarcb
Laboratory,
Hvderabad
,
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay
Director General, BIS ( Ex-oficio Member)

Slcrrlary
SFIBI M. L. SHARJ~A
Assirtant Director ( Metalr ), BIS

Ferrpus

Metals

Analysis

Subcommittee,

SMDC

2 : 3

cono#mr
Bhabha

Ds C. 9. P. IYBR

Atomic

Research

Centre,

Bombay

hitathrr
Bharat Heavy Electricalr Ltd, Hjderahad
SHRI S. BASKABAN
SHBI MATA SARAN ( A&m&
I )
SHRI B. RAEA (Alternate II )
Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Bhilai Steel Plant ),
!&RI U.P.bJB
Bbilai
SIiRI E. M. VERQHEtlE ( Altmatr )
Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd. Iamrhednur
CHlElP CEEMIRT
.

AIWSTANT CIIIBP CEBYIST ( A&m&

DB M. M. CHAKBABORTT
SHRI L. N. Dbs ( Altmmtr )
SEBI H. K. DAE
SHRI K. Bmaror
SHBI A. K. GIJPTA

( Aitrrnats )

Indian

Steel

Iron & Steel Co Ltd.

Authority
of India
Plant ), Rourkela

Physical
National
New Delhi

Burnpur
Ltd

Labor&y

( hourkela

Steel

( C8IR

),

( Cetttirurd on pap 8 )
2

IS : 228( Part

4 ) - 1987

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS
PART

DETERYlNATlON
OF TOTAL CARBON
BY GARVIMETRIC
METHOD
(FOR CARBON
> O-1 PERCENT )

( Third Revision )
0.

FOREWORD

I)y
R cvision ) was adopted
0.1 This Indian
Standard
( Part 4 ) (Third
the Indian
Standards
Institution
on 16 January
1987, afirr the draft
finalized
by the Methods
of Chemical
Analysis
of Pcrrous
Metals
Sectional
Committre
had been approved
by the Structural
and Mct;~ls
Division Council.
0.2 IS : 228, which was issued as a tentative
standard
in 1952 and
revised in 1959, covered the chemical
analysis of pig iron, cast iron and
For the convenience
it was decidctl
plain carbon and low alloy steels.
to publish
a comprehensive
series on chemical
analysis
of steels
including
high alloy steels.
Accordingly,
revision
of IS : 228 was
taken-up
again and new series on method
of chemical
analysis
of
steels including
high alloy steels was published
in various
parts as
IS : 228 ( Parts 1 to 13 ) ( see Appendix
A ) covering separate method
However,
IS : 228-195!)*
of analysis
for each constituent
in steels.
version has been rctainc tl for the analysis of pig iron and cast iron till
a separate standard
for analysis of pig iron and cast iron is phlishctl.
0.2.1 This revision of IS : 228 (Part 4)-19747
has been undcrtnkcn
on the basis of experience
gained
during
the implementation
of \he
standard
by the manufacturers
and testing
laboratories.
0.3 In this revision,

method

has been

updated.

*Methods
of chemical
analysis of pig iron, cast won and plain
alloy 1teela [ rruiud )*
tMethod1
for chemical
analysis
of steels: Part 4 Determination
gravimetric
method ( for carbon > 0.1 percent ) (rend
rmi~ion
).

carbon
of

and low

carbon

by

IS : 228 ( Part 4 ) - 1987

8.4 In rr,porting
111~ reslllt of a test or analysis
made in accordance
r\.itIl tItis 51;~ntlartl, if the final value, ohservcd
or calculated,
is to be
I r)~~trcIt~tI011; it >11;111
Iw clone in accordance
with IS : 2-1960*.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard
(Part 4) covers the method
for determination
low alloy and high alloy
total carljon content
of plain carbon,
nfO.1 pcrccnt
and above by the grnvimctric
method.
2. OUTLINE

OF

THE

of
steels

METHOD

2.1 The sample

is burnt
in a stream
of purified
oxygen
and the
carhnn
dioxide
formctl
is al~wrlwtl,
after
purihation,
in suitable
ahorhant
and tlc~tcrminc~cl.
3. REAGENTS
3.1 Oxygen

(On) -

3.2 Accarite

905 percent

minimum.

or Soda Lime -- 080 to 200 mm.

3.3 Magnesium

Perchlorate

Mg (CIO(

)2, 0.80 to 200 mm.

3.4 Boat/Crucible - Boat/crucible

of
precise
dimension
accommodating
in the r&stance
and induction
furnace.

for

3.4.1 Preignitc
the boats/crucibles
in air or oxygen in a furnace
for
an hour at 1 100C and stnrc in a desiccator
and check for consistancy
of the blank values.
3.5 Flux,Accelerator - Low carbon
copper,
at 550(Z), tin and iron of low carbon content.

red

lead

( preignited

4. APPARATUS
4.1 The
11setl

apparatus

4.2 Instead
be used.

01 the

recommended

resistance

in IS : 6226 (Part

furnace,

an induction

l)-1971t

furnace

may

may

be

also

--*Rules for rounding ofl numerical valuer ( mid).

tRecommcndation
for apparatus for chemical
Determination of carbon by direct combustion.
4

analysis

of metals:

Put

IS:228(Part4)-1987
5. SAMPLING
5.1 The sample shall be drawn
Standards.

as prescribed

in the relevant

5.2 The sample is to be cleaned with analar grade

dried in an air oven at 100 f 5C.

ether

Indian

and acetone,

6. PROCEDURE
6.1 Assemble the apparatus.
Switch on the furnace, if it is a resistance
furnace, and allow it to attain a temperature
of 1 05OC (see Note ), all
the while passing oxygen through the apparatus so that it bubbles
freely at the exit end of the train.
Disconnect the absorption bulb,
till it attains room temperature
and take the
keep in a desiccator
Repeat the operation
till a constant
weight is
initial weight.
obtained.
NOTB- For high chromium and high nickel rteelr, the temperature of 1 250C
in recommended for complete comburtion.

6.2 Weigh to the nearest 0001 g, 20 to 30 g of the test sample.

Transfer
to the preignited combustion boat covered at the bottom
Spread the sample evenly over
with a thin layer of calcined alumina.
the top of the alumina and cover it with 20 to 30 g of the flux.
Introduce the boat slowly In the hot zone of the combustion tube.
6.3 In the case of induction heating, weigh to the nearest 0001 g, 09
Add an
to 11 g of the sample and transfer to a preignited crucible.
equal
quantity
of the flux. Place the crucible in Position on the
pedestal post of the furnace, raise to the combustion
position and
lock the system. Pass oxygen through the system and ignite the sample.
6.4 Maintain a rapid flow of oxygen ( 800 to 1 000 ml/min) throughout
the combustion, then reduce to 400 to 500 ml per min and maintain
it for another 6 co 8 min in order to sweep out the carbon dioxide.
6.5 Remove the absorption
bulb and weigh it after keeping it in
The increase in weight of
desiccator till it attains room temperature.
the bulb represents the carbon dioxide.
6.6 Remove the boat or crucible and examine
combustion.
If the sample is not thoroughly
determination
with a fresh sample.

for any incomplete

fused, repeat the

6.7 Blank - Charge a prei nited boat or crucible, as the case may be,
with the same amount of Bux used in the determination
and follow
the procedure as in 6.2 to 6.5.
5

IS:228(Part4)-1981
7. CALCULATION
7.1 Calculate

the total
Carbon,

carbon

content

A-B
= --x
c

percent

of the sample

as follows:

2729

where

A = increase
carbon

B = increase
carbon
C=

in mass in g of the absorption

dioxide from the sample,

bulb

in mass in g of the absorption

dioxide from the blank determination,

bulb

mass in g of the sample

due

to

due
and

to

taken.

8. ACCURACY
8.1 The
range

above

accuracy

of 01

to
075 percent.

of the
075

method
percent

in the

is & 001 percent

for carbon
and f 002
percent
for

APPENDIX

carbon

( Clause 0.2 )
INDIAN STANDARDS

ON
ANALYSIS

IS : 228

Methods

for chemical

METHODS
FOR
OF STEELS

analysis

CHEMICAL

of steels:

( Part

1 )-I972
Determination
of carbon
by volumetric
( for carbon > 01 percent ) ( second revision )

( Part

2)-1972
Determination
of manganese
in plain carbon
low alloy steels by arsenite method ( second revision )

( Part

3 )-1972
Determination
( second rcvisiorr )

( Part

4 )-1987
Determination
of total carbon by gravimetric
( for carbon ) 01 percent ) ( third revision )

( Part

5 )-I974
Determination
ravimetric
) method
?!Xon )

of phosphorus

of nickel
( for nickel

by alkalimetric

method
and

method
method

by
dimethyl
lyoxime
> 05 percent s ( second

IS

(Part

S)-1974
Determination
oxidation
method
rcuision )

: 228

( Part

of
chromium
hy
persi!ipha?e
( for chromium
> 05 percent
: I serond

Part 7 )-1974
Determination
of molybdenum
method ( for molybdenum
> 1 pwccnt

by a-bcnzoinoxirne
) ( ~vtond rFi/iJiott )

( Part

8)-1975
Determination
of silicon by the_ ~ravimetric
( for silicon > 0 1 percent ) ( second
reutszon
)

(Part

9)-1975
Determination
of sulphur
in plain
evolution
met hod (second
revirion
)

10 )-1976 Determination
(photometric)
method
in low and high alloy

Parr

4 ) - 1987

method

CW~J(JII

steels

by

of molybdenum
by
thiocyannte
( for molybdenum
up to 1 perwnt
steels ( second
reviJir,tl
)

Part

11 )-1976 Determination
of silicon by photometric
method in
carbon steels and low alloy steels ( for silicon 001 to 005
percent ) ( second
relision
)

Part

12 )-I976 Determination
Of
manganese
hy
(photometric)
method
in low and high i\lloy
manganese
up to 2 percent ) ( second
revision
)

Part

13 )-1982

Determination

of arsenic

periodate
steels ( for

IS : 228 ( Part

4 ) - 1987

RaprcsraIing
Steel
SJIRI P. K. BANEHJEE ( Altrrnafr
SMHI P. NAI~AIN
SHXI G. 11. SIRMA ( Altrrndr )
SJIRI R. S. NATH
8n1u N. GUNL)APPA
1)~ L. P. PANDEY

Altarnatr )

Sun1 G. Rnnlons
SIIHI R. D. VANDRIWALLA
SJIRI J. C. DEY ( Afterme )

Authority
of India
Plant ), Durgapur

)
hahindra
Steel

Ugine

Ltd

(Durgapur

Steel

Steel CO Ltd, Bombay

Authority
of
Plant ), Rokaro

India

Ltd

(Bokaro

Steel

Metallurgical
Laboratory
( CSIR ),
National
Jamrhedpur
_
Visvervarava
Iron & Steel Ltd. Bbadravati
ltalab Pvt Ltd. Bombay

BUREAU

OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones: 323 0131,323 3375,323 9402
Fax : 91 11 3234062, 91 11 3239399, 91 11 3239382
Telegrams : Manaksansths
(Common to all Offices)
Central Laboratory :
Telephone
Plot No. 20/9, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahibabad 201010

8-77 00 32

Regional Offices:
Central

: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002

*Eastern

: l/l 4 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054

Northern : SC0 335336,

Southern

Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH

160022

32376

17

337 86 62
60 38 43

: C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113

235 2315

tWestem : Manakafaya, E9, Behind Marol Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East),

MUMBAI 400093

832 92 95

Branch Offices::
Pushpak, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD
$Peenya Industrial Area, 1 st Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur
BANGALORE 560058

380001

5501348

Road,

839 49 55

Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462003

55 40 21

Plot No. 6263,

40 36 27

Unit VI, Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR

Kalaikathir Buildings, 670 Avinashi Road, COIMBATORE

Plot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD
Savftri Complex, 116 G.T. Road, GHAZIABAD

751001
641037

21 01 41

121001

8-28 88 01

201001

8-71 1996

53/5 Ward No.29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI

781003

5-8-56C, L.N. Gupta Marg, Nampafly Station Road, HYDERABAD

541137

500001

E-52, Chitaranjan Marg, C- Scheme, JAIPUR 362001

37 29 25

117/418 8, Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005

Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor,
LUCKNOW 226001

Behind

Leela

201083

21 68 76

Cinema,

Naval

Kishore

Road,

NIT Building, Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010

2389 23
52 51 71

Patfiputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013

26 23 05

Institution of Engineers (India) Building 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005

32 36 35

T.C. No. 14/l 421,

Unhsity P. 0. Palayam, THlRUVANANTH4PURAM

695034

621 17

*Sales office is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P.O. Princep Street,

CALCUTTA 700072

271085

tSales Dfffce is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400067

3096528

$Sales Dffice is at F Block, Unity Building, Narashimaraja Square,

BANGALORE 560002

222 39 71

Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India