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Volume: 4 Issue: 3
ISSN: 2321-8169
378 - 382
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INTRODUCTION
The demand for electricity is increasing day-byday. Due to rapid load growth, the need for augmentation of
conventional generation brings about a continuous depletion
of fossil fuel reserve. Therefore, most of the countries are
looking for non-conventional / renewable energy sources as
an alternative. Reduction of environmental pollution and
global warming acts as a key factor in preferring renewable
energy sources over fossil fuels. To cut down greenhouse
gas (carbon and nitrogenous by-products) emissions in order
to counter climate change and global warming, it is
necessary to look towards RES as a future energy solution.
Even though Renewable Energy Sources (RES) helps to
meet todays demand for electricity, its intermittent nature
produces Power Quality problems, and its high penetration
level in distribution systems may pose a threat to network in
terms of stability and voltage regulation issues. Hence in
order to ensure safe, reliable and efficient operation of
overall network, the distributed generation system must
comply with strict technical and regulatory frame works.
Non-linear loads and use of power electronics based
equipment at PCC generate harmonic currents, which affects
the quality of power(1),(2). The DG systems can now be
actively controlled to enhance the system operation with
improved Power Quality at the point of common coupling
(PCC).
II.
III.
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ISSN: 2321-8169
378 - 382
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quality is maintaining a near sinusoidal power distribution
bus voltage at rated frequency. Some important problems of
power quality are power system stability, reliability,
efficiency, cost etc. (3).Renewable energy sources are
connected to the utility grid through power electronic
devices. A current controlled voltage source inverter is used
for interfacing RES to the grid. The use of power electronic
devices creates various power quality issues like unbalance,
load and grid current harmonics, load active and reactive
power requirement (4). The other power quality problems
are notching in load voltages, dc offset in load voltage,
supply voltage distortion, voltage sag/swell, voltage flicker.
C.Harmonics
Power electronic loads are the major source of harmonic
generation in power systems. The deformity in sine wave of
voltage and current caused harmonics in the system. Every
non- sinusoidal waveform contains harmonics. The grid
interfacing inverter compensates load current harmonics.
D.Over voltage/ under voltage
An over voltage is a 10% or more increase in rms voltage
for more than 1 minute. It is caused by switching off of a
large load or the energization of a large capacitor bank. An
under voltage is the result of an event, which is reverse of
the event that causes overvoltage. These conditions may also
occur by environmental phenomena such as direct or
indirect lightening strikes on the grid. Such condition is
rarely occurring and it can be reduced using grid
components (3) ,(5).
E.Transients
It is that part of change in a system variable that disappears
during transition from one steady state operating condition
to another. It is categorized into impulsive and oscillatory
transients.
B.Voltage Flicker
Voltage flicker is a problem of human perception. Usually
the deviation in the flickering voltage is much less than the
threshold of susceptibility of the electrical equipment. The
main cause of voltage flicker is the arc loads like arc
furnace, arc welder and arc lamp.
IV.
Fig.1
The proposed system consists of Renewable energy sources
like solar, wind turbine, fuel cells are connected to the dc
link of a grid-interfacing inverter as shown in fig.1. A
distribution transformer is connected in series with the line
to be compensated. It provides the final voltage
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ISSN: 2321-8169
378 - 382
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coupled to DC-link. Since the power from RES may be d.c
or a.c , it requires power conditioning before connecting on
dc-link (6). The intermittent nature of RES produces
variable power. This variable power is transferred to the grid
through dc-link. The dc voltage plays an important role in
variable power transfer from renewable energy source to the
grid. The inverter consists of power electronic switches as
IGBT in anti- parallel with diode. Since the inverter is a
Fig 2
The fourth terminal of inverter is used to minimize the
neutral current of the load. The main aim of proposed
approach is to regulate the power to distribution level during
:
1.PRES =0
2.PRES < total load power ( PL)
3.PRES > PL
This control performs the function at the above three
conditions, power supplies at the point of common coupling
(PCC) .in the distribution system. This control supplies
active power demand from the grid or to the grid. If the load
to PCC is non-linear, unbalance or combination of both, the
given control compensates the harmonics, unbalance and
neutral current (7).
V.
SIMULATION RESULTS
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IJRITCC | March 2016, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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ISSN: 2321-8169
378 - 382
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Fig 3: shows a) Grid voltage, b) Grid current, c) Inverter voltage, and d) Inverter current
Inverter current is unbalanced due to non-linear load after
compensate load current , improve power quality, reduced
interfacing RES energy with new control strategy of inverter
harmonics at desired power factor.
Fig 5: P1-P6 shows the switching signal of inverter, P7andP8 are switching signal to neutral current
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IJRITCC | March 2016, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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ISSN: 2321-8169
378 - 382
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Fig 6: shows the load voltage, load current and its FET analysis of single phase current.
The total harmonic distortion is nearly 28% but
after compensation it reduced to 2.94%. Load current and its
FET analysis is shown in fig.6
Fig.4 shows the output of Phase Locked loop (PLL)
is used to obtain the is used to generate the unit vector.
The switching signal of inverter is shown in fig 5. Here P1
to P6 is controlled in such a way that the RES energy is
interfaced with grid and compensates the load current
harmonics and improve power quality.
VI.
CONCLUSION
This paper presents a power quality improvement in grid
connected RES at distribution by using three- phase four
wire inverter. The harmonics level of source current is 28%
without filtering, after implementing inverter (filter) the
harmonic level is reduced to 2.94%. The grid inverter injects
real power from RES and effectively utilized at lagging
demand at distribution level. The neutral current is
prevented to flow to the grid and this is done by fourth leg
of inverter to compensate neutral current as nearly equal to
zero. The THD level of the grid current is reduced hence
improve the power quality.
[5]
[6]
[7]
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
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