Ultracapacitor-Battery Hybrid Energy Storage

System Based on the Asymmetric Bidirectional Z-Source

Topology for EV
ABSTRACT:
This paper proposes an ultracapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage system
(HESS) for electric vehicle (EV) based on asymmetric bi-directional Z-source
topology. Compared with the conventional two-stage design, the HESS can be
incorporated into the traction inverter system, leading to better performance and
lower cost. The ultracapacitor (UC) energy can be effectively utilized due to the
buck/boost characteristic in the Z-source converter; meanwhile the battery
converter gets eliminated in this case. The assumption about the symmetry in the
Z-source topology impendence network states for the conventional analysis no
longer applies to the proposed HESS configuration. The asymmetric characteristic
related with the uneven power distribution of UCs and battery is mathematically
excavated in details. The frequency dividing coordinated control is proposed to
exploit the advantages of UCs and battery. The battery peak current estimation is
then investigated. Finally, the steady performance and transient response in both
traction and regenerative modes are verified by simulation and experimental results

INTRODUCTION:
Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is an attractive solution for electric
vehicle (EV) energy storage system (ESS). Compared with the battery-based ESS,
a high rate and efficient charge/discharge capability can be achieved under the
accelerating, climbing and braking conditions. Ultracapacitor (UC) is widely
presented in the HESS researches because of its high power density and long life
span with over one million cycles. By combining UCs and batteries in an HESS,

the overall performance can be enhanced in power density and dynamic response.
The simplest HESS structure is to parallel UCs and batteries together, which is
classified as passive HESS. The major problem associated with it is the shortage in
the utilization of the UC energy because the voltage range is limited by the
batteries. With power electronics converters, the voltages can be distinct in UCs
and battery, thereby forming the independently managed internal power flows.
Generally, three concerns should be taken into account in an active HESS
design. The first is the energy utilization of UCs. The energy which the UCs can
provide is related with its voltage working range. The converter needs to provide
enough boost ration to exploit the entire working range of the UC. The second is
the limitation with power electronics converter. Power loss, volume, and cost
problem caused by extra dcdc converters impede its implementation in vehicle
application. Finally, the low battery package voltage requirement for vehicle
application should be considered. To summarize, the tradeoff between the cost of
power electronics and the performance of the HESS is the main topic in most
HESS researches.

EXISTING SYSTEM:
The inverter works as the interface between the HESS and the electric motor.
One solution for the tradeoff mentioned above is by merging the active HESS with
the inverter. In recent researches, the impedance-source-network-based power
converters provide efficient methods of buck/boost power conversion between
sources and loads. Among them, the Z-source converter has been considered as an
attractive case for the vehicle application. First, it has the same features of a dcdc
boosted inverter with single stage as being less complicated and more costeffective. Second, its reliability is enhanced as the momentary shoot-through (ST)

in phase can no longer damage the inverter. Finally, the ST duty cycle and
modulation index enable the system to control the motor, regulate battery and UC
power distribution simultaneously. Additionally, the ST vectors in Z-source provide
approaches for the realization of sensorless motor driver. The ST strategy with the
leg numbers could optimize the switching loss and conduction loss according to
different phase current values.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:
This paper proposes an ultracapacitor (UC)-battery hybrid energy storage
system (HESS) for electric vehicle based on asymmetric bidirectional Z-source
topology. Compared with the conventional two-stage design, the HESS can be
incorporated into the traction inverter system, leading to better performance and
lower cost. The UC energy can be effectively utilized due to the buck/boost
characteristic in the Z-source converter; meanwhile, the battery converter gets
eliminated in this case.

APPLICATIONS:
Electric vehicle (EV).

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Asymmtrical
Bidirectional ZSource Converter

Storage
Supply

Battery
Supply

12V DC

Three Phase
Inverter

Driver Circuit

Buffer Circuit
5V DC
Micro Controller
Circuit

Load