Name:

Muhammad Bin Naseem

Roll Number:
F16-0358
Section:
A
Department:
Department of
Agricultural Sciences
University:
University of Haripur
Email:
muhammadbinnaseem@gma
il.com
Submitted To:Rasheed Akber

RNA
1

RNA
RNA occurs in Nucleoli, chromosomes and cytoplasm (about
90% of the cells RNA occurs in the cytoplasm). RNA
chemically consists of 5 carbon ribose sugar. RNA is single
stranded molecule/ RNA is chemical messenger and plays a
key role in the process of Protein synthesis,
RNA consists of sugars, bases and Phosphoric acid. Sugar is
ribose against Deoxyribose in DNA. In RNA the bases are
adenine, guanine, uracil and cytosine i.e. they mine of DNA is
replaced by uracil.

Types of RNA
Various types of RNA are found in plant cells.
(a)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Which carries the information contained in DNA
(b)
Transfer RNA (t RNA)
Also known as soluble RNA which work as adaptor
molecules for carrying amino acids to the site of Protein
synthesis
(c)
Ribosomal RNA (r RNA)
Which is associated with ribosome. All these three types
are monogenetic RNA.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

RNA
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Comprises only 5% of the RNA in the cell

Most heterogeneous in size and base sequence
All members of the class function as messengers carrying the
information in a gene to the protein synthesizing machinery

Transfer RNA (t RNA)

Transfer RNA are the smallest of three major species of RNA
molecules
They have 74-95 nucleotide residues
They are synthesized by the nuclear processing of a
precursor molecule
They transfer the amino acids from cytoplasm to the protein
synthesizing machinery, hence the name t RNA.
They are easily soluble, hence called Soluble RNA or s RNA
They are also called Adapter molecules, since they act as
adapters for the translation of the sequence of nucleotides of
the m RNA in to specific amino acids
There are at least 20 species of t RNA one corresponding to
each of the 20 amino acids required for protein synthesis

Ribosomal RNA (r RNA)

RNA
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The mammalian ribosome contains two major nucleoprotein

subunitsa larger one with a molecular weight of 2.8 x 106
(60S) and a smaller subunit with a molecular weight of 1.4 x
106 (40S).
The 60S subunit contains a 5S ribosomal RNA (r RNA), a 5.8S
r RNA, and a 28S r RNA; there are also probably more than 50
specific polypeptides.
The 40S subunit is smaller and contains a single 18S r RNA
and approximately 30 distinct polypeptide chains.
All of the ribosomal RNA molecules except the 5S r RNA are
processed from a single 45S precursor RNA molecule in the
nucleolus.
5S r RNA is independently transcribed.

Differences between DNA and RNA

DNA

Sugar moiety is deoxyribose

Uracil is absent.
Double stranded molecules.
Sum of purine bases is equal to sum of pyrimidine
base. (A+G)=(C+T)
Resistant to hydrolysis by alkali because of absence
of hydroxyl group on 2 carbon atom of deoxyribose.

RNA

Sugar moiety is ribose.

Thymine is absent.
Single stranded molecules.
Sum of purine bases is not equal to sum of
pyrimidine base. (A+G)#(C+T)

RNA
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 Because of presence of hydroxyl group on 2 carbon

atom of ribose, RNA is easily hydrolyzed by alkali.

RNA
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