Problems for BJT Section

Lecture notes: Sec. 3

F. Najmabadi, ECE65, Winter 2012

Exercise 1: Find state of transistor and its currents/voltages. (Si BJT

with = 100, min = 50).
PNP Transistor

iC = 1 mA > 0 : BJT is NOT in cut-off

iE = 1.2 mA

iB = iE iC = 0.2 mA

iC / iB = 1/0.2 = 5 < min

BJT is in saturation:
vCE = Vsat = 0.2 V
vBE = VD0 = 0.7 V

F. Najmabadi, ECE65, Winter 2012

iB = 10 A > 0: BJT is NOT in cut-off

vEC = 5 V > VD0 = 0.7 V

BJT is in active mode:
iC = iB = 1 mA

vEB = VD0 = 0.7 V

Exercise 2: Compute transistor parameters (Si BJT with = 100).

EB - KVL : 12 = vEB + 40 103 iB + 8 4 = vEB + 40 103 iB
EC - KVL : 12 = vEC + 103 iC
Assume Cut - off : iB = 0 and vEB < VD 0 = 0.7 V
EB - KVL : 4 = 40 103 0 + vEB vEB = 4 V
vEB = 4 V > VD 0 = 0.7 V Assumption incorrect

EB ON : vEB = VD 0 = 0.7 V and iB 0

EB - KVL : 4 = 40 103 iB + 0.7 iB = 82.5 A > 0
Assume Active : iC = iB and vEC VD 0 = 0.7 V
iC = iB = 100 82.5 10 6 = 8.25 mA
EC - KVL : 12 = vEC + 103 8.25 10 3 vEC = 3.75 V
vEC = 3.75 V > VD 0 = 0.7 V Assumption correct
F. Najmabadi, ECE65, Winter 2012

PNP Transistor!

Exercise 3: Compute transistor parameters (Si BJT with = 100).

BE - KVL : 4 = 40 103 iB + vBE + 103 iE

CE - KVL : 12 = 103 iC + vCE + 103 iE

Assume Cut - off : iB = 0, iC = 0 and vBE < VD 0 = 0.7 V

iE = iB + iC = 0
BE - KVL : 4 = 40 103 0 + vBE + 103 0 vBE = 4 V
vBE = 4 V > VD 0 = 0.7 V Assumption incorrect

Because BE-KVL depends on iE (there is a resistor in the emitter circuit), iB

would depend on the state of transistor (active or saturation)e

F. Najmabadi, ECE65, Winter 2012

Exercise 3 (contd): Compute transistor parameters (Si BJT with = 100).

BE - KVL : 4 = 40 103 iB + vBE + 103 iE
CE - KVL : 12 = 103 iC + vCE + 103 iE
Assume Active : iC = iB and vCE VD 0 = 0.7 V
BE ON : vBE = VD 0 = 0.7 V and iB 0
iE = iB + iC = ( + 1) iB = 101iB
BE - KVL : 4 = 40 103 iB + vBE + 103 101 iB
4 = (40 +101) 103 iB + 0.7 iB = 23.4 A
iC = iB = 100 23.4 10 6 = 2.34 mA
iE = iB + iC = 2.36 mA
CE - KVL : 12 = 103 2.34 10 3 + vCE + 103 2.36 10 3 vCE = 7.3 V
vCE = 7.3 V > VD 0 = 0.7 V Assumption correct

It is a very good approximation to set iE iC in the active mode!

F. Najmabadi, ECE65, Winter 2012

Exercise 4: Compute transistor parameters (Si BJT with = 100).

EB - KVL : 10 = 103 iE + vEB
EC - KVL : 10 = 103 iC + vEC + 103 iE 10
Since a 10-V supply is in the EB circuit, EB junction is probably ON

Assume Active : iC = iB and vEC VD 0 = 0.7 V

EB ON : vEB = VD 0 = 0.7 V and iB 0
10 vEB
= 4.65 mA > 0
3
2 10
i
iB = E = 46.0 A
+1
iC = iB = 4.60 mA
iE =

(EB ON justified!)
PNP Transistor!

EC - KVL : 20 = 2 103 4.65 10 3 + vEC + 103 4.60 10 3 vEC = 6.10 V

vEC = 6.10 V > VD 0 = 0.7 V Assumption correct
F. Najmabadi, ECE65, Winter 2012

Exercise 5: Find iC2 (Si BJTs with 1 = 100 and 2 = 50 ).

Darlington Pair:
If Q1 is ON: iE1 > 0 iB2 > 0 Q2 is ON!

If Q1 is OFF: iE1 = 0 iB2 = 0 Q2 is OFF!

If both in active:
iE1 = ( 1 + 1) iB1
iB 2 = iE1 = ( 1 + 1) iB1
iC 2 = 2 iB 2 = 2 ( 1 + 1) iB1 1 2 iB1

Q1 & Q2 act as a super-high- BJT

Note: It is possible that one BJT be in active
and one in saturation
F. Najmabadi, ECE65, Winter 2012

Darlington Pair

iE 1 = iB 2

Exercise 5 (contd): Find iC2 (Si BJTs with 1 = 100 and 2 = 50 ).

BE1 + BE2 - KVL : 3 = 470 103 iB1 + vBE1 + vBE 2
CE1 - KVL :

10 = 4.7 103 iC1 + vCE1 + vBE 2

CE2 - KVL :

10 = 470 iC 2 + vCE 2

Darlington Pair :

iE1 = iB 2

Since a 3-V supply is in the BE1+BE2 circuit,

both BJTs are probably ON.

BEs ON : vBE1 = vBE 2 = VD 0 = 0.7 V and iB1 0 & iB 2 0

BE1 + BE2 - KVL : 3 = 470 103 iB1 + 0.7 + 0.7 iB1 = 3.40 A > 0
Darlington Pair with Q1 ON Q2 is ON
Assume Q1 Active : iC1 = 1iB1 and vCE1 VD 0 = 0.7 V
iC1 = 1iB1 = 100 3.40 10 6 = 0.340 mA
CE1 - KVL : 10 = 4.7 103 iC1 + vCE1 + vBE 2 vCE1 = 7.70 V
vCE1 = 7.70 V > VD 0 = 0.7 V Assumption correct
F. Najmabadi, ECE65, Winter 2012

Exercise 5 (contd): Find iC2 (Si BJTs with 1 = 100 and 2 = 50 ).

BE1 + BE2 - KVL : 3 = 470 103 iB1 + vBE1 + vBE 2
CE1 - KVL :

10 = 4.7 103 iC1 + vCE1 + vBE 2

CE2 - KVL :

10 = 470 iC 2 + vCE 2

Darlington Pair :

iE1 = iB 2

From previous slide:

vBE1 = vBE 2 = 0.7 V

iB1 = 3.40 A
iC1 = 0.340 mA (Q1 active)
vCE1 = 7.70 V

iB 2 = iE1 = ( 1+ 1)iB1 = 0.343 mA

Assume Q2 Active : iC 2 = 2iB 2 and vCE 2 VD 0 = 0.7 V

iC 2 = 2iB 2 = 50 0.343 10 3 = 17.2 mA
CE2 - KVL : 10 = 470 iC 2 + vCE 2 vCE 2 = 1.94 V
vCE 2 = 1.94 V > VD 0 = 0.7 V Assumption correct
F. Najmabadi, ECE65, Winter 2012