PSB3340

Practice Exam 3
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the
statement or answers the question.
1) Stimulus-response learning involves the ability to
A) make an association between two stimuli.
B) learn to adjust behavior according to its consequences.
C) train a sensory system to detect accurately the location of a stimulus.
D) exhibit a specific behavior in the presence of a specific stimulus.
E) identify and categorize objects.
2) The perforant pathway
A) is the major output of the hippocampus.
B) is another name for the fornix.
C) interconnects the entorhinal cortex with the granule cells of the dentate gyrus.
D) interconnects the CA1 and CA3 fields of the hippocampus.
E) interconnects the granule cells of the dentate gyrus with the amygdala.
3) Simple perceptual learning involves
A) the recognition of particular stimuli or categories of stimuli.
B) the ability to associate a new stimulus with an old reflex.
C) changes in the outputs of the motor system.
D) learning how to respond to a particular stimulus.
E) the capacity to associate sensory and motor stimuli.
4) The dorsal stream of visual association cortex continues into the posterior parietal cortx and carries
information relating to ________ .
A) object location
B) object recognition
C) object shape
D) object density
E) object color
5) Instrumental conditioning involves strengthening connections between
A) the dorsal and ventral streams.
B) a neutral stimulus and a stimulus that produces a reflexive response.
C) two stimuli.
D) the lateral and central nuclei of the amygdala.
E) circuits that detect a stimulus and motor control circuits that produce a response.
6) The most profound symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is
A) total amnesia.
B) auditory and visual hallucinations.
C) delirium tremens.
D) combative behavior
E) anterograde amnesia.
7) ________ is the process by which immediate memories are transformed into long-term memories.
A) Synaptogenesis
B) Consolidation
C) Hebbian reverberation
D) Confabulation
E) Potentiation

8) People with anterograde amnesia are deficient in

A) nondeclarative memory.
B) declarative memory.
C) short-term memory.
D) procedural memory.
E) motor memory.
9) Damage to which of the following brain areas disrupts spatial learning?
A) the frontal cortex
B) the amygdala
C) the neocortex
D) the hippocampus
E) the anterior commissure
10) A person who unintentionally reports a memory of an event that did not take place is said to show
A) confabulation.
B) consolidation.
C) semantic apraxia.
D) the Coolidge effect.
E) semantic amnesia.
11) Much of our knowledge about the physiology of language has been obtained by studying
A) non-human primates.
B) changes in verbal behavior after consumption of drugs such as alcohol.
C) patients with brain tumors.
D) people who have suffered cerebrovascular accidents or strokes.
E) blood flow to language areas in intact, normal people while they are talking.
12) A person with damage to the right hemisphere would have the most difficulty in
A) reading complex written instructions.
B) moving the right hand.
C) spelling technical words.
D) understanding the emotional content of a speech.
E) producing speech.
13) People who have Broca's aphasia
A) seem unaware of their difficulties.
B) can pronounce words correctly, but slowly.
C) have difficulty comprehending word order.
D) have sustained damage to the right frontal lobe.
E) produce fluent, but meaningless speech.
14) Damage to which of the following areas causes transcortical sensory aphasia?
A) the posterior language area
B) prefrontal cortex
C) the primary auditory cortex
D) Broca's area
E) Wernicke's area
15) Dyslexia refers to
A) poor penmanship.
B) an inability to communicate via sign language.
C) word blindness.
D) faulty reading.
E) a speech impediment.

16) All of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia EXCEPT

A) difficulty in communicating via language.
B) thought disorder.
C) auditory hallucinations.
D) visual hallucinations.
E) social withdrawal.
17) All of the following statements about the genetic basis of schizophrenia are true EXCEPT
A) the concordance rate for schizophrenia is higher for monozygotic than dizygotic twins.
B) a person with a "schizophrenia gene" will always develop schizophrenia.
C) adoption studies indicate a biological basis for schizophrenia.
D) genes impart a susceptibility to develop schizophrenia.
E) several genes may be involved in schizophrenia.
18) Which of the following is true of clozapine (CL)?
A) CL is less likely than chlorpromazine to produce tardive dyskinesia.
B) CL is a typical antipsychotic medication.
C) CL blocks D2 receptors in the basal ganglia.
D) CL may be effective in treating patients who were refractory to older drugs.
E) B and D are correct.
19) Episodes of depression are characterized by
A) strong feelings of guilt.
B) suicidal thoughts.
C) weeping.
D) extreme sadness.
E) All of the above are correct.
20) The mood disorder characterized by depression, lethargy, sleep disturbances, craving for
carbohydrates, and weight gain during the winter months is called
A) the winter blahs.
B) zeitgeber-induced depression.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) anorexia nervosa.
E) seasonal affective disorder.
21) Which of the following is NOT a type of compulsion?
A) counting
B) avoidance
C) cleaning
D) hallucinations
E) checking
22) Which of the following represents a genetically-controlled factor that results in autism?
A) an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine
B) an enzyme that directly controls the formation of myelin in the brain
C) overproduction of cerebro-spinal fluid
D) deficiency in glutamate production
E) an enzyme that converts dopamine into norepinephrine
23) Difficulty in concentrating, remaining still, and working on a task are the key characteristics of
A) autism.
B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
C) phenylketonuria.
D) tuberous sclerosis.
E) psychostimulant abuse.

24) All of the following occur during a stress response EXCEPT

A) the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is activated.
B) glucose is made available for energy, due to the effects of epinephrine.
C) an increased output of the heart increases blood flow to the muscles.
D) norepinephrine is released as a neurotransmitter in the brain.
E) the adrenal gland releases steroid hormones.
25) Which of the following is true of withdrawal symptoms?
A) Withdrawal can be seen in the absence of tolerance.
B) Withdrawal symptoms are less intense versions of the normal effects of a drug.
C) Withdrawal symptoms are usually the opposite of the effects of the drug.
D) Withdrawal symptoms are not an indicator of physical tolerance.
E) All of the above are correct.
26) Which substance below enhances dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens?
A) PCP
B) alcohol
C) amphetamine
D) cocaine
E) All of the above are correct.
27) Opiate receptors in the ________ are responsible for the analgesia caused by opiate drugs.
A) periaqueductal gray
B) nucleus accumbens
C) ventral segmental area
D) preoptic area
E) mesencephalic reticular formation
28) The reinforcing actions of nicotine are on ________ cells within the ________.
A) glutamate; VTA
B) dopamine; VTA
C) dopamine; lateral hypothalamus
D) norepinephrine; nucleus accumbens
E) dopamine; nucleus accumbens
29) Which drug are people most likely to experience during their lifetime?
A) heroin
B) crack cocaine
C) LSD
D) morphine
E) alcohol
TRUE/FALSE. Bubble "A" for True, "B" for False.
30) Stress does not contribute to drug use and abuse.
31) Serotonin reuptake inhibitors decrease the likelihood of panic attacks.
32) CA1 pyramidal neurons form the primary output of the hippocampus.
33) Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by involuntary movements of the face and neck.
34) Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by fluent, meaningless speech.
35) Motor learning is an example of a declarative memory.

ESSAY. Only answer two (2) of the following essay questions. Write your
answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
36) Compare and contrast panic disorder with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with regard to
symptoms, heritability, and brain activation.
37) Compare and contrast positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and explain why these are
thought to involve distinct mechanisms.
38) Compare the memory problems that occur in anterograde amnesia with those of retrograde amnesia.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the
statement or answers the question.
1) B, D
2) C
3) A
4) A
5) E
6) E
7) B
8) B
9) D
10) A
11) D
12) D
13) C
14) A
15) D
16) E
17) B
18) A
19) E
20) E
21) D
22) A
23) B
24) A
25) C
26) E
27) A

28) B
29) E
TRUE/FALSE. Bubble "A" for True, "B" for False.
30) FALSE
31) TRUE
32) TRUE
33) TRUE
34) TRUE
35) FALSE
ESSAY. Only answer two (2) of the following essay questions. Write your
answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
36) Panic attack involves episodes of intense anxiety such that the person is incapacitated by the attack.
OCD involves persistent uncontrollable thoughts and uncontrollable motor behaviors (compulsions). Each
disorder is highly heritable as evidenced by a high concordance value for identical twins, relative to
fraternal twins. Panic attacks result in reduced activation of the frontal cortex whereas OCD is associated
with an increased activity of the frontal cortex and caudate nucleus.
37) Positive symptoms represent additions to normal behaviors. Hallucinations are perceptions that occur
in the absence of a sensory stimulus. Delusions are incorrect beliefs that are resistant to change. Negative
symptoms are represented by behaviors that are missing -- such as poverty of speech or flattened emotional
response. Overactivity of the dopamine system is thought to play a key role in the production of positive
symptoms. Antipsychotic drugs block dopamine receptors (D4) and stimulation of dopamine results in
positive symptoms. Negative symptoms are also seen after brain trauma, and it appears that
degeneration/loss of brain neurons occurs in schizophrenia.
38) Anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to recall events or information experienced after a trauma to
the brain. The person is conscious after the trauma, but is unable to store memories for events after the
trauma. In contrast, retrograde amnesia refers to the inability to recall events that occurred PRIOR to the
trauma. Typically, events near the trauma are more likely to be lost than are remote events.