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Heat Transfer
Energy in transit; e.g. toasting bread,
heating water, heat treatment of steel,
dissipating waste heat from a power plant, etc.
Modes of HT Cont.
Modes of HT Cont.
Conduction as primary mode of HT in fluids
Random motion of molecules causing collisions both in
liquids and gases
Modes of HT Cont.
Modes of HT Cont.
Stefan-Boltzmann Law
Heat emitted by an ideal radiator is
proportional to the fourth power of its
absolute temperature i.e.
qr = AT4
Where is Stefan-Boltzmann constant; = 5.67 10-8 w/m2.K4
qr = A11(T 1-T 2)
4
qr = A1F121(T 1-T 2)
4
Let
dx, dy, dz = thickness along x, y, & z axes of a unit volume.
The energy balance for unsteady state conditions along with
heat source yields:
qin + qgen qout = rate of change of I. E.
T
(1)
t
(qx )dx
x
T
(qx )dx (q y )dy (qz )dz qV Vc
(2)
x
y
z
t
T
T
( KA )dx ( KA )dy ( KA )dz qV Vc
(3)
x
x
y
y
z
z
t
T T T q 1 T
2 2
(4)
2
x
y
z
K t
2
2T 2T 2T q
2 2 0 (i)
2
x
y
z
K
Transient, no heat generation (called the diffusion equation)
2T 2T 2T 1 T
2 2
(ii )
2
x
y
z
t
Steady-state, no heat generation (called the Laplace equation)
2T 2T 2T
2 2 0 (iii )
2
x
y
z
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