11E501 ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN

3 0 0 3.0
Objectives
To provide sound knowledge about constructional details and design of various electrical
machines.
To study MMF calculation and thermal rating of various types of electrical machines.
To design armature and field systems for D.C. machines.
To design core, yoke, windings and cooling systems of transformers
To design stator and rotor of induction and synchronous machines.
Program Outcomes
(c) The graduates will be able to understand and design Electrical and Electronics systems
and conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data.
(d) The graduates will demonstrate skills to use modern Engineering tools, software and
equipments to analyze problems.
Skill Set
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Determine the main dimensions of DC machine, transformer, induction and synchronous

machines
Demonstrate
the response of current and potential transformer
Diagnose the cause of faulty choke design
Design of DC machines
Design of transformer
Design of induction machines
Design of synchronous machines

Assessment Pattern
S.
No.
1
2
3
4
5

Remember
Understand
Apply
Analyze / Evaluate
Create
Total

Test I

Test II

Model

Examination

Semester End
Examination

10
20
30
40
100

10
20
30
40
100

10
20
30
40
100

10
20
30
40
100

Remember
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

State the various types of leakage fluxes.

List the methods used for estimating the mmf for tapered teeth.
What is equalizer connection?
List the different methods of cooling of transformers.
Give sketches for different types of rotor slots.
What happens if the air-gap of an induction motor is doubled?
State three important features of turbo alternator rotors.
Define Short Circuit Ratio (SCR).
Write an equation for total per phase reactance of 2n units of sandwich coils.
Write an equation for total per phase reactance of a transformer having group windings
referred to primary side.
11. Mention four assumptions in the calculation of leakage reactance of core type transformer.

The marks secured in Test I and II will be converted 20 and Model Examination will be
converted to 20. The remaining 10 marks will be calculated based on assignments.
Accordingly internal assessment will be calculated for 50 marks

12. Give an expression for total specific slot permeance for semi closed parallel sided slot
having single layer winding.
13. Mention the factors on which the slot leakage permeance depends.
14. State the various types of leakage fluxes.
15. Define specific permeance.
16. What are the effects of leakage flux in D.C. and A.C. machines?
17. What is leakage coefficient?
18. What do you understand by Real and Apparent flux density?
19. Mention the methods used for calculation of mmf for tapered teeth.
Understand
1. How will you calculate air gap mmf in the case of salient pole machines?
2. How does leakage flux affect the performance of machine?
3. How the calculation of mmf for teeth does is difficult?
4. Explain how the yoke area is halved if the number of poles are doubled.
5. Explain how the length of commutator is affected by changing the number of poles.
6. Explain how the mmf for air gap is increased because of presence of slots.
7. What is meant by Carters coefficient?
8. How the calculation of air gap mmf does is complicated?
9. How does magnetic circuit differ from electric circuit?
10. Sketch the diagram to show pole proportions.
11. How is specific magnetic loading determined?
12. Draw commonly used sketches to represent shape of stator slots.
13. Draw a neat sketch of semi enclosed stator slot showing all dimensions.14. How will you fix the minimum width of a stator tooth?
15. Why circular coils are preferred?
16. Draw and mark dimensions of a cruciform core.
17. Draw a neat sketch showing stator lamination.
18. List out the factors that affect the length of air gap.
19. Explain clearly the effect of air gap length on power factor.
20. Explain clearly the effect of length of air gap on overload capacity.
21. Why high values of current density are preferred in armature conductors?
Apply
1. Determine the apparent flux density in the teeth of a D.C. machine when the real flux density is
2
2.1 Wb/m , slot pitch = 28 mm, slot width = 10 mm and the gross core length = 0.35 m. The
number of ventilating ducts = 4, each 10 mm wide. The magnetizing force for a flux density of
2
2.15 Wb/m is 55000 A/m. The iron stacking factor is 0.9.
2. Draw the winding diagram in the developed form for a 4 pole, 12 slots, simplex lap
connected D.C. generator with commutator having 12 segments. Indicate the positions of brushes.
3. Determine the shunt field winding of a 6-pole, 440V, DC generator allowing a drop of 15 %
in the regulator. The following design data are available, mmf per pole = 7200 AT; mean length of
turn = 1.2 m; winding depth = 3.5 cm; watts per sq.cm. of cooling surface = 650. Calculate the
inner, outer and end surfaces of the cylindrical field coil for cooling. Take diameter of the insulated
wire to be 0.4 mm greater than the bare wire. Assume 2 /cm as the resistivity of copper at the
working temperature.
4. Design a suitable cooling tank with cooling tubes for a 500 kVA, 6600/440 V, 50 Hz, 3
transformer with the following data: Dimensions of transformer are 100 cm height, 96 cm length
and 47 cm breadth. Total losses = 7 kW. Allowable temperature rise for tank walls is 35C. 5
cm diameter tube are to be used. Determine the number of tubes required and their possible

arrangement.
5. Design an iron cored choke to be connected across a 230 V,50 Hz supply and to carry a current of 4
A.
6. Determine the approximate diameter and length of the stator core, the number of stator slots
and the number of conductors for a 11 kW, 400 V, 3, 4 pole, 1425 rpm delta connected Induction
2
motor. Adopt a specific magnetic loading of 0.45 Wb/m and a specific electric loading of 23,000
A/m. Assume full load efficiency and power factor as 0.85 and 0.88 respectively. The ratio of core
length to pole pitch is 1. The stator employs a double layer winding.
7. A 500 MW, 3 phase, 2 pole, 50 Hz direct water cooled generator has a diameter of 1.3m and a core
length of 5.9 m. The number of turns per phase is 11 and there are two parallel circuits per phase.
2
The average gap density is 0.575 Wb/m and the winding factor is 0.92.
8. Determine the terminal voltage of the machine. Find also the specific electric loading if the power
factor is 0.85. If the mmf required for air gap is 80% of no load mmf, short circuit ratio 0.55, air
gap contraction factor 1.1, determine the length of air gap.
9. A 3000 kVA, 3 phase, 6600V, salient pole alternator has the following data: stator bore = 3.2
m; core length = 0.44m; number of poles = 32; ampere conductors per metre = 34000 A/m; ratio,
2
pole core to pole pitch = 0.74; stator slot pitch = 32 mm; current density in damper bars = 3A/mm .
Design a suitable damper winding for the machine.
Analyze / Evaluate
1. Formulate the relation between Length and Diameter
2. Formulate the relationship between machine size and output power
Create
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Design the DC machine, Transformer, Induction motor and synchronous machine using CAD tools
Draw the winding diagram of fan.
Draw the winding diagram of 1 induction motor.
Design and draw the winding diagram of slip ring induction motor.
Design and draw the windings table of no volt coil (NVC) of DOL starter.

Unit I
Introduction
Major Considerations Limitations MMF Calculation of various types of Electrical Machines Net length
of Iron real and apparent flux density of Rotating Machines Temperature Gradient Heat flow in two
dimensions Thermal resistivity of winding Temperature gradient in conductors placed in Slots
Thermal rating - Direct and Indir ect coolin g methods - Basic concepts of Computer Aided Design.
Temperature gradient in conductors placed in Slots
Unit II
9 Hours
DC machines
Design of Rotating Machines D.C Machines output equations Main Dimensions - Choice of Specific
Loadings Selection of number of Poles Armature Design Design of Field Poles & Field Coils - Design
of Commutator and Brushes.
Design of DC Machines commutator and brushes
Unit III
9
Transformers
Hours
KVA output for single and three phase transformers Window space factor Overall dimensions
Temperature rise of Transformers Design of Tank with & without cooling tubes Optimum design of
transformers Design of chokes Design of CTs & PTs.

Temperature rise of Transformers

Unit IV
9
Induction Motors
Hours
Magnetic leakage calculations Leakage reactance of polyphase Machines- Magnetizing Current
Output equation of Induction Motor Main dimensions Length of air gap- Rules for selecting
rotor slots of Squirrel Cage Machines Design of Rotor bars & slots Design of End Rings Design
of Wound Rotor - Relation between D & L for best Power Factor.
Relation between D & L for best power factor
Unit V
9 Hours
Synchronous machines
Runaway speed output equations choice of loadings Design of salient pole machines Short
circuit ratio shape of pole face Armature design Armature parameters Estimation of air gap length
Design of rotor Design of damper winding Determination of full load field mmf Design of field
winding Design of turbo alternators Rotor design.
Design of rotor in turbo alternators
9 Hours
Total: 45
Hours
Textbook
1. A.K. Sawhney, A Course in Electrical Machine Design, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi, 2010.
References
1. S.K.Sen, Principles of Electrical Machine Designs with Computer Programmes, Oxford
and IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2006
2. R.K. Agarwal, Principles of Electrical Machine Design, Kataria S K and Sons, New Delhi, 2010
3. V.N. Mittle V N and Mittle A, Design of Electrical Machines, Standard Publications
and Distributors, New Delhi, 2009