CAM

Presentation 2: Milling
machine
Cutter compensations
Canned cycles
Pocket milling

G40 Cutter radius Compensation Cancel The commands G40 deactivate the cutter
radius compensation.
G41 Cutter radius Compensation Left The command G41 activate tool radius
compensation left, i.e., the cutter stays to the left of the programmed path
G42 Cutter radius Compensation Right The command G42 activate tool radius
compensation right, the cutter stays to the left of the programmed path
Absence of these commands leads to
inaccurate machining. The application of
cutter radius compensation also depends
upon type of milling operation being carried
out (Refer to figure shown here)

Canned Cycles To simplify programming, the canned cycle command can execute the
specific operation using one G code, instead of several separated G code commands in
the program. In Fanuc controller, The G codes from G73 to G89 are reserved for
various canned cycles. It may be drilling, boring, tapping etc.

Refer to examples given during

lecture for part programming

G81 Drilling cycle (Fanuc) Format

G98 or G99 G81 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ K_ F;
X Y Hole position data
Z Z-depth (Depth of drilling)
R Z coordinates of R point
Q Depth of cut for each cutting feed (depth of each peck)
F Cutting feedrate
K Number of repeats (if required) or Number of drill positions
Once G81 drilling cycle is defined, the canned cycle is repeated at every X-Y position
in sequential blocks. So G81 drilling cycle must be cancelled with G80.
G98 G99 Modes
After completing drilling depth the return is made with Rapid feed, the return height
can be controlled through using G98 or G99.
G98 Drill will return to the Initial level
G99 Drill will return to R-plane.
Example
N50 M03 S1200
N60 G90 G00 X20 Y30 Z10
N70 G99 G81 X20 Y30 Z-8 R1 F60 K1

G82 Drilling Cycle Format

G98 or G99 G82 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_ F_ K_ ;
X Y Hole position data
Z Depth of drilling or Z-depth
R Z coordinates of R point
P Dwell time at the bottom of the drilling
F Cutting feedrate
K-Number of cycle repetitions or Number of drill positions
*G82 drilling cycle with dwell can be used for normal drilling where bottom of the
hole need more accurate machining. Otherwise if you just want a drilling cycle
without a dwell time at the bottom of the hole G81 drilling cycle is a big time saver.
G83 Peck Drilling Cycle Format
G98 or G99 G83 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_ F_ K_ ;
X Y Hole position data
Z Z-depth (feed to Z-depth starting from R
plane)
R Position of the R plane
Q Depth of cut for each cutting feed (depth
of each peck)
F Cutting feedrate
K Number of repeats (if required)

Example
N50 M03 S1200
N60 G91 G00 X20 Y30 Z5
N70 G99 G83 X20 Y30 Z-10 R1 Q1 F80
K1
N80 G80

G73 High Speed Peck Drilling Cycle Format

G98 or G99 G73 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_ P_F_ K_ ;
X Y Hole position data
Z Z-depth
R Z coordinates of R point
Q Depth of cut for each cutting feed (depth of each peck)
P Dwell time at the bottom of the drilling
F Cutting feedrate
K Number of repeats (if required)
Fanuc G73 High Speed Peck Drilling cycle performs highspeed peck drilling. It performs
intermittent cutting feed to the bottom of a hole while removing chips from the hole
G85 Boring cycle with feed retraction Format
G98 or G99 G85 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_ K_ ;
X Y Hole position data
Z Z-depth
R Z coordinates of R point
F Cutting feedrate
K Number of boring positions
G86 command is used to increase diameter of the previous drilling.

G88 Manual Back Boring cycle

G98 or G99 G88 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_F_ K_ ;
X Y Hole position data
Z Z-depth
R Z coordinates of R point
P Dwell time at the bottom of the hole
F Cutting feedrate
K Number of repeats (if required)
G88 command can be used to bore a hole precisely.
G84 Tapping Cycle Format
G98 or G99 G84 _ X _ Y _ Z _ R _ P _ F _ K _
X Y Hole position data
Z Z-depth
R Z coordinates of R point
P Dwell time at the bottom of the hole
F Thread lead
K Number of tapping positions (optional)

Example 1: Use of drilling cycles

Drilling cycle with Coordinate

rotation using G68.
G69 to cancel coordinate rotation
Also, Write a sub program which contains fixed sequences or frequently repeated
patterns, in order to simplify the main program

Example 2: Use of canned cycles in drilling

Example 3: Drilling and Tapping

Pocket milling has been regarded as one of the most widely used operations
in machining. In pocket milling the material inside an arbitrarily closed boundary on a
flat surface of a work piece is removed to a fixed depth. Generally flat bottom end mills
are used for pocket milling. Firstly roughing operation is done to remove the bulk of
material and then the pocket is finished by a finish end mill.

Circular Pocket Milling Cycle Format

G170 P_ Q_ R_ X_ Y_ Z_ I_ J_ K_
G171 P_ S_ R_ F_ B_ J_
P0 - ROUGHING OPERATION
P1 - FINISHING OPERATION
Q - DEPTH OF CUT FOR EACH PASS
R - REFERENCE POINT
X - POSITION OF TOOL IN X AXIS
Y - POSITION OF TOOL IN Y AXIS
Z - TOTAL DEPTH
I - SIDE FINISHING ALLOWENCE
J - BASE FINISHING ALLOWENCE
K - RADIUS OF THE POCKET

P - CUTTER MOVEMENT IN %, i.e., 50% OF

THE CUTTER Dia.
S - ROUHING OPERATION SPINDLE SPEED
R - ROUGHING OPERATION FEED IN Z AXIS
F - ROUGHING OPERATION FEED IN X & Y
AXES
B - FINISHING OPERATION SPINDLE SPEED
J - FINISHING OPERATION FEED IN X, Y & Z
AXES

Example
Billet size
90 x 90 x 10
Workpiece material
Steel
Operation
Circular Pocket Milling
Tool Type
Slot Drill Cutter,6 mm
dia.
Tool position in ATC
Tool 1
Tool offsets
Manually set on machine
Spindle Speed
1500 r.p.m.
Feed
100 mm/min

Rectangular Pocket Milling Cycle Format

G172 P_ Q_ R_ X_ Y_ Z_ I_ J_ K_
G173 I_ K_ P_ S_ T_ R_ F_ B_ J_ Z_

P0 - ROUGHING OPERATION
P1 - FINISHING OPERATION
Q - DEPTH OF CUT FOR EACH PASS
R - REFERENCE POINT
X - RECTANGULAR POCKET X AXIS LEFT
CORNER
Y - RECTANGULAR POCKET Y AXIS LEFT
CORNER
Z - TOTAL DEPTH
I - TOTAL LENGTH IN X AXIS
J - TOTAL LENGTH IN Y AXIS
K - CORNER RADIUS OF THE POCKET

I-SIDE FINISHING ALLOWENCE

K- BASE FINISHING ALLOWENCE
P - CUTTER MOVEMENT IN %, i.e., 50% OF
THE CUTTER Dia.
S - ROUHING OPERATION SPINDLE SPEED
T- Tool number
R - ROUGHING OPERATION FEED IN Z AXIS
F - ROUGHING OPERATION FEED IN X & Y
AXES
B - FINISHING OPERATION SPINDLE SPEED
J - FINISHING OPERATION FEED IN X, Y & Z
AXES
Z- SAFETY POSITION

Example
Billet size
90 x 90 x 10
Workpiece material
Steel
Operation
Circular Pocket Milling
Tool Type
Slot Drill Cutter,6 mm
dia.
Tool position in ATC
Tool 1
Tool offsets
Manually set on machine
Spindle Speed
1500 r.p.m.
Feed
100 mm/min

MIRROR

The mirroring command is used when features of components shares symmetry about
one or more axes and are also dimensionally identical. By using this code components
can be machined using a single set of data and length of programs can be reduced.
M70 = X Mirror ON
M71 = Y Mirror ON
M80 = X Mirror OFF
M81 = Y Mirror OFF
*The workpiece zero position should be at the origin for mirror command

Example
Write a manual part program for Mirroring Operation for the component
Billet size
90 x 90 x 10 mm
Workpiece material
Steel
Operation
Mirroring a rectangular
pocket
Tool Type
Slot Drill Cutter,6 mm
dia.
Tool position in ATC
Tool 1
Tool offsets
Manually set on machine
Spindle Speed
1500 r.p.m.
Feed
100 mm/min
Depth of cut
1mm

(Main Program)

(Sub Program)

G21 G94
G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
M06 T1
M03 S1500
M98 P2244
M70
M98 P2244
M80
M71
M98 P2244
M81
M70
M71
M98 P2244
M80
M81
G00 Z5
G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
M05 M30

O2244
G90 G00 X15 Y15 Z5
G01 Z-1 F100
G01 X15 Y25
G01 X25 Y25
G01 X25 Y15
G01 X15 Y15
G00 Z5
G00 X0 Y0
M99

Mirror Example

Note: in simulation use G60 and G71 in place of M70 and M71, respectively.