Asterisk

(. Asterisk)
() ; 1999
, Digium - ,


(. PSTN, Public Switched
Telephone Network) IP- (. VoIP, Voice over IP)
*
,
GNU General Public License (GPL)

(.proprietary software license),
,

Linux
,

NetBSD, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, Mac OS X, and Solaris. Microsoft
Windows-
AsteriskWin32:
-

, (. conference calling),
( , . IVR)


,
C-
Asterisk Gateway Interface (AGI)-
,
(. standard
streams system (stdin and stdout)) TCP

PCI ,
, T1 E1 ,

,
[2] IP- ,
SIP, MGCP H.323
SIP ,
, IP
.
Inter-Asterisk
eXchange (IAX2), - VoIP


IAX2
VoIP ,

,

-
;
( , ,


)
VoIP ,
,
IAX2 SIP
,

- ,
[3]
VoIP ,
-
ISDN SS7. ,
,

, DAHDI(Zaptel), Libpri, Libss7, chanss7, wanpipe
,

" " ,
,
,

TrixBox Elastix.
LinuxMCE
/


/,
, /
VoIP, TDM,

 ,
,
,



, -

,


, extensions.conf,


, ,
, ,


,
( )
, ""
( ) (. script)
,


,
,



,
,

,


,
(app_dial),
(app_meetme), (app_voicemail).


,


,

(. API)

,
Asterisk Gateway Interface. Asterisk Gateway Interface
(AGI)- ,
-
,

pipes- ,

CGI
standard streams, stdin stdout-


() (. Graphical user interface (GUI))
,

1.8- , Asterisk-GUI
- Digium- .
-

FreePBX trixbox ( Asterisk at home (A@H))

FreePBX PBX in a Flash (PIAF)

AsteriskNow ,
FreePBX
"off-the-shelf" ,


AsteriskNow-
,
, ,
,