This section applies to members subject to simple bending. shout one principal axis. For simple bending, the member is loaded in a plane parallel to a principal axis that passes Uhrough the shear center or is estrained against twisting at Joad points and supports ‘The section is organized as follows: 506.1 General Provisions 5062 Doubiy Symmetric Compact F-Shaped Members and Channels Bent about Their Major Axis 506.3 Doubly ‘Symmetric I-Shaped Members with Compact Webs and Non-compact or Slender Flanges Beat about Their Major Axis 5064 Other Shaped Members with Compact or Noncompact Webs Bent about Their Major Axis 506.5 Doubly Symmettic and Singly Symmettie I Shaped Members with Siender Webs Bent about Their Major Axis 5066 L-Shaped Members and Channels Bent about ‘Their Minor Axis 506.7 Square and Rectangular HSS and Box-Shaped Members 506.8 Round HSS 506.9 Tees and Double Angles Loaded in the Plane of Symmetry 506.10 Single Angles 506.11 Rectangular Bars and Rounds 506.12. Unsymmetrieal Shapes 506.13. Proportions of Beams and Girders User Note: For members not included in this section the folls wing sobténs apply: ‘508.1-$08.3 Members subject to biaxial fexure orto ‘combined flexure and axial force. 508.4 “Members subject to flexure and torsion, ‘Appendix-A-3 Members subjetw faligue! Section $07 Detign provisions for shear, For gitidance in determining the appropiate sections ofthis section to apply, Table User Note 506.1.1 may be used. 506.1 General Provisi ‘The design flexural strength, Mf, and the allowable flexural strength, My/Qy,shall be determined as follows 1. Forall provisions ia this Section % =090(LRFD} 9, =1.67{ASD. nd Meas $69 CHAPTER 5. Steet nd the nominal exural strength, MA, shall be determined ‘necording fo Sections 5062 through $06, 12 2. The provisions in this Section are based on the assumption that points of support for beams and girders ‘we restrained against rotation sbout thei longitudinal ‘The following terms are common to the equations in this Section except where noted = hateral-orsional buckling. modification factor for nonuniform moment diagrams when both ends of the unsupported segment are braced 125M, fatty S20 (506.11) 2g cHM, +4 3g : were Mam = absolute value of maximum moment in the traced segment, Nem, My = absolute value of moment a quarter point of the unbraced segment, Noman My = absolute value of moment st centerline of the Unbraced segment, Nem. ‘Me = absolute value of moment st three-quarter Point ofthe unbraced segment, N-rim Pe oss-section monosymmetry parameter ©, doubly symmetric mennbers 0, singly symmetric members subjected to single curvatuee bending 542), singly symmetric member UG, subjected to reverse curvature bending ‘+= moment of inertia about the principal y-axis, ‘= moment of inertia about y-axis referred to the compression flange, of if reverse. curvature bending, refered tothe smaller ange, i" In singly symmettic members subjected 0 reverse ecurvature bending, the lateral-torsional buckling strength shall be checked for both flanges: The available flexural strength shall be greater than or equal to the maximum required momeat causing compression within the flange under consideration Cis Permitted to be conservatively taken as 1.0 for all cases, For cantilevers or overhangs where the free end is unbraced, Ci = 10, ‘National Structural Code ofthe Philippines 6" Eiliion Volume 1554 CHAPTER 5 - Stoel and Metals F i ae ange Web Lint oe | seniomess | stendones | Sats a so. ape c yam j 06.3 Nes ure | soe. £ ewne,s cnc | ¥.t18, Ftp. try 506 3 cues s soos | exes NA Yr $061 ces enc Y.Pup, Wi 506.8 NA NA yin | 5089 Nes NA Y.L1D, FL 506.10 NA NA YTD, 506.11 NIA NIA Y, LTB | _ : | 506.12 Unsymmetical shapes NIA NA ‘Ait states Y = yielding, LTB ~ eral-osiona bucking. FLB = ange local buckling, WLB = web local bicling,TFY = tension Mange yielding LL = leg local buckling, LB local buckling, = compact, Res noncompact $= | Association of Structural Engineers of te PhilippinesUser Note: For doubly symmetric members with no transverse loading between brace points, Equation 506.1-1 reduces to 2.27 for the case of equal end moments of ‘opposite sign and to 1.67 when one end moment equals act L-Shaped Members Major Axis This section applies to doubly symmetric I-sltaped members sand channels bent about their major axis, having compact webs and compact flanges as defined in Scetion 502.4 User Note: All current ASTM A6 W, S, M,C and MC shapes except W21x48, W14x99, W14x90, WI2x65, W10x12, WEx31, W8xI0, W6x15, W6x9, W6x8.5, and Max6 have compact flanges for F; <345 MPa; all cusrent ASTM AGW, S,M, HP, C and MC shapes have compact webs at F ,<450 MPa ‘The nominal flexural strength, Ms, shall be the lower value obtained according to the limit states of yielding (plastic moment) and lateral-torsional buckling 506.2.1. Yielding MeeM ZF Zs (506.241) where Fs = specified minimum yield stress of the type of stee! being used, MPa. Zs —__=plastic section modulus about the x-axis, mm 06.2.2 Lateral-Torsional Buckling 1. When Ls < Ly the limit state of latera-torsional buckling does not apply. 2. When bp < Les be toy] Lo foo ° F £506.2-2) 3. When La > Le L fo “ (5064-2) My = Fa Sy SRM (5064.3) Association of Structural Engineers ofthe PhiippanesBS, (5064.4) uy e) (5064-5) 1, For 4. ¢ 0,23, J shall be taken as zero ‘The stress, Fi, is determined as follows For Se 207 (506.4-6a) Soh Fak St 205K, (506.460) ‘The limiting laterally unbraced length for the lent state of| yielding, Leis (5064-7) ‘The limiting unbraced fengtt forthe limit state of inelastic latera-torsional buckling, La, is (506.4.8) ‘The web plastfication factor, Rye.is determined as follows: a For Esty, be (506.4.9a) CHAPTERS Stool anc Meter 11S uh atic section modulus refered to tension and compression Nanges. respectively, mn ee iw = Ap, the limiting slenderness for a compact web, Table 502.4. 1 ir. the limiting Sendeeness for noncompact web, Table 302.41 ‘The effective radius of gyration ior lateral-torsionst buckling, "is determined as follows: 1 For shapes witha rectangular compression flange: (5064-10), where (506.4-11) compression flange width, mm ‘compression Mange thickness, mm by % 2. For I-shapes with channel caps or cover plates attached flange: y ——-& radius of gyration of the Mange components in fexural compression plus one-third of the web |. area in compression die to application of major axis bending moment alone, mm, the ratio’ of two times the web area in compression due (0 application of major axis bending moment alone to the area of ‘the compression flange components ‘User Note: For I-shapes with a rectangular compression flange, '** may be approximated accurately and conservatively as the radius of gyration of the compression flange plus one-third of the compression portion ofthe web; in other words, ression Flange Local Buckling 1, For sections with compact Manges, the limit slate of local buckling does not apply. 2. For sections with non compact flanges ‘National Structural Code of the Philipines 6" Eaton Volume 1558 CHAPTER 5. Stootand Metals, (506.412), 3. For scetions with slender Manges 098s ya (5064.13 where Thi = defined in Equations $064.64 and 506.466 Rye = the web pasication factor, determined by Equations 5064.9 ky whe and shall not be wie ‘greater than 0.76 for culation purposes A iy. / 2g) jy the limiting slendemess. for ® compact flange, Table 502.4.1 Jy = othe timiting slendemess for a noncompact ange, Table $02.4, 1 50644 Tension Flange Yielding 1, When Sy 2S,-the limit state of tension Mange yielding does nt apply. 2. When Sy M, CHAPTERS Stoeland Metal 5.61 | aefise-as0 fu, s150, (506.10:3) where ‘M,the clastic Iateraltorsional buckling moment, is determined as follows: 1. Forbending about one ofthe geometsc axes of an equal- Jeg angle with no lateral torsional buekling mom 4 With maximum compression at the toe YC, M, (506.1044) 2. With maximum tension tthe toe My, = 285864, [ '+0n{) el cy (506.1046) ‘4M, Shall be taken as 0.80 times the yield moment calculated using the geometric section modulus. User Note: M n may be taken as My for single angles with their vertical leg tin compression, and having a span-to- depth rato less than or equal t0 7 L648 () a E i o, |. For bending about one of the geometric axes of an equal-leg angle withlateal-orsional restraint at the point of maximum moment only ‘Mc shall be taken as 1.25 times M,computed using Equation $06.10-4a or 506.10-4b ‘M, shall be taken as the yield moment calculated using the seometcc section modulus, 2. For bending about the major principal axis of equl-leg angles: O68 'G, (506.105) ie 3. For bending about the major principal axis of unequal-leg angles: National Structural Code ofthe Philippines 6" Edition Volume 45.62 CHAPTERS. Steel and Metals cles joa (506.10-6) where Cy = computed using Equation 506.1-1 with a maximum value of 1.5. L laterally unbraced length of a member, mum k ‘minor principal axis moment of inertia, nmd. bn radius of gyration for the minor principal axis, = angle leg thickness, mm. a section property for unequal angles, postive for shor legs in compression and negative for Jong legs in compression. If the long Teg isin compression anywhere along the unbaced length ofthe member, the negative value of Biv shal be sed User Note: ‘The equation for 3w and values for common angle sizes are listed in the Commentary. 506.10.3 Leg Local Buckling ‘Tne limit state of leg local buckling applies when the toe of| the legis in compression, 1 For compact sections, the limit state of leg local buckling does not apply. 2. Forsections with non compact legs s243-i7f2) | 2 E| 606107) 3. For sections with slender lees My, = FS (506.10-8) where (606.109) o outside width of leg in compression, mm, clastic section medulus to the te in compression relative to the axis of bending, mm’. For bending about one of the geomettic axes of n equal-leg angle with no lateral-torsional restraint, Se shall be 0.80 of the geomettic axis section modulus. ‘506.11 Rectangular Bars and Rounds ‘This section applies to rectangular bars beat about either geometric axis and rounds. ‘The nominal flexural strength, Ms, shall be the lower value obtained according 10 the limit slates of yielding (plastic moment) and lateralorsional buckling as required, 506.11.1 Yielding axis, rectangular bars bent about their minor xis, and rounds: M,=M,=F,ZSL6M, (606.11-1) 506.11.2 Lateral-Torsional Buckling 1. Porrectangtar bars wits OSE Hs 12E pon about their major axis Jonah (506.11-2) Ind 19E. For rectangular bars with —5- > bent about their 2. For rectangs a? p, bent about major axis M, =E,S, $M, (506.11-3) ‘Associaton of Sttuctural Engineers ofthe Philippineswhere L9EG, Td (506.11-4) 1 = width of rectangular bar parallel to axis of ding, a depth of rectangular bar, i, mm, L length between points that are ether braved against lateral displacement of the compression region or ‘raced against twist of the cross section, in mm, 3. For rounds and rectangular bars bent about their minor ‘axis, the limit state of lateral-orsional buckling need not be considered 506.12 Unsymmetrical Shapes This section applies to all unsymmetrical shapes, except Single angles. ‘The nominal flexural sirength, Ms, shall be the lowest value obiained according to the limit states of yielding (yield moment), lateral-torsional buckling and local buckling, where M, = FS (506.12-1) where lowest elastic modulus relative tothe axis of bending, mm3, 506.121 Yielding. Rak (506.12-2) 506.12.2 Lateral-Torsi Eyal SE, (506.12-3) where Fe = buckling stress for the section as determined by analysis, MPa, 506.13 Proportions of Beams and Girders 506.13.1 Hole Reductions This section applies to rolled or built-up shapes, and cover: plated beams with holes, proportioned on the basis of ‘lexural strength ofthe gross section In addition to the limit states specified in other sections of this section, the nominal exural strength, M, shall be limited according to the limit stae of tensile rupture of the tension flange, 1. Fork, Ag 2Y%P,Ajg, the limit state of tensile rupture CHAPTERS Steoland Meta! 5.68 does not apply 2. Bor FyAg <¥,F,Aq, the nominal flexural strength, at A SHE Ag the location ofthe holes inthe tension Mange shall not be taken greater than (506.13-1) where Aj = gross tension flange area, calculated in aceardance with the provisions of Section 5043.1, mm2. Aw =net tension flange arc, calculated in accordance with the provisions of Section $04.3,2, mm2. ” .0 for F/F, < 0.80 1 otherwise 506.13.2 Proportioning Limits for 1 -Shaped Members Singly symmetric I- shaped members shall satisfy the following limit 1 ors s09 (506.13-2) y 1+ shaped members with stender webs shall also satisfy the following lms: 1. For 215 a (506.13-3) (506.13-4) clear distance between transverse slffeners, mm 1 exceed 260. The ratio oft ige area shall not exceed 10, In unstitfeed girders shat web area tothe compression 506.13.3 Cover Plates Flanges of welded beams or girders may be vatied in ‘hickness or width by splicing a series of plates or by the use of cover plates The total cross-sectional area of cover plates of bolted gitdets shall not exceed 70 percent ofthe total ange area, "National Structural Code ofthe Philippines 6" Edlion Volume 15.64 CHAPTER 5- Steel and Metals High-stength bols or welds connecting flange 10 web, oF cover plate to flange, shall be proportioned to resist the total horizontal shear resulting Grom the bending forces on the girder. The longitudinal distribution of these bolts oF intermittent welds shall be in proportion to the intensity of the shear. However, the longitedinl spacing shall not exceed the maximum permitted for compression or tension members in Section $05.6 or S044, respectively. Bolts or welds ‘connecting flange to web shall also be proporioned to transmit tothe web any loads applied directly to the flange, unless provision is made to transmit suct loads by direct Dearing. Panial-length cover plates shall be extended beyond the theoretical cutoff point and the extended portion shall be attached to the beam or gitder by high-strength bolts in a slip-critical connection orfillet welds. The attachment shall be adequate, atthe applicable strength given in Sections 5102.2, $510.38, of 302.39 to develop the cover plae's portion ofthe flexural stenglh inthe beam or pirder atthe theoretical cutoft poiat. For welded cover plates, the welds connecting the cover plate termination to the beam or girder shall have continuous ‘welds along both edges of the cover plate in the lengh a defined below, and shall be adequate to develop the cover plates portion of the strength of the beam or girder at the distance a’ from the end of the cover plate. |. When there is @ continuous weld equal to o larger than fourths ofthe plate thickness across the end ofthe (506.13-5) ith of cover plate, mm 2. When theres a continuous weld smaller than thre fous of the plate thickness across the end ofthe plate Sw (506.13-6) ‘When there is no weld across the end ofthe plate a'=2w (506.13-7) 506.13.4, Built-Up Beams ‘Where two or more beams or channels are used side-by-side to form a flexural member, they shall be connected together in compliance with Section 505.6.2, When concentrated Toads are carried from one beam to another, or disuibuted between the beams, diaphragms having sufficient sifness to distribute the Joad shall be welded or bolted betweca the beams. Association of Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines