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Professor Edna J. Calderon, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Biological Engineering and Materials Science Engineering, Mapa
Institute of Technology; 2Castro, Ethan Zachary G., Pasia, Abraham Paul L., Pulido, Froileth S., Rodriguez, Myron, CHM171L-A21, School of
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Biological Engineering and Materials Science Engineering, Mapa Institute of Technology
ABSTRACT
The experiment focuses on the chemical kinetics of the hydrolysis of the reaction that yields methyl acetate.
The rate of chemical reaction depends on many variables such as the presence of a catalyst, the
concentration of the reactants, and the temperature of the system. The experiment was done with three
separate procedures: the mixing of HCl and water, the addition of the made acidic solution to methyl
acetate and then recording the time, and lastly titrating the made solution after the addition to chilled water
with sodium hydroxide. The results show that the reaction is that of the second order by calculating the
best-fit line. The calculated activation energy and enthalpy change for the reaction was 4409.71 J/mole.
The calculated entropy of the reaction was -14.7976 J/mole. The chemical kinetics of the hydrolysis of
methyl acetate was successfully evaluated. The enthalpy and entropy change, as well as the activation
energy was also successfully quantified.
Keywords: Chemical Kinetics, Hydrolysis, Enthalpy, Activation Energy, Entropy
INTRODUCTION
Chemical kinetics is the branch of
chemistry dealing with the study of reaction rates:
that is, how fast or how slow chemical reactions
occur. The rate of a chemical reaction might
depend on several controllable variables, such as
the temperature under which the reaction is
occurring, the concentration of the reactants, the
presence of a catalyst, and others. One may be
able to optimize the chemical reaction rate by
appropriate choice of conditions. In addition, the
study of reaction rates will lead to an
understanding of the mechanisms on how the
reactions occur as well, which involves analyzing
the reaction by identifying a sequence of
elementary steps leading to the desired overall
reaction (Atkins & de Paula, 2006).
An understanding of chemical kinetics
begins with the knowledge of the rate laws of
reactions, otherwise known as rate equations.
Experiment 6 | Group 3 | December 5, 2016
r=k [ A ] [ B ]
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r=
d [ A ] d [ B ]
=
adt
adt
[ A]
[ A ]o
d[ A]
= akdt
[A] 0
aA products
ln [ A ] =ln [ A ]0akt
implying that plotting the natural logarithm of the
concentration of A against time will yield a linear
plot whose slope is equal to ak. An example of a
first order reaction is the decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas.
are
the
two
the
aA products
d [ A ]= akdt
[ A ]o
[ A ]o
d[ A]
2
[A]
= akdt
0
[ A ] =[ A ] oakt
suggesting that plotting the concentration of
reactant A against time will give a linear plot with
a slope of value equal to ak. A common
example is the reverse Haber process
2 N H 3 3 H 2 + N 2
On the other hand, first order reactions
are reactions whose rates depend on the
concentration of only one reactant (unimolecular
reactions). Other reactants may be present, but
each will be zero order. Considering the same
reaction as before, but now first order with
respect to A, the differential equation will be
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[ B ]0 [ A ]
1
ln
=kt
[ A ]0 [ B ]0 [ A ]0 [ B ]
k =k [ B ] 0
Experiment 6 | Group 3 | December 5, 2016
k =A e RT
where k is the rate constant of the reaction, A is
the frequency factor, or the Arrhenius constant,
Ea is the activation energy, R is the universal gas
constant and T is the absolute temperature
(Levine, 2009).
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
This experiment has three different part. On the
first part, the researchers need to prepare the
solution. Measure 50ml distilled water and 50ml
1.0M hydrochloric acid (HCl) then mixed them
together. Make sure to put the water first before
acid or else it will produce a very concentrated
acid if the acid is poured first before water. After
mixing the water and acid, add 10ml of methyl
acetate and start the timer. Wait for the timer to
reach 10mins then get 5ml aliquot of the solution
and add to the pre-chilled 50ml distilled water.
Titrate it with NaOH and record the volume. This
is done for two hours. The time interval for the
first hour is 10mins before getting 5ml aliquot to
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the solution and then 20mins interval for the next n Time,
min
hour.
mL
4.0
0.8
4.8
0.96
5.1
1.02
5.4
1.08
5.5
1.1
5.8
1.16
6.1
1.22
6.3
1.26
6.9
1.38
7.1
1.42
10
20
30
40
50
60
80
100
RESULTS
Table 6.1: Hydrolysis Rate
Determination at Room Temperature
and Lower Concentration of HCl.
120
CH3 Left,
M
0.762999
46
0.7579994
6
0.7561244
6
0.7542494
6
0.7536244
6
0.7517494
6
0.7498744
6
0.7486244
6
0.7448744
6
0.7436244
6
Estimat
ed
Reactio
n Time,
min
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
80
100
120
Volum
e of
NaOH,
mL
Concentra
tion of
CH3COOH,
M
Volum
e of
NaOH,
Concentra
tion of
CH3COOH,
Concentra
tion of
CH3COO
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Acid-dependent rate
constant at low [HCl]
Acid-dependent rate
constant at High [HCl]
Order of Reaction with
respect to [HCl]
Activation Energy
0.000416325 /min
Enthalpy of Reaction
Entropy of Reaction
0.00048301 /min
FIRST ORDER
4409.71037
J/mole
4409.71037
J/mole
-14.79768581
J/mole-K
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Ea
RT
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The
Ultraviolet-Visible
spectrophotometer was used successfully in the
process of obtaining the Ultraviolet-Visible
absorption spectrum of Co(NO 3)2 in the
experiment. Moreover, the optimum wavelength,
or the wavelength where the maximum
absorbance of the solution is obtained was also
pointed out in the process. After the plot was
drawn, analysis of the absolute maximum
revealed that maximum absorbance readings are
given at a wavelength of 510 nanometers, which
makes sense due to the fact that the color of the
solution is in the red to violet region, and colors
at these regions tend to absorb light with the
color of their complement: shades of green.
Another noteworthy achievement of the
experiment is the process of preparing a plot of
absorbance at the maximum wavelength against
the concentration of standard solutions of
Co(NO3)2 prepared, otherwise termed the Beers
Law plot. This linear plot was actually used to
gain knowledge of the concentration of the
analyte in an unknown sample by obtaining its
absorbance at the same wavelength and
substituting it to the linear relationship. This
yielded a concentration of 0.0148 M, 1.33%
different from the true value of 0.015 M.
b. Catanghal, Chris Vergel Y.
As a whole, the experiment was a success.
The researchers were able to determine the
relations of concentration and temperature to the
rate of reaction. This relation is stated in chemical
kinetics which is the study of reaction rates.
There are three objectives for this experiment.
Those three objectives are achieved by
conducting the experiment. The researchers
were able to evaluate the hydrolysis of methyl
acetate using chemical kinetics. The activation
energy was also determined using the relation
mentioned before. When this activation energy
was known then the enthalpy and entropy can
also be computed because the enthalpy is equal
Experiment 6 | Group 3 | December 5, 2016
References
1. Atkins, P., & de Paula, J. (2006).
Physical Chemistry, Eighth Edition. New
York City: W. H. Freeman and Company.
2. Chang, R., & Goldsby, K. (2011).
General Chemistry: The Essential
Concepts. New York City, United States
of America: McGraw-Hill.
3. Levine, I. N. (2009). Physical Chemistry,
Sixth Edition. New York City: McGrawHill.
e. Rodriguez, Myron
The phenomenon governed by Beers Law
was successfully observed. The relationship of
concentration with the absorbance has been
analyzed. As the concentration increases, the
Experiment 6 | Group 3 | December 5, 2016
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