Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Environmental Laws
to protect public health & the environment
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Health Impacts
Incidence of bronchitis among children in
MM is 11% (national average is 1%)
Incidence of COPD among jeepney
drivers is 32.5%, aircon bus drivers 16%,
commuters 14.8%
Incidence of PTB highest among jeepney
drivers at 17.5% compared to 9% for
commuters
Excess deaths
Chronic bronchitis
Respiratory symptoms
$ 432M*
low estimate since only 3 impacts were considered in health damage estimation
represents 2.5 to 6.1% of per capita incomes in MM, Baguio, Cebu and Davao
Enactment of RA
8749 (CAA)
CAA Publication
Effectivity of the
CAA
IRR approved as
DAO 2000-81
IRR publication
Effectivity of the IRR
Salient Features
The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
Designation of airsheds for a more effective and
systematic planning & coordination
(attainment or non-attainment for criteria
pollutants)
A multisectoral Governing Board shall be
created for each Airshed to formulate policies,
common action plan and coordinate functions
and actions
Adoption of the Emission Charge System
based on concept of polluters must pay
Salient Features
Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999
Fees, imposed as part of the emissions
permit or vehicle registration renewal
shall be collected from both stationary &
mobile sources
Establishment of an Air Quality
Management Fund to finance
containment or clean-up operations or
restorations/rehab activities, research
monitoring
Salient Features
Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999
Requirement for program & project to put up
Financial Guarantee Mechanisms for immediate
response, clean-up or rehabilitation of areas that may
be damaged
Air Quality Standards (Emission and Ambient) are
explicitly provided under the Act, subject to DENRs
review and revision
* Existing industries w/c could not comply w/ standards
are given 18 months grace period for the establishment
of an Environmental Management System
Salient Features
Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999
Privatization of the Motor Vehicle
Inspection, testing (PETCs) and repair
centers :
All Motor vehicles shall undergo emission testing
prior to renewal of registration
Vehicles which fail such tests shall be required to
undergo repair at the centers and be retested
Salient Features
Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999
Prohibition on incineration, defined as
the burning of municipal, biomedical and
hazardous wastes w/c process emits toxic
& poisonous fumes
Salient Features
Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999
Improvement of Fuels:
Elimination of lead in gasoline by Jan. 2001
All ULG should have aromatics content of 45% &
benzene content of 4% by Jan. 2001
All ULG should have aromatics content of 35% &
benzene content of 2% by Jan. 2003
Automotive diesel sulfur content: .2% by wt (Jan. 2001) &
.05% (Jan. 2004)
Industrial diesel sulfur content: .3% (Jan. 2001)
Salient Features
Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999
Provides for venue for citizen suit where
any citizen may:
File civil, criminal and administrative action
against any violator or public official who
neglects his performance
Open Burning:
A fine of not < P 10,000.00 but not > P
100,000.00; or
6 yrs. Imprisonment
2010
Mln. T/Yr.
% of total
Mln. T/Yr
% of total
2.45
23.0
3.14
22.3
Cordillera AR
0.17
1.6
0.21
1.5
Ilocos
0.50
4.7
0.63
4.5
Cagayan Valley
0.32
3.0
0.40
2.8
Central Luzon
0.96
9.0
1.32
9.4
Southern Tagalog
1.42
13.3
2.11
15.0
Bicol
0.54
5.1
0.65
4.6
Western Visayas
0.82
7.7
1.00
7.1
Central Visayas
0.74
7.0
1.01
7.2
Eastern Visayas
0.43
4.0
0.51
3.6
Western Mindanao
0.40
3.8
0.53
3.8
Northern Mindanao
0.37
3.4
0.47
3.4
Southern Mindanao
0.70
6.6
0.97
6.9
Central Mindanao
0.33
3.1
0.41
2.9
ARMM
0.26
2.5
0.39
2.7
Caraga
0.26
2.4
0.31
2.2
National
10.67
100
14.05
100
NCR
Approval of RA 9003
Effectivity of RA 9003
Signing of the IRR
Paradigm shift
Institutional Structure
National Solid Waste
Management Commission
(Policy Making)
DENR-EMB-NSWMC/S
(Technical Support
and Enforcement)
Local Government
Units
(Implementation)
Waste Generators/Citizens
PIA
MMDA
League of Provinces
League of Cities
League of Municipalities
Liga ng mga Barangay
Non-Government Sector:
1 - representative from the NGO sector
1 - representative from the Recycling Industry
1 - representative from the Manufacturing/Packaging industry
Barangay SWM
Committee
Recyclables
Special Wastes
Non-recyclables/residuals
COMPOSTABLE WASTE
Compostable wastes are biodegradable
wastes such as food waste, garden waste and
animal waste.
Examples are:
Fruit and vegetable peelings, leftover foods,
vegetable trims, fish/fowl/meat/animal entrails/, soft
shells, seeds, leaves, etc.,
RECYCLABLE WASTE
SPECIAL WASTE
RESIDUAL WASTE
garden/farm
junkshop/nagreresiklo
treatment plant
Sorting At Source
Segregated Collection
Village-level Collection
Community / Barangay -level Collection
Segregated Destination
Management of Compostables or
Biodegradables
Management of Recyclables or Nonbiodegradables
DAO 2006-10
Categories of Disposal Facility
Type
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Category 4
Php11.75
Php39.00
Php142.50
Php225.00
Volume of SW
< 15 tpd
15 75 tpd
>200 tpd
Leachate
Treatment
Ponds
Ponds
Ponds
Treatment
Clay liner
60 cm; <105cm/s
75 cm; <106cm/s
75 cm; <107cm/s
60 cm; <10-7cm/s
Technical Standards:
Drainage
Gas Venting
Leachate
Collection
HDPE Liner
1.5 mm
Philippine Clean
Water Act of
2004(RA 9275)
and Its
Implementing
Rules and
Regulations
(DAO 2005-10)
Background
Philippine Clean Water Act (RA 9275) enacted
on March , 2004
Published on April 21 ,2004 and subsequently
took effect on May 6,2004
Implementing Rules and Regulations approved
the Secretary on May 16, 2005
Published May 26, 2005 under DAO 2005-10
series of 2005 (Manila Times and Manila
Standard Today)
Conceptual Framework
Households
Industries
Other Non-Point
Sources
Establishment of Water
Quality Management Area
(WQMA)
Non-Attainment Areas
(NAAs)
Natl Septage/Sewerage
Management Program
Classification/
Reclassification
Groundwater Vulnerability
Mapping
WQ Guidelines
Effluent Standards
Categorization of Industry
Wastewater Charge System
Discharge Permits
Financial Liability
Programmatic EIA
Incentives and Rewards
Prohibitions/Sanctions/
Actions
Coverage
9 Water Quality Management in all
water bodies
9 Abatement & control of pollution
from land based sources
9 Enforcement of WQ standards,
regulations and penalties
WATER QUALITY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Water Quality Management Area Attainment and NonAttainment Areas
Management of Non-attainment Areas
National Sewerage and Septage Management Program
Domestic Sewage and Septage Management Program
Domestic Sewage Collection, Treatment and Disposal
National Water Quality Management Fund
Wastewater Charge System
Discharge Permits
Representatives of
mayors and governors of member LGUs,
NGAs, NGOs, water utility and business
sector
Functions
coordinating
legislation
Role of LGUs
share the responsibility in the management and improvement of water
quality within their territorial jurisdictions
Fines
NATIONAL
WATER
QUALITY MGT.
FUND
Proceeds
of Permits
Administrator
DENR
Depository Bank
National Treasury
Donations,
Endowments,
Grants
AREA
WATER QUALITY
MGT. FUND
Fines before
CWA(rural areas)
Wastewater
Discharge fees
Donations,
Endowments,
Grants
Administrator
Depository Bank
Penalty/Civ1l Liability
Discharging of untreated
wastewater into any
water body
Failure to undertake
clean-up operations
Failure or refusal to
clean-up which results in
serious injury or loss of
life or lead to irreversible
water contamination
THE PHILIPPINE
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
LAW
PD 1586
Establishing an Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS) System:
There is hereby established an EIS system
founded and based on the EIS required, under
Sec 4 of PD 1151, of all agencies and
instrumentalities of the NG, including GOCC, as
well as private corporations, firms and entities,
for every proposed project and undertaking
which SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT THE QUALITY
OF THE ENVIRONMENT.
What is an EIA?
EIA is a component of the Planning and
Decision Making Process
EIA is the presentation and evaluation of
environmental considerations in the process
of planning and decision making
Reference: Environmental Impact Assessment Handbook, National
Environmental Protection Council, Ministry of Human Settlements,
November, 1983
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENT (EIA)
(EIA)
The process of predicting the
likely environmental
consequences* of
implementing a project and
designing appropriate
preventive mitigating and
enhancement measures
EIA
EIAis
isdone
doneby
byproject
projectproponents
proponentsthat
thatplan
planto
toimplement
implement
projects
projectswithin
withinthe
thepurview
purviewof
ofthe
theEIA
EIASystem
System
Coverage
Environmentally critical
project (ECPs)
Environmentally critical
areas (ECAs)
PROJECT SCREENING
EIA Required
LEGEND:
Proponent
Driven
No EIA
DENR-EMB
Driven
Proponent
Options
Not Part of
EIA Process
Public
Involvement
Change
Project
plan /
Relocate
Project
P
U
B
L
I
C
Expansion / Project
modifications
N
T
Implementation
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
MONITORING & EVALUATION / AUDIT
DECISION
DOCUMENT
PROCESSING
RESPONSIBILITY
(Endorsing
Official)
Initial
Environmental
Examination Report
(IEER)
ECC
EIAMD RO
Division Chief
EMB RO
Director
60 days
Initial
Environmental
Examination
Checklist (IEEC)
ECC
EIAMD RO
Division Chief
EMB RO
Director
30 days
Project Description
Report (PDR)
ECC
EIAMD RO
Division Chief
EMB RO
Director
15 days
Environmental
Performance Report
and Management
Plan (EPRMP)
ECC
EIAMD RO
Division Chief
EMB RO
Director
30 days
Environmental
Performance Report
and Management
Plan (EPRMP)
ECC
EIAMD RO
Division Chief
EMB CO
Director
30 days
DOCUMENTS REQUIRED
FOR ECC/CNC
APPLICATION
DECIDING
AUTHORITY
BIOETHANOL
TARGET
Capacity
(MW)
TOTAL
in 2030
Hydro
3,367
1,070
3,400
3,097
6,767
Solar
30
35
RESOURCE
Geothermal
Wind
Biomass
Ocean
Total
2,027
33
57.2
0
5,489.2
515
200
120
5,355
548
257.2
120
10,835
Policy Implementation
Establishment of the Renewable Energy Management
Bureau
DOEs lead unit in the implementation of the Act
Operationalized on 14 July 2009
Creation of the Interim Negotiating Panel for RE Service /
Operating Contracts on 09 September 2009
Duty-free Importation
10-year exemption from tariff duties
Accelerated Depreciation
Non-availment of ITH
Depreciation rate not exceeding twice the normal
Non-fiscal Incentives
Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)
Mandatory (percentage) utilization of RE
generation system in on-grid systems
Feed-in Tariff
Priority connection to the grid
Priority purchase and transmission of and
payment for by grid system operators
Fixed tariff for at least 12 years
To be applied for generation utilized in
complying with RPS
Business opportunities in
being green
Traditional:
Collection services & managing disposal sites
Emerging opportunities:
Biogas Emissions Reduction Project
elimination or reduction of explosion or
fire hazards
reduction of odor and groundwater
pollution
reduction of damage to vegetation and
acceleration of re-use of land
improves dumpsite stability
contributes to GHG reduction and
mitigation of global warming
***Estimated emission reduction of
110,000 tCO2e/year from capture
of landfill gas and 0.46 tCO 2e/MWh
displaced grid electricity ***
% to be
donated to QC
6.00 7.00
15
7.01 - 8.00
16
8.01 - 9.00
17
9.01 - 10.00
18
10.01 - 11.00
19
11.01 - 13.00
21
13.01 - 15.00
23
15.01 - 17.00
25
17.01 - 20.00
28
20.01 -- up
32
Large-scale Composting
1. Mulching Operation
3. Sieving of shredded
compost
2. Shredding of Dried
Compostables
4. Compost Processing
Large-scale Composting
Use of Fabricated 1Ton
Capacity Bioreactor
Use of Large
Shredders/Chippers
RECYCLING
Newspaper, ferrous and non-ferrous
scrap metals, corrugated cardboard,
aluminum, tin cans, glass, papers, etc.,
Business
opportunities in
implementing the
Clean Water Act
Desludging Works
Septage Treatment
Biosolids Disposal
Treatment Process
Screenings, Grit and Grease
Removal
Flocculation and
Screw Press Dewatering
Filtrate Treatment:
Conventional
Activated Sludge
Discharge to river/lake
Biosolids
Hauling &
Land Application
Land application
Biosolids Management
Manila Water sends its biosolids to sugarcane lands in laharladen areas in Pampanga and Tarlac
Methane gas
Power house
Business
opportunities in
implementing the
Clean Air Act &
RE Law
Mangrove rehabilitation
SHARED RESPONSIBILITY