Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Alastminuteadditiontomy
bibliography:
B.G.Burkett(Vanderbilt,66)andGlenna
Whitley,StolenValor:HowtheVietnam
GenerationwasrobbedofitsHeroesandits
History (Dallas,1998).
Burkettmakesmanyclaimsinthisbook,but
themostfascinatingaspectofitishis
exposureofthephonyVietnamveteran,a
phenomenonthatstillamazesme.
ManyFlagscampaign Allied
support
1.)SouthKorea largestcontingent
48,000(wouldlose4407men)USfinancial
support
2.)Australia 8000,lost469
3.)NewZealand,1000,lost37
4.)Thailand 12,000troops,351lost
5.)Philippines medicalandsmallnumberof
forcesinpacification
6.)NationalistChina covertoperations
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
23,200
190,000
390,000
500,000
535,000
475,000
334,000
140,000
50,000
K 147 W 522
K 1369 W 3308
5008
16,526
9377
32,370
14,589 46,797
9414
32,940
4221
15,211
1381
4767
300
587
SovietandChineseSupportforNorth
Vietnam
1.)DespiteSinoSovietdisputeandoutbreakof
CulturalRevolutioninChina,supportcontinues
2.)Sovietsupplyofantiaircrafttechnologyand
suppliestotheNorth alongwithmedicalsupplies,
arms,tanks,planes,helicopters,artillery,andother
militaryequipment.Sovietshipsprovided
intelligenceonB52raids 3000soldiersinNorth
Vietnam(Sovietgovt.concealedextentofsupport)
3.)Chinesesupplyofantiaircraftunitsand
engineeringbattalions 327,000troopssent more
than17,000killed
1.)
2.)
JohnsonsProgressOffensive
1.)JohnsonsNovemberpressConference
2.)BringingWestmorelandhometoreporttoCongress the
endbeginstocomeintoview
thelightattheendofthetunnel
3.)LBJorderssurveillanceofthepeacemovementactivitiesat
homeandabroad OperationChaos dossierson7000
Americans violationofCIAcharter
4.)Objectivesignsofprogress enemysufferinghigh
casualties,problemswithrecruiting,ARVNdesertionrate
dropping,evenMcNamarabelievedprogresswasbeingmade
5.)PRcampaign CommitteeforPeaceandFreedomin
Vietnam coordinatedwiththeWhiteHouse
TheTetOffensive:TheEddieAdamsPicture
BeginningoftheOffensive
1.)Struck36of44provincialcapitals,fiveofsixmajor
cities,64districtcapitals,and50hamlets
2.)RaidontheUSEmbassy gotintothecompound
lastedaboutsixhours all19killedorseverelywounded
3.)AlsohitSaigonsairport,presidentialpalace,and
militaryheadquarters
4.)MostsuccessfulattackinHue heldthecityforamonth
5.)SiegeatKhe Sanh tillApril
6.)overallenemydefeat lossesestimatedat40,000;
weakeningoftheVietCong;NorthVietnamesenow
assumemostofthefighting
FootagefromTetOffensive
CBSNews
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tm3Wimt
tZjc&feature=related
FortheU.S. ACostlyVictory
1.)USlossesmorethan1100,ARVN2300
2.)Morethan12,500civilianskilled
3.)DevastatingEffectonAmericanpublicopinion
78percentofAmericanssaidnoprogresswasbeing
made;26percentapprovedJohnsonshandlingof
thewar
4.)Increaseinthecredibilitygap Tetseemedto
showLBJsprogressoffensivewasanexaggeration,
tosomealie Kennedyspeech
AtmosphereofGloom
1.)RobertKennedysspeech
2.)Mediareportingonthewar imageof
chaosanddefeat
3.)WalterCronkiteYouTube WalterCronkite
RemembersHisTetOffensiveEditorial
4.)NYTimesstory March10,1968
Westmorelandsrequestfor206,000
producedanuproar
Humphreyvs.Nixonvs.Wallace
http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commer
cials/1968
NixonBringustogether
NixonandKissinger
`
`
`
TheFrustrationsofVietnam,1969
5.)Growthinantiwarsentiment moratoriumsofOctober
andNovember1969 radicalizationofpartofthemovement
(WeatherUnderground,BringtheWarHome)
Governmentresponse COINTELPRO coverteffortsto
infiltrateanddiscreditthemovement
6.)Nixons SilentMajoritySpeech
7.)RevelationsofMyLaimassacre Nov.1969
8.)Firstdraftlottery December1969
TheFrustrationsofVietnam,
1970
1.)ControversiesoverwarinLaos,Feb.1970
2.)OverthrowofSihanouk,March1970
3.)Announcementofwithdrawalof150,000men,April
20,1970
4.)IncursionintoCambodia May1970 thesearchfor
COSVN
5.)Intensedomesticreaction KentState
6.)UStroopwithdrawalfromCambodia,June1970,but
warcontinues
7.)1970midtermelections Nixonsdefeat,fearofbeing
onetermpresident
TheAgonyofVietnam 1971
1.)FailureofLamSon371 February1971
USsupported ARVN(SouthVietnamese)
invasionofLaos
2.)April1971 VietnamVeteransAgainstthe
WarinWashington JohnKerry
3.)VerdictintheCalleyTrial PublicOutrage
4.)ThePentagonPapersandDanielEllsberg
June1971,SupremeCourtCaseagainstprior
censorship
NixonandKissinger AComplex
Relationship
1.)KissingerasNationalSecurityAdviser aconstituencyofone
(DecentInterval
http://web1.millercenter.org/dci/1970_1221_nixonwithdrawal.html
2.)ReassurancestoNixon conversationApril1971NixonTapesTranscript
RichardNixon,HenryKissinger4/7/1971001010
NixononJews
http://whitehousetapes.net/clips/1971_0705_jews/
NixononDiem
http://tapes.millercenter.virginia.edu/clips/1971_0407_billygraham/main.swf
3.)NixonasStrategist,KissingerasTactician?(April14conversation)
China:http://nixontapes.org/hak.html
4.)Nixononyoungpeople
http://tapes.millercenter.virginia.edu/clips/nixon_students_1971_03_25.swf
TheTrifecta NixonsSuccessesin1972
DeterminationtobethePeaceCandidate
1.)OpeningtoChina July1971 Trip
February1972
2.)SummitwithSoviets SALTIAgreement
May1972
3.)VietnamPeaceAccords announced
October1972,signedJanuary1973
Result:OverwhelmingReelection,November
1972
TheDecentInterval
http://tapes.millercenter.virginia.edu/clips/19
72_0803_vietnam/
http://web1.millercenter.org/dci/1972_1006_t
hieu.html
McGovernsCampaign ComeHome,
America
OctoberSurprise PeaceisatHand
(KissingerandLeDucTho)
Impactontheelection
ChapterII MemoirsV.Tapes:PresidentNixon
&theDecemberBombings
wipedMcGovernoutnow
NixonLandslide 1968vs.1972
ChristmasBombingof1972
ParisPeaceAccordsofJanuary1973
1.)NorthVietnamesetroopsallowedto
remainintheSouth
2.)UStroopswithdrawn
3.)USPOWsreturned
4.)Thieuremainsinpower
(Nixonssecret/publicassurances)
Watergate
NixonsResignation August1974
FallofSaigon April1975
Vietnam Reeducationcamps
1.)500,000to1millionincamps(outof
populationof20million) deathtoll
uncertain
KillingFieldsofCambodia
Whythecollapse?
1.)Nixonsresignation;Watergateseffecton
presidentialauthority
2.)CongressionalcutbacksinaidtoSouthVietnam
refusaltopassemergencylegislation
3.)SouthVietnameseweakness,disunity,poor
strategicdecisions
4.)Cambodia weaknessandcorruptionof
government;displacementthroughbombing;
sideshowofVietnam,aswithLaos
SubsequentEvents,19752011
1.)Vietnamofficiallyreunifies1976 Southernerspushedaside;Khmer
RougepursuesgenocideinCambodia
2.)VietnaminvadesCambodiaandtopplesKhmerRougegovernment,
December1978 continuingguerillawar
3.)ChinaattacksVietnamJanuary1979 fightsfortwomonthsinNorth
Vietnamandwithdraws
4.)VietnambecomesSovietally USdemandsaccountingofPOWsand
MIAs exodusoftheboatpeopleestimatesbetween1to1.5million
5.)Vietnamadoptseconomicreformsdoimoiin1986 losesaidwith
collapseofSovietUnionandEasternbloc19891991
6.)USandVietnamrestorediplomaticrelationsin1995
7.)Cambodiancivilwarends,1998
8.)ClintonvisitsVietnam,November2000 USlargesttradepartner,de
factomilitaryalliancedespitehumanrightsconcerns
AHistoriansPerspective GeorgeHerring
onLessonsofVietnam
1.)Centralityoflocalforcesasopposedto
internationalpolitics
2.)LimitsofPower thepoisonoustangleof
localpolitics
3.)Needfordebateanddiscussionabout
foreignpolicy
Problemswithallthreelessons
VietnamandIraqandAfghanistan
1.)Problemsoflocalforcesvs.globalnetwork
2.)Effectivenessofcounterinsurgency
3.)USpublicopinionandthepolitical
dynamicsofwar
4.)RoleoftheUSintheWorld theWilsonian
temptation