1) Cu to ca bnh c qui khi ng (gi tt l BAQ) loi axt/ch:

- Bn cc m: lm bng ch nguyn cht Pb (nm pha ngoi)

- Bn cc dng: lm bng dioxide ch PbO2(nm pha trong)
- L cch: nm gia bn dng v bn m, cch in nhng cho dung dch acid thm qua
d dng
- Dung dch: l acid sulfuric (H2S04) nng 35%
- Cc bnh: cc dng ni ton b bn dng ca mt ngn v a ra ngoi v bnh
kt ni. Tng t cho cc m
- V bnh: thng lm bng nha polimer
- Mt bo t trng: Mt ny nm trn np bnh v c tc dng ch th dung lng in np
trong bnh thng qua t trng dung dch acid
Mt ngn BAQ nh ni trn cho in th danh ngha 2V. BAQ 12 V thng c 6 ngn
nh vy
2) Dung lng ca BAQ:
- Dung lng: l tch s gia dng phng in v thi gian phng in o theo ch
dng phng in = 1/10 dung lng. Th d BAQ 100Ah c th phng c dng in
10A trong thi gian lin tc 10h. Tuy nhin nh di di y gii thch, trnh b
sulfate ho, BAQ ch nn phng ti 50% dung lng v sau phi np li.
- Dung lng gim st nhiu khi cho phng in vi dng in ln. ch khi ng,
th d nh 12V/ 4kW, th dng phng in l 4000W / 12V = 330A. Trong trng hp
ny ch cho php phng 7 - 10 ln, mi ln khng qu 15 - 20s trnh ph hu bn cc
(ngha l cho php dng khong 1/4 dung lng khi ng)
3) Chu trnh phng np ca BAQ:
- Khi bnh y in:
in th khi h mch: 12,6 - 12,8V (o sau khi ngt sc lu)
T trng dung dch: 1,260 kg/l
- Khi phng in:
Cc bn cc phn ng vi H2SO4 v cng bin dn thnh sulfate ch PbSO4
in th gim dn
T trng dung dch gim dn
- Khi ht in:
in th gim ti 11,8 - 12,0V khi h mch (ti 10,5V khi c gnh ti)

T trng dung dch khi ht in c th gim ti 1,200-1,230. T trng o bng mt t trng

k, hoc nhiu trng hp BAQ c gn sn t trng k. Thng thng t trng k ch mu
xanh l y in v l cn phi np
- Khi np in:
PbSO4 c gii phng thnh PB trn cc m v PbO2 trn cc dng v gii phng ra
H2SO4
Np nhanh: in th np 14,5-15,0V. Cho php np khng qu 2 gi v ngng ngay khi
BAQ pht nng v dung dch si bt d di. My np nhanh phi c chc nng gii hn
dng in
Np cm chng: in th np 13,8V.
- Np phc hi BAQ b sulfate ho: np bng my np chuyn dng c dng in khng
i = 1/10 dung lng bnh
Dng c bo dng c qui ti thiu phi c l: ng h vn k, ng o t trng.
T trng k cm tay T trng k gn sn
4) Cc h hng ca BAQ:
- T phng in qua mc: mc t phng in cho php khng qu 20%/ thng. Thng
thng BAQ c c lp bt ch ri rng nhiu, ngn mch gia cc bn cc v lm
tng phng in
- Gim dung lng: BAQ s gim dn dung lng sau khong thi gian s dng, v gim
nhanh nu phng np nhiu ln. l do bn cc dng b ri rng dn lng PbO2 khi
phng in
- Tng ni tr: BAQ dng lu c hin tng tng ni tr, ngha l phng dng in ln
= 3-4 ln dung lng (khi ng ng c) th in p trn cc bnh st xung di 10,5
V v c th lm cc linh kin in t ca thit b khng hot ng. Th d vi BAQ
100Ah, ni tr ln nht cho php l: 2V/400A = 0,005 Ohm. BAQ c2ng ln dung lng
th ni tr cng nh
- Cn dung dch: sau nhiu ln phng np, dung dch c th cn dn do bay hi. Khi
b sung bng nc ct. Tuy nhin vi cc BAQ hin i, ng kn, vic cn dung dch
cng l du hiu ca bnh gn ht tui th.
- Sulfate ho: BAQ lu trong tnh trng ht in hoc cn dung dch th PbSO4 tr
thnh cc tinh th trng xm. Khi rt kh kh tinh th ny tr li Pb v PbO2. Phi
dng ch np phc hi bng my np c bit nh ni trn
5) Tnh ton dung lng cn thit ca BAQ theo cng sut my khi ng:

- Cng sut my khi ng: P = 4kW

- in th lm vic: U = 12V
=> Dng in khi ng I = P/U = 4000/ 12 = 330A
=> Dung lng cn thit khi ng 10 ln x 15 s = 0,04h: 330A x 0,04h = 13Ah
=> Dung lng cn thit ca BAQ mi = 13Ah x 4 = 52Ah
Nu d phng BAQ b gim 1/2 dung lng m vn dng c dung lng cn thit l
104Ah
Nu in th lm vic 24V th tnh ton nh trn ra dung lng, nhng phi dng 2
bnh cng dung lng ny
Phng php xc nh bnh yu bng ng h vn nng nh sau:
1) o in DC trn u cp in ca Solenoid, hoc ca b K khi ang khi ng my.
Theo anh < 9-10V c coi l yu. Lu :
- Khng o khi khng khi ng v ch khi no khi ng my mi gim in th r rt,
cn bnh d yu nhng khi dng bnh thng hoc khng dng th cng khng gim in
th
- Khng o ngay u bnh v ngay u bnh c th in nhng ti b K hoc
solenoid li gim nhiu
2) Nu o bc (1) thy > 10V: kt lun l bnh khng yu. Vy vn nm b K
3) Nu o bc (1) thy < 9V: c th c 2 nguyn nhn;
- St in p qua cc ni ni hoc ng dy t bnh ln b K (hoc solenoid)
- hoc bnh yu
4) o in DC trn u cp in ca my (my khi ng) khi ang khi ng my.
Nu > 10V: st p trn ng dy. Kim tra cc mi ni, gic cm, v chnh tit din
ng dy c th b nh qua (biu hin l pht nhit thy m m.)
5) o bc (4) thy < 9V th c th do 2 nguyn nhn:
- St din th trn ng dy cp khi ng (t bnh ti )
- hoc bnh yu
6) o in DC trn u cc bnh khi ang khi ng my. Nu > 10V: st p trn ng
dy cp khi ng. Cp nh qu hoc xit khng cht, hoc bm khng chc.
7) o nh bc (7) thy < 9V. Kt lun bnh yu. Bnh yu thng thng dng trn 1
nm, hoc do bay hi cn nc bnh, hoc do khdn nc ri b chm thm bng nc
khng phi nc ct ( nc ung thng hoc dung dch axt u l sai )
Tt nhin c th xc nh bnh yu bng mt dng c o trc tip kh nng phng in
ca bnh (mt loi ng h Ampe ti o ngn mch gia 2 cc bnh)