ISO

INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD

898-2
Second edition
1992-11-01

-ce-p-- --.._
- ________

------.--Y----P
- _^._
--._-

__---

_______

Mechanical

__

_-_.--

_--__.-..-

-----

properties

--

-0-------

---

of fasteners

proof load values

Caract&-istiques

des t%ments

2: Eo-aus

Partie

avec charges

di+renve

.--0

Part 2:
Nuts with specified
thread
rmkxniqrres

-Pp

de fixatim
specifi6es

- Coarse

--

Filetages

2 pas

CJI-OS

--__I~._~~---I--- _____-__-------

_
===-_--.

_----.-

p-__--_-

-----

___-__

--.----.----

--~

_-_-_

p___I___cw _-_cp

---

-..--_e------

---__-_--_-

____

-_-_--..--_-Im__

--

.---

.L--_--.

-------

__---

._

__----

-_.

--

_.

___

:-----

--=

Refcrence
numbcr
ISO 898-2: 19921 E)

ISO 898-2:1992(E)

Fsreword
ISO (the International
Organization
for Standardization)
is a worldwide
federation
of national Standards bodies (ISO metnber bodies). The work
of preparing
International
Standards
is normally
carried out through ISO
technical
comtniZZees.
Esch tnember
body interested
in a subjed: for
which a technicat
commitlee
has been established
has Zhe right 90 be
represented
on that cotnmittee.
International
organizations,
governmental and non-govet-nmental,
in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
work. lS0 cotlaborates
ctosely with the International
Electrotechnical
Commission
(IEC) on alt mattet-s of etectrotechnicat
standardization.
Draft lntet-national
Standards
adapted by Iahe techllical
cotm-nittees
at-e
circutated
to the member
bedies for voting.
Publication
as an tnternationat
Standard
r-equires approvat
by at least 75 94 of the member
bodies casting a vote.
International
Standard
ISO/TC 2, Fasfeners,
Tasfeners.
This
(ISO

second
edition
898-2:1980), which

ISO 898-2 was prepared

by Technical
Committee
Sub-Committee
SC 1, Mechanicai
properfies
of

the
cancels
and
replaces
has been technicalty
revised.

ISO 898 consists of ,the fotlowinq . parls,

ical proper-fies
of I;r--asfeners:
screws

the general

_I

Part

--

Part 2; Nufs wifh specified

Part 5: Set screws

siresses

Part 6: Abts

fest ai ld minimum
Part 7: Torsioriai
torques
with nominal dianiete/-s I mm to 10 mm

Annexes

1: Belts,

under

fit-st

edition

titte MecI~a1)-

arM studs
proof

and similar

with specilred

Load values

threaded

proof

-- Coarse

fasteriers

Load vahes

fhread

not- under

- Fine pifch
for bolts

A and B of Ibis pst-t of ISO 898 are for infortnation

t ensile

thread

and screws

only.

0 ISO 1992
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be t-cproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electt onic or mechanical, i~~cluding photocopying and microfiltn, without
permission in writing from the publisiter-.
Internalional Orgat~ization for Standard ization
Case Postale 56 * CH-1211 Genkve 20 * Switzer land
Pr inteci in Switzerlatid

ii

INTERNATIONAL

STANDARD

MechanicaII

ISO 898-2:1992(E)

properties

of fasteners

Part 2:

NUSSwith specified proof load values - Coarse thread

--- corrosion

Scope

This international
Standard specifies the mechanicai
properties
of nuts with specified
proof Load values
when tcsted at room temperature
(sce ISO 1). Properties will Var-y at higher and lower temperature.
It applies
--

--

ability

to

with nominai
i ng 39 mm;

Ihrcad

diameters

up to and incIud-

temperatures
withstand
- 50 OC.

with diameter/pifch
combinations
ISO 261 (coarse thread);

--- with thread tolerantes

and ISO 965-2;
--

with

I_

with widths across

or equivalenl;

according

6H according

mechanical

to

to ISO 965-1

For special

with nominal
O,W*;
made

of carbon

heights

free-cutting

products

bolting,

such

abiliiies

1) is the nominal

as specified

see the

3 For assemhlies
than 6H/6g, there
also table 1.

with threads
having
is an increased
risk

high-strength

product

Standards

greater

than

Reduction

tolerantes
wider
of stripping;
see

in thread strength

in ISO 272

or equal

to

Test load, 74

greater
than

Thread tolerantes

less than or
equal to

-_

steel.

special

properties

(sec ISO 2320);

of the internal

thread

in accordance

for

4 In the case of thread tolerantes

other or larger than
6t-1, a decrease
of the stripping
strength
should be considered (see table 1).

Thread

steel or low alloy

diameter

for

nuts for use with hot-

boits,

--- weldability;

as nuts

not be used

reguirements;

It does not appfy to nuts requiring

such as
lackirig

should

dipped galvanized
appropriate
values.

M2,5
.--

--

steel

and overtapped

Table 1 flats

a bove

NOTES

structural

of trianguIar
ISO thread and with diameters
and
pitches according . to ISO 68 and ISO 262 (coarse
thread);

(see ISO 3506);

--t--300 OC or below

1 Nuts made from

above -+ 250 C.

to nuts

specific

resistance

with ISO 724.

6H

7H

6G

100

--

95,5
1.--.-

ISO 898-2:1992(E)

Normative

ISO 6507-1: 1982, Mefallic

n-,aterials ---- Hardness
- Vickers test -- Part 1: HV 5 to 1-N 100.

references

The foIiowing
Standards
contain
provisions
which,
through
reference
in this text, constitute
provisions
of this par-t af ISO 898, At the tirne of publicaiion,
the
editions
indicated
were valid.
All Standards
are
subject to revision, and Parties to agreements
based
on this part of 1SO 898 are encouraged
to investigate
the possibility
of applying
the most recent editions
of the Standards
indicated
below. Members
of IEC
and ISO maintain
registers
of currently
valid International Standards.
ISO 1:1975, Siandard
refereuce
dustrial length measrIrernerIts.
ISO 68:1973,
Basic Profile.

ISO general

/lur/lose

1SO 272:1982,
Widths across

screw

purpose

ISO 261:1973,
ISO qeneral
fhreads - General i/an.
ISO 262:1973,
ISO
threads -- Seiected

iemperafrrre

for in-

fhreads

metric

screw

general
purpose
metric
screw
sizes for screws, bolts and nuts.

FasteIlers
flats.

Hexagon

prodlrcts

--

ISO 286-2:1988,
ISO System
of Limits and fits Part 2: 7ables of Standard tolerante
grades and limit
deviations
for holes and shafls.

ISO 724:1978,
mensions.

ISO mefric

screw

ISO 965-1:1980,
ISO general
threads -- Polerances
--- Part
data.

threads

Basic

di-

purpose
metric
screw
1; Frinciples
and basic

1SO 965-2:1980,
ISO yeneral
purpose
tnetric screw
threads ---. Tolerallces
- Parf 2: Limits of sizes for
generai
purpose
holt and nuf thr,eads -- Mediwn
quality.

test

ISO 6508:1986, Metallic

rnaterials -- Hardness
fest -Rockwell
fest (scales A - 8 - C - D - E - F - G - H 0

Designation

System

3.1 Nuts with nominal heights > 0,811

(effective lengths af thread > 0,6/))
Nuts with nominal
heights > 0,811 (effective
lenqths
of thread > 0,6D) are designated
by a nur-&&
to
indicate the maximum
appropriate
pt-operty class of
bolts with which they may be mated.
Failure of threaded
fasteners
due to over-tightening
tan occur by bolt shank fracture or by stt-ipping of
the threads of the nut and/or bolt. Shank fracture is
sudden
and therefore
easily
noticed.
Stripping
is
gradual
and therefore
difficult to detect and this introduces
the danger of partly failed fasteners
being
left in assemblies.
lt would therefore
be desirable
to design thr-eaded
connections
so that their mode of failure would always be by shank fracture
but, unfortunateIy,
beCause of the many variables
which govern stripping
strength
(nut and bolt mate+!
r,trzngths,
thread
etc.),
11uts
across-flats
dimensions,
clearances,
would have to be objectionably
thick to guarantee
this mode in atl cases.
A bolt or screw of thread M5 to M39 assembled
with
a nut of the appropriate
propet-ty class, in accordancc with tabte 2, is intended
to provide
an assembly capable of beirigg tightened
to the holt proof
load without thread stripping
occurring.

--- Surface discontincrities

ISO 6157-2:--- l) , Fasteners
- Part 2r Nuts with threads MIS to M39.

However,
should tiqhtening
beyond bolt proof load
take place, the nutdesign
is intended
to ensure at
least IO % of the over-tiqhtened
asscmblies
fail
through bolt breakage
in Order to warn the User that
the installation
practice is not appropriate.

ISO 6506: 1981, Mefallic

Brinell test.

of screw

ISO 4964: 1984, Steel -- Hardness

1)

7-o be published.

rnaterials

conversious.

Hardrjess

test --

NOTE 5

For more detailed

thrcad assemblies,

information
on the strength
see annex A.

ISO 898=2:1992(E)

Table

- Designation
System for nuts with nominal
heights > 0,811
Mating bolts

Property
class of
nut

Property cfass

Property class of
nut

4
---_----.

3.6: 4.6; 4.8

-_-_---..
3.6; 4.6; 4.0
.------_I-5.0

-----

6
------_---8

6.8
--.--_-.--c- ----.--

and Stresses under

heights 2 0,5D but
9

Nominal stress
under proof load

Actual stress
under proof load

Nimm*

N/mm*

04

5.6;
.-_-.__I_

System
nominal
< 0,8D

Thread ranges

---

Table 3 - Designation
proof load for nuts with

> M16
>- M 16
---- --.~-.-- - ---<; M16
.~XII___
< M39
< M39
-.
----~-._---< M39
< M39
.------.-.-----___-._-----~

400

---~-------_---,

-500

05

~--

380

500

.-.-

8.8

----

Materials

Nuts shall be made

Chemical composition

9
_--_-_
10
--------__
12
------.
N0-TF..

Table

4 -

of steel conforming
to the
limits specified
in table 4.

Limits of Chemical composition

Chemical cotnposition

litnits

Property ctass

In yeneral,
nuts of a higher- property
class tan t-eplace nuts of a Iower property
class. This is advisable
for a
bolt/nut
assernbly
going it-tto a stress
hicj-Ier than the yield
st.ress or the stress under proof load.

___---~._je 2)

3.2 Nuts with ncxr~inal heights > 0,511 hut

< 0,811 (effective heights of thread > 0,W but
< 0,611)
Nuts with nominal
heiqhts 2 0,51) but c 0,811 (effective height of thread 5 0,4D but c 0,6/1) are designated by a combination
of two numbers:
the second
itrdicalcs
the nominal
stress under proof load on a
hardened
test mandrei,
while the fit-st inclicates that
the loadability
of a bolt-nut assembly is reduced in
comparison
with the loadability
on a hardened
test
mandrel
and also in cotnparison
with a bolt-nut assembly
described
in 3.1. The effective
loading
capacity is not only detcrmincd
by the hardness of the
nut and the effective height of thread but also by the
tensile strength of the holt with which the nut is assembled.
Table 3 gives the designation
System and
the Stresses
under proof Ioad of the nuts. Proof
loads arc shown in table 6. A guide fot- minimum
expected
stripping
strengths
of the joints
when
these nuts arc assembled
wif.h bolts of vat-ious
property classes is shown in table 7.

---

~_

05 i,

-_

0,58

____^

0,30 /

O&+iii--

1) Nuts of these proper-ty classes may be manufactured

from ftee-cuttiny steel unless otherwise agreed between the
purchaser and the tnanufacturet-. In such cases, the following
maximutn Sulfur, phosphorus and Icad contents at-e perrnissible:
sulfur 0,34 74; phosphorus

0,ll

%; Iead 0,35 %.

2) Alloying elements may be added, if necessary,

velop the mechanical properties of the nuts.

Nuts of property
classes 05, 8 (style 1 above
10 and 12 shall be hardened
and tempered.

Mechanical

to de-

M16),

properties

When tested by the methods

described
in clause 8,
ihe nuts shall have the mechanical
properties
set
out in table 5.

IM7

1 MIO

//Y-+i-

~4

I
/

greater
than

Nil0

MIO

M7

M4

less
/
than or
equal to

Thread

PA7

greater
than

j
1
:
1:

T
f
1
+
1
I

!
t
i

lI

i
;
i
1

1
i
11 iess
i
1
1 than or [
j eaual to I
l

Thread

I
1

630

610

530

580

520

N/mm2

Stress
under
proof
load

380

N/mm2

S tress
under
proof
ioad

1
t
Ll

t
/
1--r
1 130
1

min.

max.

l
1 302

?1
1
I Vickers
l hardness
HV
!
l
I

5 3)

188

min.

i
1

i
II

i
9

t
1
I

Nut

NQTA)

state

302

max.

Vickers
hardness
HV

04

1I

NQTif

state

thin

style

680

Nimm2

sP

Stress
under
proof
load

720

h-

i
i

II

Nut

/
/
1

7
1I
I

j
1
I
!

Il

ij
I
/ 202
l(
l
I
L
/
L

170 1
I

!50

I
353

NQ1 11 1

class

I
I
I
I
j

i,

l
1
i1

/
Il

I
Ntmm2
i 300
lt
l 855
l- 370
t 880
1
r
I

proof
Joad

thin

style

l
I1

353 j
1

Vickers
hardness
I-W

!(

1
I

Nut

i
il
i
1 233
L

ii
i
J

QT2)

state

t
1Stress
under

Property

1
i

i style

Nut

272

,
l
l
I
I

max.

Vickers
hardness
I-W

1
l
l
Ii
.mm.
F

/
Il

T
1

min. , max. j state

!
/
t -/
1
1

500

N/mm2

load

Stress

Vickers
hardness
HV

i
/
l
1

i1

05

class

properties

Propefty

Tahle 5 - Mechanical

/
I

1
Ir
1
I

Q-l-2)

j
I

Nut

N/mm2

Stress
under
proof
Load

I
l-lj
1

I
l

N/mm2

Stress
under
proof
Load

117

,min.

1
I

1
1
t

max.

NQT:j

state

state

Nut

Nut

1
I

1
I
i

180 1 302 1 NQTU

min.

Vickers
hardness
i-iV

302

max.

Vickers
hardness
HV

styl e

style

2)

1)

IM39

M16

920

950

188

170

min.

HV

QT = Quenched and tempered.

302

max.

Vi ckers
hardness

NQT = Not quenched or tempered.

Ml6

M-l0

Thread

1l Stress
f under

1
1
i
l
*-

NQTI j

state

Nut

style
1

353

GT?)

style
Nlmm2

1 060

1 050

1 040

272

Ai

I
Ii
I
I

1 170

1 140

1 140

l
1

040

I
1
i
1
i
min. max. state

Nut

Stress
under
proof
load
-&

class

1 140

Vickers
hardness
I-W

?i
j

Property

1 040

N/mm2

SF

Stress
under
proof
Load

10

i 2%

i
1

state

i
I
1-1
l

1
I

!
1
-

Nut

I I
l1 353 11 cy-21
1 I

min. 1 max.
l
I

Vickers
hardness
HV

style

I-

!
c
1

l-

1 200

1 190

1 160

1 150

1 150

N/mm2

Stress
under
proof
Load

12

i min.
I
t
/
1
I
4
272
/
:
I
4

<

353

max.

Vickers
hardness
HV
,1
/

QT2)

state

1--l

i
3
I

j
/l
style
I
7-

Nut

3) The maximum bolt hardness of property classes 5.6 and 5.8 will be changed to be 220 HV it: the next revision of ISO 838-1: 1988. This is the maximum bolt hardness in the thread engagement area
I whereas only the thread end or the head may have a maxlmum hardness of 250 HV. Therefore the values of stress under proof load are based on a maximum holt hardness of 220 HV.
I
NOTE - Minimum hardness is mandatory only for heat-treated nuts and nuts too iarge to be proof-!oad tested. For all other nuts, minimum hardness is not mandatory but is provided for guidance only.
For nuts which are not hardened and tempered, and which satisfy the proof-load test, minimum t ardness shall not Se Cause for rejection.

i
/

it
l

j
I

M5

M6

M7

M8

NI10

IA12

M14

M16

Ul18

M39

M36

3,5

2,5

375

I
j
i
i

l
'

2,5

2,5

IJ5

195

0,8

02

M33

M30

M27

IW24

M22

1,25

;j
0

rd4

M20

M3,5

061

0!5

l
i

M3

I
1

!
1

I
f

976

817

694

561

459

353

303

245

192

757

115

84,3

58

36,6

28:9

20,l

?4:2

0,75

6J8

$33

mm*

1 Thread
pitch
1

mm

I Nominai
of the stress
mandreiarea
]
4
;* S
I

it

i/

Thread

l
j

2530

1910

04

370900

310500

43700

32 000

18300
29 000

/ 488 000
I

1i 308 500

1 d2 200
I
I
i 57500

22 000

13 900

10000

7 100

3400

2500

05

1 14500

Il

7640

5400

1 11 000
/

j334oi44ooj
l

ll

lI

11

Yable

1 497 800
f

70 200

51400

34200

21 600

1 614 900

/ 514 i700

j
i

1 ?6800
1

11 700

8 250

4550

3550

2600

style

11

/
i

i!

j
i

l
6

13500

9 500

80 500

59000

39400

/ 702 700

/ 588 200

i
1 24 900

897 900

751 600

638 500

516 100

422 300

324 800

278 800

225 400

176 600

138 200

SO1 200

74 200

50500

31 800

24700

17 200

:2 740

7000

5400

5 250

4 000

3 000

style 1

4050

1 19300

i
I

i
i
j

IN

style 2

868 600

727 100

/ 617 700
1

1 499300

408 500

314 200

1 269 700

218 100

1 170 300
1

/
!

l
1

'

Proof ioad (A, x Sp)

cfass

thread

, Property

- Coarse

1 style
I

Load values

/ 416 700

f
l

1
/

Proof

1 style

1j!

6-

7 900

6 100

897 900

751 600

638 500

516100

422 300

324 800

l 278 800

t 225400

1 +l76 600
1

149 200

I/ ao 100
I
i 109 300

54 500

34400

26400

ia 400

I
1 i3000

I
f siyle 2
1
1
4 500

'

'

1
'

;
j

I
]

1 035 000

866 000

735600

594700

486500

374 200

321 200

259700

203500

164 900

120800

88 500

60 300

38 100

30 100

20 900

14 ao0

9 150

7050

5 200

style

Kl

10 000

7 700

5700

41 700

?34 600

g8 6oo

I
j

1
I

j 183700

j/
t

1 66100

! 16 200
l
! 22900
1
1 32900
!

i
l

1
I
i

1
j style
I
I

1
II

980 400

832 800

673 200

550 800

423 600

363 600

294 000

230 400

186 ao0

136 900

100 300

67 300

42 500

IO 100

7 ao0

5 800

style

1 171 000

12

ISO 898-2: 1992(E)

7 Failure loads for nuts with nominal

height > 0,50 but < 0,8D

shall be the last

minimum
material

quarterside.

of the

Gg range

on the

The vaiues of failure loads given in table 7 for guidante apply to different bolt classes. Bott stripping
is
the expected
failure mode for lower strenqth
bolts,
while
nut stripping
tan be expected
for bolts of
higher property classes.
Table

7-

Minimum

-Proof load
stress of the
nut

Property
class of
the nut

04
~-----05

8
8.1

bolt stress
occurs

when

stripping

Miniitrum stress in the core of

holt when stripping occurs
PJ/mm*

dh= d DU

N /mm*

380
_ -~--500

Test methods
Proof

load test
"1 Dll

The proof load test shall be used wherever

the capacity of available
testing equipment
permits,
and
shall be the referee method for sizes > M5.

Figure

The nut shall be assembled

on a hardened
and
threaded
tesl mandrel
as shown in figures 1 and 2.
For referee purposes,
the axial tensile test is decisive.
The proof load shall be applied against the nut in an
axial direction,
and shall be held for 15 s. The nut
shall resist the load without failure by stripping
or
rupture, and shall be removable
by the fingers after
the load is released.
lf the thread of the mandrel
is
damaged
during the test, the test should
be discarded.
(lt may be necessary
to use a manual
wrench to Start the nut in motion. Such wrenching
is
permissible
provided that it is restricted
to one half
turn and that the nut is then removable
by the fingers.)
The hardness
minimum-

of the test

mandrel

shall

1 -

Axial

tensile

test

Load

Har

35
n
-c

_..._

i-----

be 45 tiRC

Mandrels
used shall be threaded
to tolerante
class
5h6g except that the tolerante
of the major diameter

is takon from tSO~2.

Figure 2 - Axial compressive

test

ISO 898-2:1992(E)

8.2

Hardness

The RockweIt
hardness
test shall
accordance
with the requirernents

test

For t-outine inspection,

hardness
tests shall be carried out on one bearing surface of the nut and the
hardness
shall be taken as the mean of three values
spaced 121Y apart. In case of dispute, the hardness
tests shali be carried out on a longitudinal
section
through the nut axis and with impressions
placed as
close as possible
to the nominal
major diameter
of
the nut thread.
The Vickers
hardness
test is the referee test, and
where practicabte
a Load of HV 30 shall be applied.
if Brineil and Rockweil
the conversion
tables
shall be used.
The Vickers
accordance

hardness
tests at-e appiied,
in accordance
with ISO 4964

hardness
test shall
wi1.h the requirements

The Brinell hardness

test shall
cot-dance with the rcquit-ements

be Garried out
of ISO 6507-1.

in

be carried out in acof ISO 6506.

8.3

Surface

integrity

For the surface

9
9.1

test

integrity

test, see ISO 6157-2.

Marking
Symbols

Marking

9.2

be carried out in
of ISO 6508.

sytnbols

are shown

in tables

ldentification

Hexagon
nuts of threads
> M5 and all property
classes
shall be marked
in accordance
with the
designation
System described
in clause 3, by indenting
on the side or bearing
surface,
or by
embossing
on the chamfer.
See figures
3 and 4.
Embossed
marks
shall not protrude
beyond
the
bearing surface of the nut.

Marking dot my
by mmufai;tr~rers

Figure 3 -

Exampies of marking with designation

Symbol

8 and 9.

Figure 4 -

he replaced
mark here

Examples of marking with code Symbol

(clock-face

System)

dot cannot

or Code symbol
jciock-face
System j

) The marking

2
83

.-c
e
2
z
.I

be replaced

Table

8-

symbols

Tabie

9-

class

properQ

property

for nuts with

mark.

Marking

Propefty

/
L

1
l
ji

jI

t8
1
1

for nuts with

iWarking

by the manuiacturers

!
1

Marking
T
I
I
$

classes

classes

in accordance

in accordance

3.2

3.1

with

with

10

IO

i
/
1

t
l
:l
1
l

12

12)

ISO 898-2:1992(E)

9.3

Marking

of left-hand

Nuts with ieft-hand

in figure 5 on one
denting.

thread

thread shall be marked as shown

beat-ing surface of the nut by in-

1) s - width across fjats.

Figure

9.4
Figure

5 -

Left-band

thread

is reguired

for nuts with threads

The alternslive
marking
for Iefl-hand
in figure6 may also he used.

> MS.

thread

Alternative

Alternative

left-hand

thread

marking

marking

Alternative
or optional
permittcd
marking
as stated
in 9.1 to 9.3 is left to the choice of the manufacturer.

marking

9.5

Marking

6 -

shown

Trade

(identification)

marking

The trade (identification)

marking
of the manufacturer is mandatory
on all products
covered
by the
marking
requirements
for
property
obligatory
classes,
provided
this is possible
for technical
reahowever,
shall be marked
in all
sons. Packages,
cases.

11

ISO 898-2:1992(E)

Annex A
(informative)
Loadabiiity
(Explanatory

of boltkd

note concerning
the specifications
of Technical
reaardina
nut strength and nut design-)
%J

In the case of bolts

cates:
minirnum
tcnsile
stress ratio.

and screws,
strengt.h

the symbol

and yield

indi-

to ultimate

EXAMPLE
Property

class

8.8

First figure
(8 in 8.8) = l/lOO of the
mininium
tensile strength,
in newtons per
Square millimetre.
Second figure (If8 in 8.8) = IO times
yield stress ratio (0,8).

the

Multiplication
of
these
two
figures
(8 x 8 = 64), == l/lO of the minimurn
yield
stress, in newtons per Square millimetre.
b) In the case of nuts:
designation
number
tensile
strength,
in
melre, of a bolt and
with the nut, tan be
yield stress.

= l/lOO of the minimum

newtons
per Square
miiiiscrew, which, when rnated
loaded up to the minimum

EXAMPLE
Roll or screw

8.8 -

nut 8

connection
loadablc
up to
stress of the holt or screw.

12

Committee

ISO/TC

Following
the introduction
of the ISO Recommendation
on property
classes
for bolts and screws
(lSO/R 898~1:1968),
an ISO Recommendation
on
property
classes
for nuts (ISO/R 898-2) was published
in 1969. These
ISO Recommendations
together
produced
a new System for the property
classes
of bolts, screws and nuts, and, in conjunction with new rnarking
requit-ements,
provided
a
clear Statement
of the loadability
of a bolt-nut assetnbly.
a)

connections

minimum

yield

Following
publication
dations,
this System
introduced
worldwide
cess.

of both
ISO Recommenof property
classes
has been
and has proved to be a suc-

In 1973 the Sub-Comtnittee

SC 1 of lSO/TC 2 commenced
revision
of the BO Recommendations
on
the basis of experience
gathered
and also planned
to convert
both Recommendations
into ISO Standards.
In 1974, a draft lSO/DlS 898-1 on property
classes for bolts and screws was pubiished,
incorporating
certain
modifications
and Supplements.
which, however,
did not Change the System of the
property
classes
in principle.
This draf? was then
revised once more. A second draft was prepared
in
1977 and has since been adopted by a Iarge majority
of the member
bodies of ISO. While considerable
effort was required
to develop thoroughly
this draft
concerning
property
classes for bolts and screws, it
was finally resolved
to %Z
;
s;aZisiaction of the interested
countries
within
Sub-Committee
SC 1 of
iSO/TC 2 and now is aqreed to by ISO. More extenthe substance
of the
sive by far, and touching
specifications,
was the work on a revised Version of
the ISO Recommendation
ISO/R 898-2 and its conversion into an ISO Standard on property classes for
nuts.
Experience
had shown that, while the concept
of
property
classes in conjunction
with a norninaI 0,81.)
nut height
is simple
and straightforward,
certain
practical
difficuities
arise. First, it is sometimes
difficult or impossible
to achieve specified
nut properlies
with
the
most
econornical
materials
and
methods,
for example
with fine threads and certain
sizes of coarse threads.
Secondly,
compliance
with
the requirernents
does not necessarily
provide the
assurance
that the assembly
would resist thread
stripping
during tightening.
Previously
it was considered adequate
if the nut proof load was designed
equal to the holt minimum
ultirnate
strength,
however, the advent of yield Point tightening
methods
and improved
understanding
of the interaction
between nut and bolt threads showed the nuts required
re-design
to provide greater resistance
to stripping
of both the internai and extemal
threads.

ISO 8984:1992(E)

For exampie,
consider
that Ihe effective
tensile
strength
of a holt of class 8.8 rnay be belween
800 N/mm2 and about 965 N/mrn (determined
froni
the maximum
hardness)
in sizes up to M16. Consequently
the yicld
stress
may
range
between
640 N / m m * and 772 N/mnI* for a vield to ultimate
stress
ratio of 80 9/0. With the uie of yield point
tighteninq
it will be Seen that the tightening
stress
approaches
Zhe proof stress. Recent research
has,
in addition,
shown tlIat a nut tested with a hardened
mandreI is capable of susfaining
a higher ioad before strippitIg
than when tested with a boit of the
appropriate
property ctass. For exampie,
a property
class 8 nut when tesled with a mandrel
of 45 HRC
will be capable of approxirnately
IO o/o higher load
than when lested with a properiy
ctass 8.8 bolt of
dimensions
simitar 10 the mandrel.
Therefore.
a nut
that just meets a proof stress of 800 N/mn? with a
hardened
mandret might only be expected t.o sustain
a load of approxirnately
720 N/mm* when mated with
a property
class 8.8 holt of minimum
dimensions.
lt
will be Seen that stt- ippi ng of fl1e t h read S may occu t
when t ightening
fr0 st ress es in excess 0 f ttIis, and
frorn the boit rnechanicai
pro pert ies it will be seen
that this could he a frequent
acc u t-ren ce with yieid
point tightening.
lt might be aryued,
however,
thal:
under torque tension toading the tensile strengtlI
of
the holt is reduced by about 15 %G, bu1 it shoutd also
be realized
that the stripping . strenylhI
of the assembly is also reduced by almost the Same amount
under tot-q ue te nsion loading.
In addition to t.he infroduc tian
of yield
tighfening
mettIods,
Point
changes
in certain ISO Standards
were under consideration
that would
also adversely
affect ttiis
stripping
tendency.
Upgrading
of bolt and screw
mechanical
properlies
was pt-oposed
as shown in
iabie A.? (which is an excerpt
from ISO 898-l), the
pur-pose of which was to utilize futly the availabte
strength of the commonly
used materiats
for grades
4.8, 5.8, 8.8 (above M16), 10.9 and 12.9.

Another
proposed
Change u nder consideration
at
this tin Ie wa s 1.0 reduce ttIe wid ttI across fl ats of
certain stzes of h exagon prod ucts to provide economies through
optimized
materiat
use. As a resutt
of these and other factors, certain mernber countries
(Canada, Germany,
NettIertands,
Sweden, UK, USA)
of Sub-Cornmittee
SC 1 of tSO/TC 2 conducted
research and extensive
testing of nut-bott assen-ibties.
Tests
inciuded
a fuit va riety of prod uct sizes,
streng fl7 ieveis and nIate riais. in qeneral,
test s were
x
conducted
on typical production
fasteners
utiiizing
Standard
matet-ials.
Test Parts were
accurately
measured
for dimensions
and material
stt-ength
which then aiiowed appropriate
statisticai
inferpretation of the data. Results of the various invesfigaiors
were evaluated
by Canada a n d fo u n d to corre t ate
Welt. A yeneral
series
of for m jtae res\ rttcd t.hat
\
could be apptied to predict the assembly
strength
of threaded
components
with ihe ISO 68 basic
thread
p rofi t e. These
fi nd i n qL s were

discussed
within Sub-Committee
the various national committees.

SC I as wetl

as in

Despite
the initial retuctance
of the committee
to
permit changes
in existing
specifications,
the test
prograrnme
clearly
indicated
that there was inadequate
resistance
to assembly
stripping,
brought
about Iargely by the improved
tightening
methods
and upgrading
of mechanicat
properties.
The problem was both one of boit thread stripping
and nut
thread stripping,
and, as a result, it was conciuded
ttIat the mosf viable means of overcoming
the problern was by increasing
.the nominal 0,811 nut height
where required.
It is not the purpose of this annex
.to provide
a detailed
description
of the tests conducted and the nut design method
devetoped,
for
which the reader is referred to the foilowing
pubiication which provides a summary
of resuits and the
nIcltIod employed:
Armlysis
and Design of Threaded
Assemblies,
E.M. Atexander,
1977 SAE Transactions, Paper No. 770420.
The caicuiation
for nuts of proper-ty ciasses 4 to 6
according
to ttIe Alexander
theory was not based on
tiIe maximum
bolt hardness
250 HV, as given in
ISO 898-1, see tabie A.l, because this is a tlardness
which may occur at the boit end or ttIe head oniy.
Therefore
it was agreed to make caicuiations
on the
basis of the effective
maximunI
hardnesses
within
the thread engagement
part of the holt, which are
\qiven in table A.2.
Simiiar
graduated
hardness
in ISO/R 898-1:1968.

vaiues

were

specified

The above work showed

that many factors
influenced resistance
of the stripping
of threads,
inciuding folerances,
pitch, beit mouthing
of nut minor
dianIeter,
size of countersink
in nut, relative strengfh
of nut threads to bolt threads, tength of engagemenf,
width across
fiats of nut, and styie (for exampte
hexagon
flange),
coefficient
of friction,
number
of
ttIreads in the grip, etc. Analysis of the various sizes
of fasteners
on this basis indicated
.that it was not
appropriate
to have a fixed nominal
nut height, for
exampte
0,811 as before, but rather each Standard
assembiy
shouid be designed
to give a suitable
resistance
to stripping.
The resuit of this anaiysis
gives the nut heights shown in table A-3.
It will be Seen that .there are two stytes of nut,
approximateiy
10 % highetthan
styie 2 being
styie 1. Styie 1 height
is intended
for property
ciasses 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 (up to M16) in conjunction with appropriate
mechanical
propel-ties,
while
style 2 dimensions
are intended
for use with property ciasses 8, 9 and 12, also with appropriate
meThe higher
style of nut was
chanicat
properties.
primarily
developed
as an economical
cold-formed
nut to be used with property
class 9.8 boits and
screws and it also provides
suitabte dimensions
for
a heat-treatabte
nut of good ductility
for use with
property
class 12.9 botts and screws. The intended

13

ISO 898-2:1992(E)

applications
of the two styles of nuts at-e detaiied in
table 5, ft-om which it is seen that this additional
style
of nut does not mean that dual stocking of pst-t geometry will result.

The values of table 5 are only related to nuts with

coarse thread.
The Same applies
also to the test
loads given in table 1. For t-Us with fine pitch tht-ead,
see ISO 898-6.

An overlapping
between style 1 and style 2 occurs
only in two cases. In the case of style 1, property
not
of nuts,
class 8 allows
the
employment
quenched
and tempered
(cold-worked
low-carbon
steel) only up to and including
M?6; above M16 the
nut style 1 has to be quenched
and tempered.
However, it is possible
in this case to use alternatively
the thicker.
not quenched
and tempered,
style 2.
This is a question of economics
in the final analysis.
In the case of property class 12, it is not appropriate
to use style 1 nuts above size M16. Due to the required proof foads, it would be necessary
to raise
the hardness
of the nut to such an extent that its
ductility,
which
is necessary
from the functional
Point of view, would be impaired.
Hence, the thicker
style 2 nuts quenched
and tempered
are necessary
in this case. If necessary,
it would be possible
to
restritt
the use of these nuts to sizes above M16, so
that
then
no overlapping
between
style 1 and
style 2 would occur in the case of property class 12.

The loads given in table 1 at-e based on a test

mandrel
as specified
in this part of ISO 898 with a
minimum
hardness
of 45 HRC and thread tolerante
of 5h6g (major diameter
of 6g in the last quarter).
ISO 898-1 and this part of ISO 898 on mechanical
properties,
ISO 4014 to ISO 4018 on hexagon
bolts
and screws, and ISO 4032 to ISO 4036 on hexagonal
nuts have been published
reflecting
the revised
mechanical
properties,
changes
in nut heights and
changes
in width across flats (width across flats of
MIO, M12, M14 and M22 revised to 16 mm, 18 r-nm,
21 t-nm and
34 mm
respectively
fror-n 17 mm,
19 mm, 22 mm and 32 mm) as recommended
by
ISO/TC 2.
This part of ISO 898 makes the following
Statement
concerning
the property
classes
for nuts with full
loadability:
A bolt or screw of a particuiatpropet-ty class assernbled
with the equivalent
pt-operty
class of
nut, in accordance
with table 2, is intended
to
provide an assembly
capable of being tiqhtened
to achieve
a bolt tension
equivalent
to ihe bolt
proof Load or yield load without
stripping.
Additionally,
geometry
and mechanical
proper-ties
of nuts up to M39 and property
class 12 of 6H
thread tolerantes
are designed
to pt-ovide fot- a
high deqree of t-c-tskpl,~nee lo sirlpping
(at least
IO % b&t breakage
of individual
lots even under
adverse
minimum
material
conditions)
when inadvertently
overtorqued,
in ot-der to warn the
user- that the installation
practice
is not appropriate.

Once nut dimensions

were determined
based on
assembly
strength
criteria, the proof loads of these
nuts with a restricted
size hardened
rnandrel were
determined.
The t-esult was that Stresses
under
proof load were not constant for each property class
of nut brit varied
with size. Accordingly,
table 5
Shows revised Stresses under proof load and hardness values for nuts. The property
classes 04 and
05 (previousiy
06) for hexagon lhin nuts with resultare also indicated
in this taant reduced loadability
ble. These nuts incidentally
were not designed
to
provide resistance
to stripping and are simply based
on a fixed height of 0,61).
Phe stresses
under proof load given in table 5 are fot
the Standard tolerante
of 6H usually applied to nuts
for mechanical
fasteners.
Where a Iarger tolerante
or allowance
is applied,
these Stresses
should be
modified
by a factor as shown in table 1.

Table
3.6
Property

Tensile
Tensile
strength,

class

num.

A,

Pl /m r-r-+

---.------min.

4.6

300

400

330

400

_--------_-__----.---____-------_- ------ ---- --- -, --- --- _-_--, -_-__~_

Vickers
ness

34

hard-

max.

A.1 -

Property

classes

4.8

5.6

5.8

_--___-_--.---__.
400
--------------~259
tIV250
tiv
II ---

.-.-----------,-.----w-e
.--

, 250 t IV

I 250 t iV

Certain users of the referenced

Standards could not!
of necessity,
participate
in their detailed
development and it is hoped that this explanatory
note will
provide
increased
understanding
of this reIatively
complicated
subject.

490
400
590
- ------.---_-~-_.-------~
-.---__--__~
420

500
500

and screws

600

500

0.8

8.8

6.8
< M16

> M16

800

800

900

-_____I_____
520
520

.-__ __._~__
____.____._-_
.---__._-__
- ___.____._-_ -l 250 t-w
t-iV l 259 I-iV

for bolts

250 tiv
HV

------.---_-~ --.__.____
-___-~~
__-__-_
800
830
900
900
600
-.--.------.--.------, ._-----.-----..---------_-_----- ----+- --__
-~-250 t-iV l 320 tiv
tiV

l 335 t-w
t-W

10.9

1 000

------_-___

1 200
.--_--.<

1 040
1 220
220
-..
-..---_---_-I_- ------_--____- -.-.

I 360 tiv
t iV I 380 t-W
---.

12.9

435 t-iV
HV

ISO 898-2:1992(E)

Table A.2 - Effective

maximum
hardness within
engagement
part of the bolt

thread
Praperty

class

Maximum

3.6

158 HV
180 I-IV

5.6; 5.8

220 HV

6.8

250 HV

A.3 -

Heights

hardness

4.6; 4.8

Table

the

nuts

of hexagon

Nut height
_______-_

Width

Thread

across

w---_--_I_e_------

flats

---

Styie
___-..--

__~_

max.

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

44

498

51

10
-. ---- _----~~.-

4.9

11

6,14

0,94
__-- --------~-~

477

-~-__-------

MIO
_.I __-.__-_--_--_~_.

___~__

30

8,94

9,30

0,93
.----.----

15,l

15,8
--_--_-.---__---

34
--.----~----I-36

46
____- -~-----------

---_--

20,2

21,5
_____ -y._------"l--p-

0,90

23,8

0,88
-0,85
---.,

25,6

24,3
-~27,4
._-. ---- -----

28,7
_-_~--

29,4

31,0

__-__--_-__------_-.-__- - _----_._----_----. ___

______
-___.-.-_---._.-.-.
-- _-___
60

19,0

0,8R
20,5
__~---_--_--_L-----.-.-~-

--

31,8

33,4

l,oo

14,l
-----..

20,3
--- - --

1,02
0,98
._-.
1,02
-----

21,8

0,93

23,9
-------------

l,oo

26,7

0,99

28,6
m---.---p

0,95

32,5

0,98
-- _~_____~

22,6
25,4
,,_-----..--------P
27,3
~-

1,Ol

16,4
--..-----.---P-u

16,9
17,6
-__--..-..-w-----v

19,4
___---

---~

55

0,90
P-----P-

12,00

13,4
--

15,7
_-_--__-

0,88

1,03
_--~-__.

18,l

22,5

41

50
l_-l~------_-r_

18,0
_-,-____

0,92
_.____----.

7,20
---

11,57

l4,8

16,9

M30
___- -.-------_--

M39

0,94

-.------

14,l

- -~ ---

.--_l_---

M36

7,50
.~------~---

0,91

M27
_- ___-_-__---.---~.---

M33

7,14
_I__

12,8
Ip--._---------

27
_-.___~------_

M24

0,85

0,90

12,l

a,.--

6,84
--

IO,80
__p--e..---

- ----- ---

0,95

5,7

0,93
---_-PP-

18

10,37

1,02

8,40
0,84
__._-__ __-._J------_ ,_I-_----------I_----.----

Ml6
24
_-____.___
--_ .-- ._--_---- .-- ___-___I----I_~---_

..__~-

594

16
8,04
__-_ -._---_-.-. ---- ._--"---------

21

M22

0,87
~_-~-I_-----_-

6,80

rn/ Zl

-----

---

_-~----

M20

6,50
___~

6,44

_~ __.______-_
- -...- --.-----

M18

572
-___-

13

M8
_~_I-.-_--.-.------.I

Ml4

----

min.

M7

_-___
^____
-------.- ---.

---

max.

_-~_-

M12

-----

styk? 2

min.

MS
M6
___._-_----~._-_-_~-_

---P--P

0,87
-------

30,9

0,136
__ .___-_ ------

33,l
--.--.-PI

34,7
---- ----.-

0,96
- _----~--

35,9

37,5

0,9G

-_.-

0,86

PP

15

ISO 898-2:1992(E)

Annex B
(informative)
Bibliography
Corrosion-resistan
-- Specifications.

[l--j

ISO 3506:1979,
steel fasteners

[2]

ISO 4014:1988, Hexagon

grades A and B.

head

bolts

s tainless

[5]

Hexaqon
..

head

bolts

ISO 4017:1988, Hexagon

uct grades A and B.

head

screws

Prod-

head screws - Prod-

[8]

ISO 4033:1979, Hexagon

grades A and B.

nuk,

style 2 -- Producf

[9]

ISO 40341986,
C.

nuts

Hexagorj

[ IJ ISO 4035:1986, Hexagon

thin
-- Product grades
A and B.
L
[ 1 l]

16

Hexagon

nuts, sfyle

Product

ISO 4018:1988,
uc t grade C.

ISO 40323986, Hexagon

grades A and 8.

-- Product

ISO 4015:1979, Hexagon head bolts ~ Product

grade 8 -- Reduced hanh (slw?k diameler
approximately
egual to pitch diameter-).
ISO 4016:1988,
grade C.

[S]

ISO 4036:1979, Hexagon

grade B (urhamfered}.

thin

I -- Product

Product

nuts

nuts

grade

(chamfered)

Product

This page intentionally

left blank

ISO 898-2:1992(E)

-----PP- .-__l-_<-_-----

. . .--.----

_--

--

-----.---

.--.I__-

-----I-M---

p-w--

.-----

----*-.-------.-

--

_.------

-___

_ ____l_-_l_l.

---._--_--.-

----

------------~
- ----.~-

-.--

----_-.--

UDC 621.882.3
Descriptm:

Fastwem,

twtc; (fastenws),

F)rice based on 16 pagcs

---~---.----~I_..--.~-----.-. ------------------

-- -_----_-~__

coarse

threads,

-.--__
- --__-,
___.__
--- -___
___-____

specifications,

mechanical

w-v_._~--------.__
______-____.__

properties,

_.__ :Le

tests,

designation,

rrvuking.

-----..---------~----=_ll__l--.---.-------- -------_I----..---

_--------

_.--