Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Ioana Bordeianu
Camelia Buditeanu
Andrea Clugria
Ileana Catina
Ileana Chersan
Ctlina Harabagiu-Dimitrescu
Amalia Niu
Gabriela erbnoiu
ENGLISH
for
MODERN POLICING
A practical English language
course for law-enforcement
students and professionals.
STUDENTS BOOK
TEXTBOOK UNITS
UNIT 1
Descriptions
UNIT 8
Policing the Multicultural Society
UNIT 2
Crime and Punishment
UNIT 9
Trafficking in Human beings
UNIT 3
Criminal Investigations
UNIT 10
Dealing with Vehicle Crime
Ctlina Harabagiu-Dimitrescu,
Centrul de Studii Postuniversitar,
Bucureti
UNIT 4
Crime, investigation and social
relevance
UNIT 11
Countering Terrorism
Mark Roberts, British Council, Romnia
UNIT 5
Crime in Society: Domestic
Violence and Violence against
Women
UNIT 12
Computer Crime, Fraud and
Economic Crime
Mark Roberts, British Council, Romnia
Ctlina Harabagiu-Dimitrescu,
Centrul de Studii Postuniversitare,
Bucureti
UNIT 6
Crime in Society: Child Abuse
UNIT 13
Combatting Organised Crime
UNIT 7
Women: For Better and For
Worse
UNIT 14
Criminology
UNIT 1
DESCRIPTIONS
INTRODUCTION
Police officers will, on many occasions in their service, either be required to describe a person or
obtain a description.
Think about the topic. Discuss the following questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is a description?
Why do we use descriptions in police work?
What should you pay particular attention to when compiling a description of a person?
When compiling a description of property what details should you pay particular
attention to?
5. Are there any special skills required for police officers in producing a reliable and
accurate description of things which they have seen?
Activity 1
Think about the members of your class. Try to describe one of them so accurately that all
the others in the class would identify that person from your description. The following
checklist may be of help to you- but obviously you do not mention his/her name yet!
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Activity 2
Grammar: Order of adjectives
1. She has got curly blond long hair.
2. He is wearing a long black leather jacket.
3. He is a middle aged short man.
4. He is driving a black small car.
Whats wrong with these sentences?
This is generally the correct order of adjectives:
Size
Style/pattern
Colour/material
(Noun)
grey
brown
grey
short
cotton
blue
short
large
woolen
silk
striped
dark
straight
round
long
floral
blouse
four-door
hair
eyes
sweater
dress
short-sleeved
saloon
Activity 3
Translate the following text into English:
Martorul incidentului a declarat ofierului anchetator c l-a vzut pe cel care a tras dou focuri de
arm asupra victimei. El a descris suspectul dup cum urmeaz:
Suspectul era un brbat alb, de talie mijlocie, n vrst de aproximativ 30 de ani. Avea prul
negru tuns scurt i musta. Purta un tricou de culoare deschis i pantaloni negri. Dup atac s-a
urcat ntr-o main alb, model japonez, cred, i a prsit locul faptei n vitez. Asta-i tot ce mi
amintesc.
Activity 4
Reading
OPERATION GRANGER
Detectives investigating a series of serious indecent assaults in Havant and Hayling Island know
that at least two were carried out by the same man.
And the methods used in the other incidents- between December 1999 and July 2000- suggest
that he could also have been responsible for at least three others.
A major inquiry team has been set up to investigate the assaults, and DNA evidence has shown
there is a positive link between two of the attacks on a 51-year- old woman between Havant
and Emsworth and on a 13- year- old girl in a Hayling Island church yard.
Detectives are especially keen to find the perpetrator before he strikes again because his attacks
are becoming progressively more violent and showing signs of more planning.
In the most recent attack on Friday, July 7, 2000, at 7.50pm a 15- year- old girl was cycling
home north along the disused Hayling Billy railway line, now a public footpath. As she reached
West Lane she heard someone on the path behind her. Thinking it was a jogger or walker she
made way for them to pass, but instead she was grabbed from behind by a man.
The attacker threatened to kill her if she struggled and tried to drag her into the bushes at the side
of the footpath. But the girl managed to fight her way free and screamed for help, frightening the
man off.
The terrified girl was then able to cycle to a petrol station and phoned the police. She has been
able to describe the man who attacked her as follows:
White
Clean shaven
5ft 7ins tall
Short grey to fair hair
Physically weak
Wearing a black woollen hat
Long sleeved dark coloured top and jogging bottoms
Gloves
She has also helped detectives piece together a CD-fit image of the attacker.
This attack bears all the hallmarks of at least four other incidents since December 1999 and
another reported prowler incident could also have been the work of this man. Based on the
victims statements, the composite description of the man responsible for their ordeals is that he
is:
Aged 35 to 55 years
5ft 5 in to 5ft 8in tall
Slim to slight build
Described by all the victims as physically weak
Reasonably deep voice
Smelled very strongly of cigarettes
In four out of the five attacks he wore gloves.
In the May attack, -the only one in daylight he wore a dark blue sweatshirt or, possibly a blue
jacket with side pockets, and pale blue or possibly white trousers or jeans.
Police officers want to hear from anyone who recognise the description.
Exercise 1
Decide which statements are true and which are false. Write T if you think the statement is
true and F if you think it is false.
1. Detectives are investigating a series of indecent exposure cases.
2. DNA evidence has shown there is no positive link between two of the attacks.
3. A 15-year-old girl was cycling home
4. She was grabbed by the hand.
5. The attacker dragged her into the bushes at the side of the footpath.
6. The victim drove off to a petrol station and phoned the medical services.
7. The girl described the man as being black, short but strong, wearing light coloured clothes.
Exercise 2
Choose the right word from the list above to complete the text :
INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM
To all Station Commanders
The Serious Crimes Squad is requesting the assistance of your office in ____1______ four
suspects ____2_____ for the shooting of a Turkish businessman at the Palace Hotel in Bucharest.
The members of our Squad are in the process of ____3_____ the pictures of the alleged shooters
based on descriptions ____4_____ by witnesses. Using ____5___ from police criminal records
weve found no one _____6_____ the offenders____7_____.
Photocopy pictures of the suspects will be made available to you as soon as possible.
Should your officers locate any of the suspects, report location immeadiately. Do not attempt to
apprehend . Suspects are to be considered ___8____ and ___9___.
Thank you for your assistance in this matter and if you have any further questions please do not
hesitate to contact our investigating officers.
Exercise 3
Use a verb from the left and a noun phrase from the right, make phrases describing police
activities. You can use the verbs with more than one phrase. Make up sentences of your
own.
Investigate
Conduct
Collect
Take (to)
Attend
Give
Arrange
Search (for)
Check
Interview
Describe
evidence
identification parade
crime scene examination
investigation
police files
suspects
witnesses
crimes
prints
emergency call
information
Exercise 4
Put in the correct prepositions:
POLICE BUILD PICTURE _1__ ALLEGED TERRORIST WHOSE CHOICE _2__
CAR WAS BASED _3__ SIZE _4__ BOOT
A saleswoman who sold the car used __5_ the Ealing bombing _6_ a suspected member _7__ the
Real IRA cell behind the attack said the man had chosen the vehicle _8__ the biggest boot.
Speaking yesterday as police issued an e-fit _9__ the man believed to have bought the car, the
woman said the man had paid _10__ cash and it had taken only 20 minutes _11__ him first
seeing the car untill he drove away _12__ it.
The five-door grey Saab turbo was bought __13__ the car lot _14__ Ilford, Esseex, _15__ July
19, two weeks before the explosion __16__ Ealing, west London, last week which injured 11
people.
The e-fit shows a white man _17__ his mid-30s, 5ft 10in _18__ 5ft 11in tall and _19__ slim
build. He has straight blond hair and a pitted face which suggests he suffered _20___ acne
__21__ some time. The man has a slightly dimpled chin and speaks _22__ a soft Irish accent.
After buying the car he asked directions _23__ the A46, known _24__ Londoners as the north
circular road, suggesting he was not local.
Re-read the text and translate it into Romanian.
Use all information in the text to fill in the Police Report at the end of this unit.
Activity 6
Injuries - vocabulary
To receive/sustain injuries
Minor/ serious/ injuries
Slightly injured
Severely injured
Killed
Deaths fatalities
Casualities
Wounding to wound
Stab to stab
Concussion to concuss
Bruise bruising
Shotgun wound
Exercise 5
Translate the following sentences into Romanian:
Two police officers received serious injuries while attemting to quell a disturbance outside a
town centre discotheque.
1) The post mortem examination revealed that death had been caused by a single shotgun
wound to the head.
2) The victim of the assault complained that he had two broken ribs and bruising to his head
and back.
3) The murderer stabbed his victim in the heart with a kitchen knife.
4) No casualities were reported in last weeks accident but the driver was treated for severe
concussion
5) The gunman shot his victim once in the chest.
Activity 7
LISTENING
MISSING FATHER AND SON
Before listening
Discuss the following questions with a partner:
1. Why do people go missing?
2. What do you do if you are concerned about a missing person?
3. Are there any specific requirements in reporting a missing person to the
police?
4. Is there a national service or helpline one can apply to when there is a longterm absence or where there is cause for concern?
5. What problems are associated with finding persons who go missing?
6. Give your own opinions (speculate) as to what may happen to a missing
person.
In such cases, it is common to speculate about where a person may be now or what may have
happened to her.
So we can speculate about the present using
May/might +infinitive
May/might be +.ing ( may be holding; might be keeping her prisoner; might be
working)
Or about the past using
May/might have + past participle
May/might have been + past participle (PASSIVE)
Examples
She/he may be with her/his relatives in countryside.(PRESENT)
Someone may have abducted her/him (PAST) and may be keeping her/him
hostage.
During listening
Make notes while listening to the tape. Write down all important details.
After listening
You have just listened to a police report. Use the notes you have made to answer the
following questions.
1. How old is the missing son?
2. Since when have the pair been missing?
3. What is the prime concern of the police?
4. How tall is Simon ( the father)?
Activity 9
Try to describe the two persons photographed here.
POLICE REPORT
1. Person reporting:
Address:
Complainant:
Address:
Incident as Reported
Reported To:
2.Where Committed
House No.
3.When committed
At/ Between
and
If M/Vehicle Used
Show Reg. No. (or Part)
Age
Time& Date
Name of premises
Street
District or Town
Time
Day Date
Month
(24hrs)
Sex
Year
No.of
witnesses
Description of Suspect/Offender
Dress
Marks
Smart
Tattoos
Casual
Scar
Sporting
Deformity
Hair
colour
balck
1 local
brown
2 north
ginger
3 south
blonde
white
grey
bald
dyed
unknown
4
5
6
7
8
9
Reported
Sex
C.R.O.No.
Scruffy
Other
identifying
marks
Accent
Scots
Welsh
Irish
foreign
unknown
Suspected
DOB
Vagrant
Age
group
1 school
age
2 young
Age
Range
1 under
12yrs
2 12-13yrs
3 middle
age
4 old
5
6
7
8
9
14-16yrs
4
5
6
7
8
9
17-20yrs
21-29yrs
30-39yrs
40-49yrs
50-59yrs
60yrs&
over
Wanted
VICINITY OF SCENE
Local residents
Tradesmen
Passers by
Suspected persons
Suspected vehicles
Unusual telephone
calls
Periodic visits
Photo-fit shown
Liaison
C.R.O.
Crime Int.
P.N.C.
Date
Officer
UNIT 2
Activity 1
Discussion
1. Why do we have rules and laws? Why do people follow them? Why do people break them?
2. Is ignorance of the law an excuse? Why (not)?
3. A policeman on duty kills a criminal while defending a victim? Has the officer committed any
crime?
4. What is crime? Take two minutes to write a possible definition for crime.
5. There is more crime than there used to be. Do you agree? Why (not)?
6. You are innocent until proven guilty! Why do you think miscarriages of justice still occur?
7. Where can you find the following signs? What do they tell you?
WARNING
NO
TRESPASSING
ZONE
NO DUMPING
ALLOWED
30
Perpetrators will be
prosecuted
$500 FINE
Activity 2
What effects do you imagine the following have had on crime?
1. the invention of gunpowder
6. war
2. the creation of police
7. the discovery of fingerprints
3. street lighting
8. cars
4. employment in factories
9. the colour of mans skin/religion
5. the payment of police
10. the welfare state
Activity 3
Look at the spidergram below and say what effect each of these factors has on the crime rate
and why.
Alcoholism/drugs
Severity of
punishment
Social values
CRIME RATE
Individual
morality
Police/other
prevention
Poverty
Activity 4
Writing
Crime is on the increase. Offer some possible solutions. Use the following phrases in an essay of
around 200 words.
It is my firm belief that...
One way to combat crime would be...
The result of this would be ...
Furthermore...
Due to the fact that...
Activity 5
Crimes
b) achievement
b) itself
b) harm
b) this
b) both
b) possibility
b) just
b) that
b) current
b) guy
b) liable
b) urging
b) although
c) accomplishment
c) they
c) wrong
c) c) too
c) step
c) a few
c) whether
c) existing
c) killer
c) sentenced
c) beating
c) however
d) finalisation
d) themselves
d) worse
d) of
d) still
d) action
d) mere
d) therefore
d) present
d) shot
d) exonerated
d) interrupting
d) as well
Activity 6
Crimes against the person
Crimes against the person are serious offences. However the law protects the defendant by
defining the various levels of these crimes and by considering the circumstances of each offence.
Using dictionaries and working in pairs, give definitions to the following crimes.
assault, battery, homicide, murder, first-degree murder,
second-degree murder, voluntary manslaughter,
grievous bodily harm,
involuntary manslaughter, abduction,
slander, libel, hate crime
Share your results with the class. One has been done for you.
Hate crime is defined as "the violence of intolerance and bigotry, intended to hurt and intimidate
someone because of their race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or
disability."
(Community Relations Service, 1997)
N.B. In the texts, some of the crimes are specific to the American legal system, some to the
English. The two systems have different terminology, the more serious crimes in the US
system are called felonies and the less serious are called misdemeanors. There are different
terms for specifc crimes, too, e.g. larceny (US) is divided into petty and grand. In English
law, the crime is theft.
Activity 7
arson, burglary, computer crime, embezzlement, extortion, forgery, mugging, receiving stolen
property, robbery, shoplifting, unauthorised use of a motor vehicle, vandalism, theft
The category of crimes against property includes crimes in which property is damaged or cases
in which property is stolen or otherwise taken against the will of the owner.
a) is the willful and malicious burning of another persons property, whether owned by the
accused or not. If any property is burned with the intent to defraud an insurance company this is
usually a separate crime.
b) also known as malicious mischief, is the willful destruction of, or damage to, the property
of another. It includes such things as smashing telephone kiosks, breaking windows, ripping
down fences, flooding basements and breaking car aerials. Depending on its extent, it can be
either a felony or a misdemeanor in the USA.
c) is the unlawful taking of property of another with intent to steal it permanently. This crime
also includes keeping lost property when a reasonable method exists for finding the owner, or if
you keep property delivered to you by mistake..
d) is a form of theft (or larceny in US). It is the crime of taking items from a store without
paying or intending to pay for them.
e) is the unlawful taking of property or money by someone to whom it was entrusted. IN UK
it is a form of theft.
f) is the unlawful taking of property from a persons immediate possession by force or
intimidation, generally in banks, trains etc. In fact, it involves two criminal intentions: theft of
property and actual or potential physical harm to the victim
g) , popularly called blackmail, is the use of threats to obtain the property of another. Its
statutes generally cover threats to do future physical harm, destroy property or injure someones
character or reputation.
h) , originally defined as breaking and entering the dwelling of another during the night with
intent to commit a felony (commit theft UK), now includes the unauthorised entry into any
structure with the intent to commit a crime, regardless of the time of day.
i) is a crime in which a person falsely makes or alters a writing or document with intent to
defraud. It can also mean altering or erasing part of a previously signed document.
j) is a crime of receiving or buying property that you know or have reason to believe is stolen.
Knowledge that the property is stolen may be implied by the circumstances.
k) is committed when a person takes, operates, or removes a motor vehicle without consent of
the owner, including joy-riding. A passenger in a stolen car may also be guilty if that person had
reason to believe the car was being used without permission.
l) can be broadly defined as the unauthorised access to someone elses computer system. Most
of the time such action is designed to steal government or trade secrets and sell them to business
rivals or foreign governments.
m) is attacking and violently robbing a person out of doors (e.g. in a park, in a car park or in
the street).
Activity 8
Work with a partner and test each other. One person turns the page over, the other asks
questions.
e.g.
What do you call the crime of burning another persons property?
Define forgery.
Thief is a very general term. Write more specific names for a thief in each space.
THIEF
Activity 9
Listening
Listen and complete the sentences below with a word, phrase or number.
Car theft accounts for 1).. of all crimes.
Methods include 2). and equipment, and installing 3) ..
Neighbourhood Watch schemes help preventing 4). and thefts.
Crime Concern was established in 5)
In inner city areas the risk of burglary is 6). than in rural areas.
Mass shootings have resulted in a review of regulations controlling 7)..
The problem of drinking and driving is combated by measures such as 8).
Racial incidents consist in 9)..and 10).. in shops.
Activity 10
CRIME AND THE MEDIA
Explain and rewrite the headlines in detail.
4 bodies found in Camden County house; 6 arrested in drug raid nearby
Student kidnap case against bus driver on hold for mental review
Two arrested in woman's slaying
Search on for gunman in triple-killing
Robbery suspect takes hostages at California bank
Gunman Kills 2 Men; Mother, Unborn Baby Shot
Articles Hurt Search For Yates' Jurors
Life Or Death For Deputy Killer?
Five Killed In Murder-Suicide
Activity 11
QUIZ
Among people victimized while working, men are more likely than women to experience a
violent crime. True or false?
Which of the following methods is more likely to be used for killing a person? Why?
a) shooting b) hitting or kicking c) sharp instrument d) strangulation e) other
Who among the following is least/most likely to kill you? For what reasons?
a) a friend or acquaintance b) a present or former spouse or lover c) another member of your
family d) a stranger e) a terrorist
More women than men are found guilty of shoplifting. True or false?
Activity 12
Crime Fixation
We all tend to be cynical about tabloid media sensationalism, but do you realise just how much
your perceptions of crime have probably been distorted? Take a look at the table below and then
discuss on it with a partner.
Perception
Statistical Picture
Violent crime accounts for roughly a half of all Violent crime accounts for only 6% of all crime.
crime (average estimate in public responses to
NOP poll).
Young children and the elderly are the most at Those least at risk from violent attacks are young
risk from violent attack.
children and the elderly (only 2% of mugging or
beating victims are elderly).
25% of people expect to fall victim to violent
Only 1% of people ever experience violent crime.
crime.
Its dangerous to be out on the streets after
A greater number of violent attacks take place in the
dark.
home than on the street.
85% of adults believe its more dangerous for
Over the last 25 years there has been no increase in
children after dark now than when they were
child murder by strangers. The overall murder rate
young. Attack by strangers is the biggest fear
(all age groups) has been almost static over the last
(survey by Dr Barnardos childrens welfare
10 years.
agency).
There are weirdoes everywhere these days
In most cases of violence, the offender is known to
(quoted from a bystander at a child murder case, the victim, rather than fitting the stereotype of
interviewed on BBC News).
suspicious stranger or weirdo.
They (violent offenders) are all on drugs these The offender is seldom on illegal drugs, but is often
days.
drunk.
57% of women fear going out at night alone
Only a small percentage of victims of outdoor
(compared to 11% of men).
violence are female. Those most vulnerable
(statistically) are young males.
Activity 13
Punishments
1. A policeman on duty defends a victim and kills the criminal. What is he guilty of?
2. Do you agree with the death penalty? Why (not)? If you do, under what circumstances?
3. Imagine that you discover that your best friend has found a way of cheating in an important
exam which the two of you are taking soon. What would you do and why? Mention any
personal experience you may have had.
4. Should police officers carry guns? Why (not)?
What reasons can you give for choosing punishments? Select the three that seem most important
to you. Justify your choice(s).
-
Activity 14
to deter others;
to allow opportunity for rehabilitation;
to ease the burden on tax payers;
to set an example.
Sentencing
Read about the court sentences in the text and think of a crime to fit each one.
If it is someones first offence, and the crime is a small one, even a guilty person is often
unconditionally discharged. He or she is set free without punishment.
The next step up the ladder is a conditional discharge. This means that the guilty person is set
free but if he or she commits another crime within a stated time, the first crime will be taken into
account. He or she may also be put on probation, which means that regular meetings with a
social worker must take place.
A very common form of punishment for minor offences is a fine, which means that the guilty
person is sentenced to a certain number of hours of community service.
Wherever possible, magistrates and judges try not to imprison people. This costs the state
money, the countrys prisons are already overcrowded and prisons have a reputation for being
schools for crime. Even people who are sent to prison do not usually serve the whole time to
which they were sentenced. They get remission of their sentence for good behaviour.
There is no death penalty in Britain, except for treason. It was abolished for all other offences in
1969. Although public opinion polls often show a majority in favour of its return, a majority of
MPs has always been against it. For murderers, there is an obligatory life sentence. However
life does not normally mean life. A parole system operates to give prisoners, even convicted
murderers under certain circumstances, an opportunity to be released "earlier".
Activity 15
Work with a partner and discuss the following questions:
1. What purpose do prisons fulfill in current society? What purpose should they fulfill?
Comment on the points in the list below.
2. What kinds of problems do prisoners face, both while they are in jail and after they are
released?
3. Why are people sometimes tempted to take the law into their own hands? Are there any
circumstances in which this is justifiable?
Activity 16
Writing
Write a short essay- about 200 words- on punishment.
Try to use the following words and phrases:
depression, humiliation, fear of violence from guards or other inmates, contact with more
experienced and hardened criminals, drug abuse, ostracism, stigma attached to it, slip back
into his old ways, finding housing and employment, the law has failed them, a code of honour,
a blood feud, a vendetta, to take revenge on somebody
Activity 17
Appropriate sentences
Read the accounts of nine cases. The sentences have been left out. What do you think the
sentence should have been? Choose from the following:
the death penalty
1,500 years in jail
15 years in prison.
nine years
12 years
1) SAN FERNANDO, Jan. 14 - A 16-year-old boy convicted of murdering two other teen-agers
on a La Crescenta playground over about $660 worth of marijuana was sentenced today
to...
2) A former Immokalee man who has been in prison since 1996 pleaded no contest Monday to
shooting and killing another Immokalee man. Willie Barrett could have faced the death penalty if
convicted of first-degree murder in the shooting death of Henry Jean "Baby Ruth" Marshall on
Dec. 22, 1995. Instead, Collier County Circuit Judge Lauren Miller formally found him guilty of a
reduced charge of second-degree murder and sentenced him to .
3) A former baby sitter was sentenced to . for causing the death of a toddler in her care.
Tawny Sue Gunter had pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter for causing 2-year-old Billy
Deon Blankenship to fall over the side of a staircase Nov. 15, 1990, at her Concordia, Mo.,
residence. Last Nov. 15, Gunter admitted grabbing Billy in a burst of anger and causing his fall.
4) A former police officer who admitted killing his wife was sentenced in Rockland County Court
yesterday to . after appeals from his daughter for leniency and from his former motherin-law that he be jailed longer.
5) Thursday, September 06, 2001 OKLAHOMA CITY, Okla. The city's new district attorney is
pressing ahead with state murder charges against bombing conspirator Terry Nichols and is
seeking... - despite Nichols' federal conviction and the high cost of prosecuting him.
6) Shooting spree leader gets .Three bored Athens teen-agers with idle time, a car and
a hunting rifle spent a weekend last February shooting up empty schools, cars, and occupied
homes for kicks.
7) A man who did cocaine, ecstasy and cannabis in a nursery school in Edinburgh, was sent to
prison for... John Curran was arrested by police after a successful operation was
mounted. The drugs recovered had an estimated street value of 220.000.
8) An all-white jury in Oklahoma City yesterday convicted a Negro, aged 22, of raping a white
employee of a telephone company. They sentenced him to ..after the prosecution said
that 500 years would be just a slap on his wrist.
9) A Glasgow housebreaker is now serving ..after an intensive police investigation put
him behind bars. Following a series of break-ins, the Operation Magpie squad carefully
analysed each crime and established a pattern, suggesting the same person was responsible.
The painstaking investigation led to a Glasgow criminal called David Kelly. He was arrested and
charged with a total of 33 break-ins across Edinburgh.
Activity 18
Role play
Read the following newspaper stories. The class will be divided into 2 groups, one will be the
prosecution and one will be the counsel for the defence. Elect three representatives in each team.
After preparation, each representative will talk to his/her counterpart, in turn. Decide on the
appropriate punishment for the offenders in each case; prepare to make demands, plead, justify,
negotiate.
A
B
C
An innocent man was
released from prison today
after serving ten years of a
thirty year prison sentence
for murder. The man had
been found guilty on false
police evidence. Before
leaving the court, the mans
solicitor spoke to the
reporters: Thank God we
dont
have
capital
punishment any more, he
said.
Activity 19
A
young
mother
appeared in court
yesterday. She was
charged with 20
worth of food from a
supermarket.
The
woman told the court
that she had stolen the
food for her children.
She had lost her job
and had no money.
Listening
Listen to the following report on drink-driving and fill in the blanks in the table below with a
number, word or short phrase.
Conviction
Imprisonment
Causing death by 1). 2) ..
whilst under the influence of
drink/drugs
Driving whilst 3)through 6 months
drink
6).. of a vehicle
7).
Refusing to provide a
9) .
6 months
Ban
2 years
Fine
4)..
5,000
or 3 yrs if convicted
5).
in 10 yrs.
8)..
12 months
10).
Reading Activity
CRIMINALS
This is the story of a serial killer called Son of Sam.
What is a serial killer? Have you heard of any?
What do you expect to find out about serial killers after reading this text?
Read the text. Some sentences have been removed. Decide where they should go.
Look at the underlined vocabulary items and look up any unknown words.
Son of Sam
PART ONE
.a) Two young women, Donna Lauria, and her friend Jody Valenti, were talking in Jody's car in the
Bronx, New York City. A man pulled out a Charter Arms .44 Bulldog handgun from a paper bag,
squatted down and fired into the car five times. Donna died immediately, hit in the neck. Jody, shot in the
thigh, leaned on the horn while the man continued to pull the trigger, even though the chamber was now
empty.
On the night of October 23, 1976, three months after the Lauria girls senseless murder, twenty-year-old
Carl Denaro was shot five times in the head. A little more than a month later, on the evening of November
26, 1976, Donna DeMasi and her friend Joanne Lomino were fired at and barely survived.
Of these three assaults which had occurred in two different areas, the Bronx and Queens, only one bullet
had been recovered intact. Consequently, police were not yet able to link these attacks to a single
individual.
Things quietened down for two months. Then in the early hours of January 30, 1977, the killer went
hunting for his next victim. Christine Freund and her finance John Diel left The Wine Gallery in Queens
around 12:10 A.M. and strolled towards his car. As they sat in the car, two shots broke the night,
shattering the windshield. Christine grabbed her head; both shots had struck her. John rested her head on
the driver's seat and ran for help, trying to flag down passing cars, but to no avail. People in nearby homes
had heard the shots and had called the police. A few hours later Christine died in hospital.
Forty-three-year-old Detective Sergeant Joe Coffey and Captain Joe Borrelli started to work on this latest
homicide. Coffey could see that the bullets used to kill her were not typical. b)Investigating further,
he discovered that her murder matched those other assaults on Donna Lauria, Donna LaMasi and Joanne
Lomino.
Coffey had a hunch that they were dealing with one psycho using a .44, stalking women in various parts
of the city. As his investigation began to bear fruit, a homicide task force was formed under Captain
Borrelli. After probing into the backgrounds of the murders and their victims, police were unable to find
any suspect on record; .c)It was beginning to look as though a psycho had randomly targeted
attractive young women for assassination.
When did the police realise that the attacks belonged to the same individual?
What information can the type of the bullet provide?
Why is the background of a murderer important in solving a crime
PART TWO
On the evening of Tuesday, March 8, 1977, an attractive young Barnard College honor student named
Virginia Voskerichian was shot in the face and died immediately.
The next day, the police had a match on the bullet. It had come from the same gun that had killed Donna
Lauria. The following day, the police commissioner held a press conference to announce to the City of
New York that they had linked the various shootings. d).
As expected, the phantom reappeared. On April 17, 1977, Valentina Suriani, and Alexander Esau.
Valentina was shot twice. She died immediately and Alexander a bit later at the hospital. This psycho
who would keep on killing until he could be found among the millions of men who fitted his description.
But -- this time there was something different: the killer's letter left at the scene of the murders addressed
to Captain Borrelli. The letter did not have any useful fingerprints and the envelope had been handled by
so many people that if there were any of the murderer's prints, they were lost. e)..
Operation Omega was growing in size and resources. It had expanded to some two hundred detectives.
Catching the perpetrator of six murderous assaults would mean tremendous awards for the detectives
involved -- and they knew it. It was an extra incentive to put in long hours to catch this nut. Such long
hours, however, brought frayed nerves.
The Omega task force was flooded with calls. Everyone, it seemed, knew the killer: f).Every one of
these thousands of leads had to be checked out and disqualified -- a huge chore for any task force.
While the police were chasing down every suspect, checking registrations for .44 weapons, tracing
activities of former mental patients and generally running themselves ragged, the Son of Sam had become
emboldened by the publicity. He decided to write to a reporter for the Daily News.
Partial fingerprints were salvaged from the letter, which were of no value in finding the suspect, but
would be valuable to match against a suspect once captured.
Donna Lauria, Son of Sams first victim, had been murdered on July 29, 1976. Considering the Son of
Sams letter, police were worried about an anniversary killing. g) The Omega task force was
desperate. How to protect a whole city of young women from a random killer? Detective Coffey even
considered placing cops in bullet-proof cars with mannequins to try to lure the killer. h)Tensions
built steadily until July 29 and nerves were at a breaking point all that day and night, but no Son of Sam.
Not that day. Two days later when the police were beginning to feel relieved that the anniversary had
passed without another murder, the Son of Sam took his last victims.
In the early morning of Sunday, July 31, 1977, a pretty young woman named Stacy Moskowitz and her
handsome young boyfriend Bobby Violante were shot. He barely survived. She didnt.
Why is important for the press to know the development of the case?
What is the impact of hunting a dangerous criminal on detectives lives?
Why are fingerprints important?
Why did the police expect the killer to strike again on July 29?
PART THREE
A Sam Carr remembered then the odd guy, David Berkowitz, who had briefly rented a room in their
house in early 1976. "He never came back for his two-hundred dollar security deposit when he left. Well,
he was always bothered by our dog, too."
On August 3, 1977, the two Yonkers cops, Chamberlain and Intervallo, proceeded cautiously and queried
the state computer network about Berkowitz. The computer gave a brief profile of him from his driver's
licence. Berkowitz appeared to be approximately the same age, height and build as the Son of Sam, as
described by various witnesses.
In the meantime, things seemed to be popping all over. Officer Chamberlain of the Yonkers PD
responded to a call about a suspected arson at Berkowitz's apartment house at 35 Pine Street.
That same afternoon, Sam Carr, upset over the shooting of his dog and what he saw as non-action by the
police, independently pursued the matter with the Omega Task Force. i)
The day of Berkowitz's arrest, Sergeant Joseph Coffey was called in to interview him. Calmly and
candidly, David told him about each of the shootings. When the interview was over there was no doubt
that Berkowitz was the Son of Sam. The details that he supplied about each assault were bits of
information that only the killer would know. .j).
While David did not start his life under the most auspicious circumstances, he grew up in a middle-class
family with doting adoptive parents who showered him with gifts and attention. His real mother had
arranged for his adoption even before David was born on June 1, 1953.
Perhaps the most significant factor in his life was that he was a loner. His parents weren't particularly
socially oriented and neither was David. He was always big for his age and always felt different and less
attractive than his peers. His neighbors remember him as a nice-looking boy but with a violent streak, a
bully who assaulted neighborhood kids for no apparent reason. He was devastated when his foster mother
died of breast cancer in the fall of 1967. His faith in God was shaken. He began to imagine that her death
was a part of some plan to destroy him.
David joined the Army in the summer of 1971 and stayed there for three years. He was an excellent
marksman, particularly proficient with rifles. Anger and frustration with women, coupled by a bizarre
fantasy life, started him down the road to violence when he got out of the Army in 1974. Even before the
murders began, David had set some 1,488 fires in the city of New York and kept a diary of each one. He
was acting out a control fantasy. Robert Ressler in his book Whoever Fights Monsters explains: " k)
With the simple act of lighting matches, they control events in society that are not normally controlled;
they orchestrate the fire, the screaming arrival and deployment of the fire trucks and fire fighters, the
gathering crowds, the destruction of property and sometimes of people."
His former tenants German shepherd was a noisy dog and howled frequently. The neighborhood dogs
howled back. In David's diseased mind demons lived within the dogs and their howling was the way they
ordered David to go hunting for blood -- the blood of pretty young women.
David's apartment on Pine Street also had its dogs: Sam Carr's black Labrador, which he shot with a gun.
Sam Carr, in David's elaborate delusion, was the host of a powerful demon named Sam. When David
called himself the Son of Sam, it was the demon living in Sam Carr to which he referred. David was
classified by the defense psychiatrists as a paranoid schizophrenic. l).This story is repeated time after
time in every city experiencing the attacks of a serial killer. The demands of the citizens to know what is
happening is balanced against the reality that feeding these demands for information virtually ensures that
the killer will keep on killing. Legitimate police work is seriously hampered by a deluge of bogus tips
from well-meaning citizens. The only party that benefits from this common problem is the media.
Here are the sentences you must put into the correct places.
1. The list of suspects was endless.
2. The fact was, despite the subsequent excuses, Sam Carr had just handed them the name of the killer
and they sat on it.
3. They had come from a powerful, large caliber gun.
4. When Son of Sam first struck on the morning of July 29, 1976, no one could expect that a serial killer
was making his debut.
5. He pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 365 years in jail.
6. Who was David Berkowitz anyway and how did he become the Son of Sam?
7. The commissioner stated that the only description of the murderer was that of "a white male, twentyfive to thirty years old, six feet tall, medium build, with dark hair."
8. This letter was leaked to the press in early June and the world finally heard the name, "Son of Sam."
9. Most arsonists like the feeling that they are responsible for the excitement and violence of a fire.
10. .nor could they find any common thread that linked the victims to one another or a third party.
Activity 21
Find words and phrases in the text which mean:
Activity 22
A) Match the words and phrases to make common word combinations.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
To be alleged
To break
To be arrested
To be convicted
To commit
To go/ be
To have
To restrain
To serve
To be sought
a law
on the run
a crime or an offence
of theft
for questioning
a violent suspect
for stealing a diamond ring
to have killed someone
a criminal record
a sentence
Activity 23
Complete these sentences using the word associations from the exercise above. You will have to
make some changes to fit the grammar of the sentences.
1. She three times in the last two years and because she no one is willing to give her a
job.
2. You must realise that you when you park on the pavement.
3. He is in cold blood and then ever since.
4. The police and he will remain in custody until his behaviour improves.
5. The man who is suspected of having received stolen goods.
6. He when he was 19 and he in a high security prison ever since.
7. She although she claims she got it as a gift.
Activity 24
How good are you at detective work? The following conversation includes many slang words.
Match the words to their definitions.
Have you heard about Brian?
Hes been nicked.
He was blagging a bank with his brother
and somebody grassed on them.
Who knows? Brians got a lot of enemies.
Nine years.
No. What?
Youre joking. What happened?
Whos the nark?
What did he get?
Nine years inside! I thought you said
he had a good brief.
Wheres he going to do it?
Oh, no. The screws in there are the
worst in the world.
Top quality gold rings. Fifty of them.
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Activity 25
Across:
1. getting money from people by threatening to publicise facts they do not want revealed
2. going through a ceremony of marriage when you are still married to someone else
3. betraying your country to a foreign power
4. saying something which damages someones character
5. acting in such a way as to make someone believe he or she will be hurt setting fire to a
building
6. taking goods illegally into or out of a country
7. making an illegal copy of a banknote or document
8. stealing, taking property which belongs to someone else
9. getting money from people by using threats
10. offering money corruptly to get someone to do something to help you
11. killing someone illegally and intentionally
Down:
A-B killing someone unintentionally or in mitigating circumstances
UNIT 3
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS
Before you read the text, discuss with a partner the steps undertaken by the
police in detecting and solving a crime
Exercise 2
Interviews ands interrogations
In investigations, the interviewing of witnesses, victims and suspects, personal searches,
searches of vehicles and premises, the interception of correspondence and communications,
the police are guided by a series of fundamental principles, as shown below. Complete the
text with the appropriate word from the box
compelled/ presumed/ treated/ subjected / prohibited/ conducted/ exercised/ permitted/exerted
Reading text
Operation Magician
Discuss these issues with a partner before reading the text.
How and where can a police officer gather information on a case?
Who does he speak to?
What are the steps an investigating officer takes immediately after discovering a crime?
How important is crime prevention?
What is the situation in Romania?
What can the police do in order to deter crime?
How can the police raise public awareness on every persons role in detecting, reporting and
deterring crime? What concrete steps can they take?
How cost-effective can crime prevention be compared to crime investigations?
How important are standardised policies, practices and procedures in police work?
Do these limit the liberty of police officers in their work or do they help them?
Activity 1
The Day of the Robbery
Match the two parts of the sentences to complete the text.
1) At 3 a.m. on 7 November 2001, approximately 200 officers involved in Operation
Magician...
2) They were prepared for a tactical operation which had been months...
3) Public safety was the prime consideration and officers had plans....
4) Amongst those present were 40 specialist firearms officers....
5) Others were sent into the Dome in disguise....
6) Surveillance officers disguised as Dome employees...
7) A further 60 armed Flying Squad officers were stationed around the Thames....
Officers also moved to a number of observation points between the Old Coal Yard in
Plumstead and the Dome.
8) The Domes CCTV room was turned into a police control room...
A.
B.
dressed as cleaners they concealed their guns in black plastic bags and rubbish bins.
C.
to ensure that the robbers could be arrested quickly and safely at any given stage
during the incident.
D.
from where Det. Supt. Jon Shatford ran the whole operation.
E.
F.
who would be hidden behind a secret wall within the Dome and in other places.
G.
H.
Discuss: If you had been a gang member would YOU have been keeping surveillance on
the Dome?
8:11
8:39
A white Transit van registration N770 AHE was seen towing the red and
white speedboat along West Ferry Rd on the Isle of Dogs. The passenger was
later identified as Kevin Meredith.
White Ford Transit van, registration number C673 COR, drove into the Old
Coal Yard in Plumstead. The JCB was parked there.
A red and white speedboat was seen travelling east along the Thames towards
the Dome. The driver, later identified as Kevin Meredith, then crossed the
river into Bow Creek where he tied the boat up and waited.
8:43
The JCB and van drove out of the Yard towards Plumstead. The
JCB driver later identified as Betson- was wearing a fluorescent
waistcoat. The JCB traveled towards Greenwich, turning right into Anchor
and Hope Lane. At this point the white van was lost. The driver was not
identified and the vehicle has never been recovered.
9:07
9:33
9:35
9:36
The JCB travelled along Bugsby Way towards the Dome. It turned left
beneath the A102 Blackwall Tunnel Approach and parked up out of sight.
Police believe that this is where Ciarocchi, Cockram and Robert Adams got
into the JCB alongside Betson. The gang had modified the cabin to fit four
people.
The JCB turned left into Ordnance Crescent towards the Dome. It stopped
in Drawdock Road, just short of the Domes perimeter fence.
The JCB crashed through a gap in the fence, flattening a metal bollard as it
went. It headed towards Gate 4 of the Dome.
The JCB rammed open the double locked gates at Gate 4 and moved into
the grounds of the Dome.
The speedboat crossed the Thames toward the Dome from Bow Creek. It
got into position at Millennium Pier where it waited for the robbers.
9:37
The JCB crashed through the side of the Millennium Dome and careered
towards the Money Zone. It braked quickly outside the diamond
exhibition, and Adams, Ciarrocchi and Cockram jumped down from the
cabin.
All three were wearing gasmasks and body-armour. Adams and Cockram
entered the vault while Ciarrocchi kept watch outside.
Inside the vault, Cockram dashed to the cabinet containing the 777-carat
Millennium Star diamond. He fired into the glass with a loaded Hilti gun.
Adams then set about smashing the cabinet with a sledgehammer. Having
broken the glass he started on the second cabinet - where the De Beers
Millennium Diamonds were displayed: eleven rare blue stones and the 777
carat flawless Millennium Star. Worth over 200 million, the diamonds are
second in value only to the Crown Jewels.
At this point Det Supt Jon Shatford gave the order to arrest the suspects.
9:37
Outside the vault Ciarrocchi was still keeping watch. As armed officers
approached him, he threw a grenade in their direction - which exploded
into a ball of blue smoke. Ciarrocchi was quickly overpowered and
arrested. When searched he was found to be carrying further grenades, a
firework and ammonia.
With the suspects outside the vault safely detained, armed officers moved towards the
vault itself. Distraction devices were thrown inside as officers entered and overpowered the
pair. As they handcuffed Adams they noticed a strong smell of ammonia and discovered that
both he and Cockram were carrying bottles of the substance.
Betson, who remained inside the JCB was also swiftly arrested and handcuffed.
Armour and ammonia
Meanwhile officers on the river moved in to arrest Meredith. Armed officers deployed on
three boats left their hiding places and moved towards Millennium Pier. They quickly cut off
his escape route, and arrested him. Meredith was carrying a large quantity of petrol which
police believe would have been used to set fire to the boat after the robbery.
A sixth man was arrested on the north side of the river Thames at the Lower Lea Crossing. He
was parked in the White Ford Transit van (N770 AHE) which was seen towing the speedboat
earlier that morning.
The robbers were taken to different police stations in South East London for questioning. On
8 November, the following day, they were charged.
Conviction and Sentence
Exercise 4
Listen to the text and complete the notes
On 18 February 2002 at the Old Bailey, Adams, Ciarrocchi, Cockram and Betson were
convicted of conspiracy to rob and Meredith was convicted of .. Betson
and Cockram were each jailed for ... Adams and Ciarrocchi were each jailed
for 15 years and Meredith was jailed for 5 years.
A sixth man involved in the robbery plot was jailed at the Old Bailey on Wednesday 20
February. Lee Wenham, aged 33, was sentenced to four years in jail .to
conspiracy to steal. .. he was sentenced to nine years after pleading
guilty to an attempted robbery which took place at Aylesford, in Kent, in June 2000.
Proceedings ..against another man, 59-year-old James Wenham, who
had been charged with conspiracy to rob in relation to the raid on the Dome.
Exercise 5
Comprehension check. Complete the statements with the correct answer:
Witness
Offender
CPS
Court
GROUP 1
to detect a crime, to report a crime, to commit a crime, to catch a criminal, to arrest a
suspect, to interrogate, to make a confession, to break the law, to put an APB on a
criminal, to take into custody, to browse a mug-shot book, to gather evidence, to
prosecute, to send to prison, to handcuff a suspect, to commit to trial, to send to court,
to take a statement, to give a statement, to release on parole, to release on probation, to
plead guilty,
GROUP 2
to charge, to execute a search warrant, to press charges, to drop charges, to issue an
warrant, to be on call, to perpetrate a crime, to conduct a crime scene examination, to
body
house-to-house
underwater
vehicle
2. investigating
custody
duty
arresting
crime prevention
3.
first-time
juvenile
repeat
habitual
4.
detention
search
arrest
eviction
5.
open-and-shut
hit-and-run
murder
unsolved
Activity 5
Whats in a name?
When a criminal is caught by the police he is first (a)(an) ...., then (a)(an)
.., after that (a)(an), probably both the and
the .. when he is in court, after sentencing he is a frequently (a)(an)
!
Choose from the following and put them in the right order:
arrestee, detainee, convict, suspect, accused, defendant, chargee.
Are there any other possible stages (with names!) for a criminal?
Grammar focus
Modal verbs can also express possibility- may, could or might for greater
doubt to replace phrases such as it is possible, maybe, perhaps, it is likely
etc; probability or deductions - must to replace phrases such as it is probable,
it is almost certain, I am sure, etc. and impossibility - cant or couldnt to
replace phrases such as it is impossible that, it is unlikely that.
Exercise 6
Re-phrase the following sentences by using an appropriate modal verb.
EXAMPLES
It is possible to invalidate a confession under the provisions of the Codes.
A confession may be invalidated under the provisions of the Codes.
Probably the accused failed to mention facts to the police.
The accused must have failed to mention facts to the police.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activity 6
A key part in modern criminal investigation is played by DNA testing. This activity is
based on materials from the UK Forensic Science Service (FSS).
www.fss.org.uk
These are two of their FAQ Frequently Asked Questions.
Q: Can a DNA profile ever be exclusive to one person?
A: Apart from the case of genetically identical twins, the DNA contained in every persons
cells is different from that contained by any other person. The FSS looks at eleven
information sites using the current DNA profiling technique
Q: What is the best reference sample to submit a blood sample, a buccal scrape or hair
sample?
A: DNA can be extracted from any cells that contain a structure called the nucleus. This is
where the DNA resides within the cell. Nucleated cells are found in (white) blood cells,
buccal (cheek) cells, spermatozoa, vaginal cells, hair root sheath cells and body tissue cells.
The choice of the appropriate reference sample depends on the case. The DNA unit would
prefer to receive blood samples because of the ease of processing. Alternative samples such as
buccal scrapes (as used for the National DNA Database) or hair samples (pulled) may be
taken. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) gives the police powers to take buccal
scrapes or hair roots (non-intimate samples), by force, in certain circumstances and with the
authority of a very senior police officer.
Activity 9
Put together the parts of the sentences to get true information about SALIVA stains
1. DNA in saliva can be analysed from a variety of
places
2. The DNA is NOT present in the liquid saliva
A. is very variable.
B. for example, swabs from the body, drinking
.
1
B
UNIT 4
In this unit, after some revision activities, we look briefly at the safety of the citizen,
considering the responsibilities of the police to investigate crime.
The unit also highlights the social pressures which the police find themselves under and
some of the factors which lead to successful (or unsuccessful) results.
The race issue- from the troubled times of the 1950s and 1960s in the USA and in
modern Britain- is one that should be taken into careful consideration by anyone studying
crime in contemporary European or American society.
The bombing of a Jewish Temple in Atlanta, Georgia in 1958 and of the Baptist Church
in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963, may not seem to have much to teach the
contemporary police officer. However, the issues involved were and are highly complex
and all-too-relevant, as the 2000 case involving the murder of a young Nigerian boy in
London shows.
On a different level, the FBI investigation of fraud connected with murder underlines the
fact that more white-collar criminals are turning to violence to achieve their ends.
Exercise 1
Procedures for criminal investigation and prosecution
Complete the words to describe criminal investigation and prosecution procedures
1. First, the police m.. an a..
2. The police t.. the sus.. to the police station.
3. Perhaps the police h. an identity p
4. The wit.. may identify the suspect from an identity p.. or from
photographs in the data base known as criminal rec.
5. To help identification of suspects, detectives use computers to construct identi-kit or
ph- kit likenesses of the suspect.
6. In serious crimes, these photographic likenesses may appear on pos
which are displayed outside police stations or in public places.
7. They always int.. the sus.
8. The police t sam. fingerprints, head-hair, dirt from clothes, fibres
etc.
9. The police l a charge as soon as possible.
10. The suspect h the right to contact a l ..
11. The police either rel the defendant on bail or, in more serious cases, they
t the defendant before a mag. to hold the defendant on
r.
12. In the court proceedings, the mag . h the evidence alone in
less serious cases.
13. In more serious cases, there is a jud.. who hears the evidence.
Again, in more serious cases, there is a ju., usually consisting of 12 members.
The ju .reaches a v after hearing all the
ev .
14. In English law, there are only 2 possible v - Guilty or Not Guilty.
Exercise 2
Sentence transformations
Rewrite each of the following sentences to mean the same as the sentence printed before it. Use
the words given. Two EXAMPLES are given.
EXAMPLE: You will end up in trouble! Behave yourself!
If
ANSWER:
If you dont behave yourself you will end up in trouble!
Activity 1
Before hearing about a case in England, read the following text and discuss the
issues involved.
Race trail pricks Norways Conscience
Andew Osborn, The Guardian Weekly, January 2002
Norway, which fancied itself to be free of the xenophobia which infects other Nordic
societies, has been forced to confront a less palatable reality. The verdict is expected this
week in a trial of three neo-Nazis accused of stabbing a black teenager to death, simply
because they did not like the colour of his skin. Prosecutors demanded the maximum
sentence of 21 years for one man. 19 years and 4 months for another and a lesser sentence
of two and a half years for a third defendant. It is Norways first recorded racially
motivated murder.
The killing, which, in the words of the former Prime Minister, Jens Stoltenberg, marked a
watershed in Norways history, happened in January 2001. Benjamin Hermansen, a 15
year-old boy of mixed Norwegian-Ghanaian extraction, was attacked only 500 metres
from his home in an Oslo suburb. He died of multiple stabbing wounds and had received
a severe kicking. Joe Erling Jahr, 20, one of the defendants had admitted stabbing
Benny, but said he had just wanted to give him a scratch and that the death was an
accident.
But another of the defendants, Veronica Andreassen, 18, told the court that she, Jahr and
a third accused. Ole Nicolae Kvisler, 22, went looking for foreigners in their car and
she picked out Benny Hermansen as a perfect target.
Activity 2
Listening
POLICE ACTION UNDER SCRUTINY IN DAMILOLA TAYLOR TRIAL
LISTEN TO THE ACCOUNT OF DAMILOLA TAYLORS DEATH
Complete the details in the box
PERSONS
6 passersby who
.
.
- 3 youths
.
.
- Mr Mark Parsons ..
..
..
..
- Maynard Cox George
- Mohammed ElNagdy
- Jordan
Fayemi
- Gloria Taylor
ENVIRONMENT
- housing estate (council blocks).
- street lighting
..
..
- rubbish chute
..
TIMES/DATES
4:45 p.m
...
...
5 p.m.
minutes later ..
PLACES
Blakes Road
.
OFFENCES AND ANTI-SOCIAL
ACTIVITIES
bullying
stabbing
stealing
...
...
taunts (racist or Youre gay!)
...
...
attack (assault)
..
..
Activity 3
A Racist Crime?
Activity 4
Consider the vocabulary items in the box. How many of these words would you consider
to be absolutely essential core vocabulary for your own language progress?
VOCABULARY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Activity 5
Police admitted to the hotel bills and to buying the girl clothes and giving her two mobile
phones, but denied that this was meant to entice her into giving evidence at the trial.
Exercise 3
Read the text and answer the questions: TRUE or FALSE or NOT CLEARLY STATED
1. The police offered rewards to the girl to give false evidence.
2. The judge stated that the police acted in a way that made the truth more difficult to
identify.
3. Some of the main witnesss evidence may still be used in court.
4. Police inducements to the girl had included money payments to her and her mother.
5. The girl was related to one of the accused.
6. Police chiefs say that the image of the Metropolitan Police is not compromised as
people are generally satisfied because of the falling crime rate.
7. Criticism of the police over their conduct in the Stephen Lawrence case has meant
that police are under pressure to solve the Taylor case by any means.
8. The hotel bills involved friends staying with the girl.
9. The trial itself is now compromised and the case may be dismissed.
10. The police hope there will be a more successful outcome to this case than to the
Lawrence case.
11. The girl has already been promised money by a newspaper for her story
12. One of the accused has been released as a result of the fact that her evidence is
unreliable.
Exercise 4
Find words from the text in the box which mean
TEXT A
It was a widely respected police-force, an award-winning police force. Murders were solved,
speeding autos were apprehended, drunks and transients were dealt with, order was maintained.
In the 1950s, the secret of exposing wrongdoers lay not primarily in the retrieval of microscopic
evidence from a crime scene (although the FBI was making rapid strides in matching bullets to
gun types and Detective W.K. Perry solved a rape case in 1957 by matching pubic hairs and
underwear fibres). The emphasis was on knowing about peoples characters the ability to spot a
bad apple, to recognise suspicious behaviour, to make out an alibi as not holding water and
the ability to break a suspect under interrogation and pressure.
Good, upstanding moral character radiated from the top- from Mayor Hartsfield and from Chief
of Police Jenkins and from all the clean-cut, straight-arrow, square-shouldered police officers on
the force white and black- because the force had been integrated under Hartsfield and Jenkins
since 1948.
Social deviants in the community stuck out like the proverbial sore thumb, especially in
Atlanta. Here, the citys civilized acknowledgment of the Supreme Courts ruling on integration
was being implemented at the highest levels. Elsewhere in the South, mayors, police chief, city
councillors were cutting themselves loose from the rule of law. While long lines of social misfits
followed their example. Community leaders ignored the federal courts and the directives from
Washington it was like opening the doors of the insane asylum! Klan-robed trash paraded
through the streets, they bribed and accepted bribes from public officials and knew themselves to
be untouchable. But in Atlanta, the names of the trouble-makers were known, appeared on the
police chiefs desk and the police patrols were instructed to drive slowly through certain areas
looking for trouble.
a)
b)
c)
d)
TEXT B
a)
b)
c)
d)
At the top of Police Chief Jenkins list of suspects in the Temple bombing were the men arrested that
summer for the anti-Semitic picketing of the newspaper trial. (The Constitution had been charged with
publishing anti-Jewish statements and was found guilty.)
George Bright, Chester Griffin, Luther Corley all members of the white extremist organisation, the
National States Rights Party (NSRP). The Atlanta police moved towards locating, detaining and
questioning these men. But the FBI had earlier gone a step further than the Atlanta police. They had
had an informant within the NSRP almost from the beginning.
George Bright had been suspicious of informants infiltrating their group and he was right in his
suspicions. L.E. Rogers a vulgar, overweight, out-of-pocket, unskilled janitor services man. He was
an FBI spy- or in the language of the day- a sneak. He had joined both the NSRP and the KKK for the
purposes of relaying information to the FBI- he had done it, according to his own high-minded
statements, for the highest motives of citizenship. Meanwhile he earned $50 to $75 for each report and
had earned $1,150 by October 1958, filling the FBI files with reports of discussions such as the one in
May 1958, where the NSRP members talk was of shooting down Jews in the streets.
The FBI therefore concurred with the Atlanta Police Department, contributing three more names: the
brothers Richard and Robert Bowling, known since boyhood for trouble-making and experimenting
with explosives, and who had been spotted recently in the company of some of the Souths most
dangerous extremists.
TEXT C
On Monday 13 October 1958, the day after the bombing, Atlanta police detectives were sent out
by Police Chief Jenkins to arrest the suspects. Robert Bowling was apprehended without incident,
but Chester Griffin and Richard Bowling had disappeared.
The moment that Griffin learned of the bombing- on the morning of the bombing-, he guessed
that he would be the target of a massive manhunt and had taken off. He had gone to Stone
Mountain in search of James Venable, the Imperial Wizard of the National Knights of the Klan,
who had represented Griffin and the others when they were arrested for picketing the Constitution
trial.
Knowing the warped minds of the FBI, the Atlanta police, the Anti-Defamation League and the
Atlanta newspapers, I well enough anticipated what lay in store for me. They had already
broadcast that regardless of whether I was guilty or innocent, they were going to come over and
try to pin anything that happened on me. So, thats why I drove out to Stone Mountain and tried
to get in touch with Mr Venable. But Venable was out. Griffin delayed returning home.
I decided the best thing to do was to lay low and try to get in touch with my attorney first thing
bright and early on Monday morning, he said later.
So, I went to East Point and saw a show and then I came back to Atlanta and caught a cab and
went over to Highland Theater and I saw it was the same one I had already seen, so I just stayed
around that drug store at the corner of Highland and Greenland until the show at the Plaza was
due to come on, and finally around eight oclock, I went on to that show and it was a long one
and it was about 11:30 before I got out and I walked across the street, caught a taxi at the Briarclif
Hotel, went home. When I got home, there were 2 FBI men and a city policeman who surrounded
me and they didnt they tried to prevent me from paying the taxi operator and it was necessary
to shove them out of the way before I could do so. I hollered for my brother so he would know
what was happening and do something about it, and I demanded that they show me a warrant for
my arrest which they did not have and they commenced questioning me about where I had been.
Text C Answer the questions by choosing one of the alternatives a, b, c, or d
1. Griffin reacted by
2. He claimed that
TEXT D
Detective W.K. Perry drove forty minutes north of town to arrest Wallace Allen. Allen was home
when the detectives appeared. He let his dog loose on them.
Well, we had a warrant to go up there and arrest him, said Perry, later the chief of homicide.
We got up there and he had a chain link fence right up against the sidewalk and the gate was
closed. He had a large front yard to his house and he was on the porch. I told him I had two
uniformed men with me as well as my partner. I started to open the gate and he told me not to
come in the yard. He was real arrogant. And I told him who I was and I said, Ive got a warrant
for your arrest. About that time he turned his dog loose on us. He called him Adolf- that was
the dogs name and the dog started running towards the gate. Well, I knew I was going in that
gate, so I off and told him When that dog gets to this gate, Im going to kill it. So, I pulled my
gun and the dog stopped just before it got to the gate. He hollered at him and he stopped, because
I would have shot him.
But anyway we went on in, and he had a picture of Hitler over the mantle with little electric
candles burning underneath it. He was in the printing business. He had all kinds of pamphlets that
he would print. We were looking for explosives or anything pertaining to the bombing, but we
didnt find it.
2. Allen had ..
5. Incriminating evidence
laboratory experts confirmed that the paper was similar to that used in wrapping
dynamite.
This was the extent of the information collected at the crime scene.
GRAMMAR FOCUS
The remainder of this text concentrates on what
could have happened
might have happened
would have happened
if modern FBI and Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Agents (ATF) .
Exercise 5
If modern FBI and ATF experts had visited the Temple on October 12 1958, they
(1) (recover) __________________________________ chemicals, gunpowder, fuse
fragments, footprints and tire markings.
Within a few weeks, they (2) (know) _____________________________ precisely the
type of nitroglycerine used in the bomb, how much of the substance was available in
America. They (3) (find out) __________________________________ the names of
people with access to it, how it (4) (transport) _____________________________ into
Georgia and whether it had been in any of the vehicles or houses of the suspects.
They (5) (know) __________________________________ what kind of timing device
was used and (6) (check) ________________________________ in what other locations
such a device had been used.
Whereas the 1958 experts announced the recovery of a small piece of brown wrapping
paper that they thought was similar to that used to wrap dynamite, modern experts (7)
(know) ____________________________ precisely.
Not all brown wrapping paper is identical. The piece of wrapping paper recovered from
the bomb crater (8) (reveal) _________________________________ a lot of information
to modern experts, it (9) (be imprinted) ___________________________________ with
a grain of gunpowder, a fleck of skin, a hair follicle or even a fingerprint that (10)
They believed that funds for the bombing had come from sources outside the South.
They believed that the bombing was linked to others around the South.
They knew the bomb had been wrapped in paper commonly used for wrapping
dynamite.
The bombing was definitely done by someone who knew his explosives, said one
detective in a news conference. An amateur tends to set the fuse so that only one or two
sticks explode and the rest just scatter.
That knowledge narrowed down the field of suspects to several thousand army
veterans and munitions experts!
Activity 6
Read the details of an old case with a fairly recent end result!
Church Bombing Case at a Glance
Important dates in the investigation of the 1963 bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church
in Birmingham, Alabama.
September 15 1963 Dynamite bomb explodes outside Sunday service at 16th Street
Baptist Church, killing 11 year-old Denise McNair and 14 year-olds Cynthia Wesley,
Carole Robertson and Addie Mae Collins and injuring 20 others.
May 11 1965
FBI memorandum to director, J.Edgar Hoover concludes the
bombing was the work of former KuKluXKlansmen, Robert E.Chambliss, Bobby Frank
Cherry, Herman Frank Cash and Thomas Blanton Jr.
- 1968
FBI closes its investigation without filing charges
- 1971
Alabama Attorney-General Bill Baxley reopens investigation
November 18 1977 Chambliss convicted on a state murder charge and sentenced to life
in prison.
- 1980
Justice Department report concludes Hoover had blocked
prosecution of the Klansmen in 1965
October 29 1985
Chambliss dies in prison, still professing his innocence.
- 1988
Alabama Attorney-General Don Siegelman reopens the case,
which is closed without action
- 1993
Birmingham-area black leaders meet with FBI, and agents secretly
begin new review of the case
February 7 1994
Cash dies
July 1997
Cherry interrogated in Texas; FBI investigation becomes public
knowledge
October 1998
Federal Grand Jury in Alabama begins hearing evidence
May 2000
Blanton and Cherry surrender on murder indictments returned by
grand jury in Birmingham
April 10 2001
Judge delays Cherry trial, citing defendants medical problems
amid questions about Cherrys mental competency
May 17 2001
Blanton convicted of murder and sentences to life imprisonment.
Activity 7
Discuss the following issues with a colleague.
1. What do you think the case illustrates about the American justice system?
2. Without the pressure in the 1990s under a Clinton regime, do you think the
investigations would have been re-opened?
3. How would the majority of Americans react to this most recent verdict?
4. Do you think the FBI engaged in some sort of cover-up?
5. Find some information on the Grand Jury. Does it seem like a necessary step?
6. What laws are there in Romania relating to the time a crime has been committed and
when a person may be charged with that crime?
7. What laws relate to double jeopardy i.e. not being able to try a person twice for the
same crime?
Activity 8
SIDS or Murder?
From the FBI homepage www.fbi.gov
White Collar and Violent Crime: The blurred line
Baby Tara was Dina Abdel Haqs second healthy infant to die mysteriously in just over a
year. The death of her first child in September 1994, only 18 days old, was attributed to
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), a diagnosis applied where the cause of death
remains unexplained after an autopsy, investigation and review of the family medical
history. Seven week old Tara' death in November 1995 was also a medical mystery, but
different in one significant way. Approximately two weeks before Taras death, Abdel
Haq had purchased a $200,000 life insurance policy, naming herself as the sole
beneficiary. She submitted a claim within two months of Taras death.
Despite what seemed a heinous possibility, that she had killed Tara for the insurance
money, no state charges were brought. There was neither physical evidence of a murder
nor any medical or forensic indicators. The autopsy was negative and Abdel Haq had
herself placed a very emotional 911 call to the local police department after the baby
died. At first, nothing except the life insurance policy seemed to point to a motive for
murder, but a federal investigation was launched.
There was not enough evidence to successfully prosecute the case as murder. Therefore, a
special agent from the Chicago field office investigated the case with an eye to
prosecuting it as a fraud. The agent did research on SIDS and found reports suggesting
that multiple SIDS deaths in a single family were most likely the result of homicide by a
parent.
The Special Agent worked with the US Assistant Attorneys Office on the theory that
baby Tara had not died of SIDS but had been suffocated by a troubled young mother.
By proving murder, they would be able to prosecute the case federally as a fraud against
the insurance company and the murder of the child could be considered relevant
conduct during sentencing. The evidence began slowly to point to the truth.
The initial investigation revealed that Abdel Haq was addicted to gambling, having
engaged in a series of financial crimes, insurance frauds and health care frauds for years
to obtain money to support her addiction. Original gambling records documented Abdel
Haqs winnings at Illinois riverboat casinos and established her whereabouts on
important days, proving that she had lied on numerous occasions to insurance
investigators.
Further, Abdel Haq was found to have submitted claims to at least 8 insurance companies
regarding various thefts, accidents and injuries she allegedly suffered since 1980. The
Special Agent combined the information he had subpoenaed from public and private
agencies with other evidence including police reports of Abdel Haqs confessions to petty
crimes, domestic incidence reports and civil lawsuits where Abdel Haq was the
defendant. The Agent created a comprehensive crime time-line from 1980 through 1998,
showing an increasingly common pattern of criminal conduct.
The circumstantial evidence was overwhelming and in February 1999, a federal jury in
Chicago returned a guilty verdict in the case on all counts. AT the conclusion of the onemonth trial with many witnesses and hundreds of exhibits, the jury found that beyond a
reasonable doubt that the defendant had deliberately killed Tara, thus committing a fraud
against the insurance company.
Abdel Haq was sentenced on September 8 1999 to 21 years incarceration, a substantially
higher sentence than for normal mail fraud, to make the punishment consistent with the
magnitude of her crime. Attorneys for Abdel Haq immediately filed an appeal but on
April 7 2001, the Appellate Court unanimously upheld the conviction of Dina Abdel Haq.
Answer the questions about the text. Choose the ONE best answer.
Do NOT mark more than one alternative.
1. SIDS is
a) a classification of infant disease
b) a classification of unexplained death
c) an established medical diagnosis
d) a classification of a crime
2. Family medical history means
UNIT 5
INFORMATION BOX
The West Yorkshire Police alone took reports of 26,000
incidents of domestic violence in the year 2000. In 75% of the
cases the complaint was withdrawn and the case terminated.
In Bucharest, of 500 violent incidents in 1999, 300 were
domestic violence cases, and of 110 killings, 70 were victims at
the hands of family members
983 is the Romanian helpline for victims of domestic violence
Between January and October 2000, when a study was
published, 350 had used the helpline number.
People throw around statistics saying that up to 70 or 80% of
children of batterers are also abused. That statistic is wrong.
EVERY child who witnesses abuse is a victim of abuse.
4 million American women experience a serious assault by an
intimate partner during an average 12-month period.
Before reading the text, discuss with a partner what domestic violence really entails.
Who commits it and why? Who are the victims and how can it be eradicated?
Text A
There is still a lot of confusion and misunderstanding about domestic violence what it
is, who suffers from it, who commits it and why. Violence or abuse suffered by women in
their home which is carried out by their partner, ex-partner or anyone they are living with
is known as domestic violence. Victims of domestic violence are usually women, but this
is not always the case.
Women experience domestic violence regardless of their social group, class, age, race,
disability, sexuality and lifestyle. Violence and abuse can begin at any time in the first
year or after years of marriage or living together.
Domestic violence can take a number of forms such as physical assault, sexual abuse,
rape, and threats. In addition, it may include mental and verbal abuse and humiliation.
Women experiencing domestic violence tend to play down rather than exaggerate the
violence. For some, the decision to seek help, to leave the abuser, or get the abuser to
leave is quickly and easily made. For many, the decision will be long and painful as they
try to make the relationship work and stop the violence. Women who leave often return to
their partners hoping for an improvement in the relationship or because of financial or
social pressures.
Men who are abusive to women do not necessarily abuse children, but it can happen.
Children will react in different ways to being brought up in a home with a violent person.
They may be affected by the tension or by witnessing arguments and assaults. They may
feel that they are to blame, or feel insecure, alone, frightened or confused.
Domestic violence is a crime which the police now deal with as a very serious matter.
Most forces have specially trained and experienced officers that can arrange medical aid,
transport and a safe place for the victims.
There are several organisations that can give practical and emotional support to the
victims. Refuges provide safe emergency and temporary accommodation, advice,
information, support and a range of other services for women and children escaping
violence.
Womens Aid is a key support agency for women and children experiencing domestic
violence and runs a domestic violence helpline. Their services are confidential and
completely free.
The Samaritans offer confidential emotional support 24 hours a day by phone, face-toface or by letter. There are over 200 branches in the UK and Eire staffed by trained
volunteers.
Activity 1
Match a line in A with a word/phrase in B and a line in C:
A
There is still a lot of
confusion and
misunderstanding
Women experience domestic
violence
Victims of domestic violence
are usually women
Domestic violence can take a
number of forms
Victims should seek legal
advice from a solicitor
Women who experience
domestic violence feel
Women do have legal rights
in relation to their children
B
about
C
all the changes and upheavals.
because of
after
such as
regardless
of
despite
domestic violence.
for
as
that
but
if
Activity 2
Fill in the blanks with one of the following adverbs:
completely, directly, effectively, aggressively, often x 2, necessarily, specially,
financially, physically, sexually, emotionally, sympathetically, in silence, in fear,
alone.
a) Nobody has the right to assault anybody , ..
or ..
b) Women dont have to suffer or live .
c) The police will deal with the victims .
d) The victims inquiry will be . confidential.
e) The police is committed to . improving the service
offered to victims of domestic violence.
f) It is not easy for the victims to accept that someone they love and have trusted
can behave so . towards them.
g) Children are affected by the tension or by witnessing arguments
and assaults.
h) Men who are abusive to women do not . abuse
children, but it can happen.
i) Most police forces have trained and experienced
officers to deal with domestic violence.
j) Abused women wonder how they will manage
..if they leave home.
k) Whatever abused women decide, they dont have to suffer .
l) Domestic violence victims can contact Victim Support offices
or ask the police to put them in contact with their local group.
Text B
For over a year before she was murdered by her husband Avelino, Maria Teresa Macias
pursued every possible avenue to escape his years of violence against herself and their
three children. She reported to Child Protective Services, obtained restraining orders,
cooperated with investigators, talked to friends, went to churches, attended counseling,
brought her mother in from Mexico and her sister from Ireland, and tirelessly reported
new incidents to authorities, verbally and in writing.
In just the last three months of her life, between January and April 1996, Teresa and
witnesses reported Avelinos crimes against her to the Sheriffs Department on at least 18
different occasions. Teresas struggle to be free of Avelinos violence was relentless. And
it was doomed. The help she reached for, failed her at every turn. After Child Protective
Services took her children because she was unable to keep Avelino away from them,
Teresa made a comment to her mother that seemed to describe the efforts of her entire
last year. Instead of helping me, Teresa told her mother, they sank me even more.
On April 15, four days before she was going to take the final step of fleeing north with
her kids, Avelino lay in wait at the Sonoma house she and her mother were due to clean.
Avelino ended Teresas life with a bullet to the head, shot her mother through the legs,
and then turned the gun on himself. In the last couple of weeks of her life, Teresa became
enveloped by an ominous sense that Avelino would indeed succeed in his threats to kill
her. If he did, she told her mother, she wanted the story told. If I die, I dont want other
women to suffer what I am suffering, she said, I want them to be listened to.
Activity 3
Decide on the appropriate collocations:
marriage
consent
evidence
extra marital
domestic
change
patrol
police
form
of adultery
violence
relations
certificate
officer
in policy
service
to produce
to grant
to seek
to take
to experience
to run
to express
to take
help
a divorce
an organisation
a decision
evidence
abuse
action
concern
Exercise 1
Put in the correct past participles of the verbs in brackets to complete the list:
Women who experience domestic abuse could be...
(call)..names
(give) . no money
(rape)..
(stop) . from seeing family and friends
(punch)
(tell). what to wear
(threaten)..with worse violence
(strangle).or (choke) .almost to
death
(humiliate)..
(not allow) to go out alone
(degrade)
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with ONE suitable word. The first letter(s) is/are given.
The problems (1) con with domestic violence are widely recognised,
yet, only recently has the focus (2) sh to helping the victims. As far as
the police service is (3) con ., it is essential that positive action is
taken in all cases at the (4) sc.. of domestic violence. Consequently,
wherever there is evidence of an (5) o, in the first instance the arrest
should be made (6) irr. of the wishes of the victim. The wifes,
partners or girlfriends pleas of Dont lock him up or Leave him alone to the (7)
a. officer may be purely for her (8) o protection for
when he returns home later. If there is (9) in. evidence to make an
arrest but problems are(10) ant in the near future, then an arrest for
breach of the (11) p. is appropriate. This will effectively remove the
victim from immediate (12) dand provide time to (13)
dis..the circumstances in private. This process must be carried (14)
o.. without fail, despite previous instances of withdrawals of (15) com
by the victim. Moreover, the quality of the files (16) rel
to DV assaults must be high, otherwise the CPS cannot do their (17) j A
large number of files are being withdrawn by the CPS on the (18) gthat
the complainant no longer wishes to prosecute. So, the police service is reconsidering the
situation to decide whether, even without such witness (19) st. .. and
formal complaints, a prosecution should be (20) all.. to proceed. In
addition to the role of the police and the CPS, the judiciary also has an important part to
play and should (21) p.. more custodial sentences. Locked away, the
(22) per would have time to consider his situation
carefully. Concerted, long-term 23) str.., implemented by police, judiciary
and the government are absolutely essential, while substantial financial (24)in
.. must be continued for those agencies which are trying so (25)
h. to help and rehabilitate. The time for fine words and good intentions has
made way for action.
Activity 4
Project work: Choose a topic from the following and make a project about crimes of
domestic violence and associated punishments giving as many details as possible and
using charts, pictures and photographs:
a) Watch the news on TV and read newspapers to find out which crimes are reported
and how many of them relate to domestic violence in a week
b) Retell a case of domestic violence that you know or have heard of, either recently or
in the past
c) Is punishment for domestic violence effective or should it be changed?
d) Conduct a survey on how people feel about domestic violence (Is it ever necessary
acceptable not a case for concern?)
e) Responsibility in the case of domestic violence
f) The role of the police in preventing, detecting and solving Domestic Violence cases.
See if the police in your town or sector have information leaflets related to Domestic
Violence.
Activity 5
A bit less serious!
Paraphrase the following sentences to avoid the idioms.
1) A burglar got busted on the job last night just two blocks away from here
2) No lawyer can help him: the police caught him red-handed.
3) Im tired of you throwing away money like that!
4) Paul, can you give me a hand with my report?
5) Fortunately, Mike gave me a lift this morning.
6) Please keep me posted about any further developments in the case.
7) His name rings a bell, but I have such a bad memory.
8) It was difficult for them to make both ends meet.
9) Could we invite Tom to the party? Hes always good at breaking the ice.
10) Homeless persons usually live from hand to mouth.
Activity 6
Form the adverbs from the following adjectives:
attentive, cautious, comfortable, cowardly, early, efficient, equal, fast, fatal,
fearless, friendly, good, hard, hopeful, immediate, kind, late, lively, lucky, mental,
near, noisy, poor, proud, simple, skilful, sudden, terrible, wrong.
Exercise 3
Paraphrase the following sentences using an adverb in the place of the words in
italics.
1. Our public order forces behaved like heroes in the riot. 2. The policeman left
the room in a hurry. 3. One can often see homeless people in the streets looking
with hunger at the people in restaurants. 4. The woman told the police she had
hurt herself by accident. 5. The victims were beaten without mercy. 6. The chief
constable spoke with pride about his force. 7. The demonstrators marched to the
parliament building in peace. 8. The two policemen handcuffed the aggressors
with ease. 9. The witness at the crime scene seemed unbalanced in his mind. 10.
We hope that well bring the suspects in for interview by noon, said the officer
in charge.
Activity 7
Remember that an adjective qualifies a noun while an adverb qualifies a verb, an
adjective or another adverb! Decide which are the adjectives and which the adverbs
in the following sentences:
A
B
1) I work late.
I work late hours.
2) These are hard times.
She tried hard to compile the weekly report.
3) I can hardly walk.
They could hardly see a friendly face.
4) Why do you drive so fast?
That was a fast movement.
5) He came home terribly early.
There was a terrible storm outside.
6) He speaks English well.
Get well soon!
7) Thats very kind of you!
We kindly ask you to send us your offer.
8) The report was extremely badly written.
9) The increase in violent crime is surprisingly easily explained
Grammar focus
The verbs be, get, become, seem, look (=seem), taste (i.v.), feel (i.v.), smell (i.v.), etc
always require an adjective if used to express a state or sense relationship.
(i.v.) = intransitive verb
Compare
The soup tasted delicious (intransitive)
The cook tasted the soup and said it needed more salt. (transitive usage)
Exercise 4
Choose one of the variants (adjective or adverb) to complete the sentences.
Activity 8
Cercul vicios
Adevrul despre violena n familie un fenomen care ia amploare
Translate into English
Violena n familie reprezint violena sau abuzul suferit de un membru al unei familii
comise de ctre orice persoan care locuiete cu el. Victimele sunt, n cele mai multe
cazuri, femeile i copiii, dar cteodat i btrnii sau soii.
Aciuni de violen n familie sunt considerate violena fizic, ameninarea, abuzul
sexual, violul, abuzul psihic, umilirea i crima, n cazul n care se nfptuiesc n familie.
Cum este normal, toate reclamaiile ajung la poliie. n ultimii 10 ani, n Bucureti, s-a
nregistrat o cretere a infraciunilor de acest gen. Ele reprezint mai mult de jumtate din
totalul actelor de violen, a declarat col. G.R., de la Direcia de ordine public a Poliiei
Capitalei.
Conform unui studiu efectuat de Centrul de asisten i protecie a victimelor violenei
n familie, femeile cstorite sunt btute, n medie, de 35 de ori pn ca ele s solicite
ajutorul poliiei. Riscul unui atac violent n propriul lor cmin este mult mai mare dect
cel cu care femeile se confrunt cnd merg singure pe strad n timpul nopii.
Violena fizic i cruzimea psihic n cadrul familiei sunt principalele cauze ale
tendinelor infracionale i violente la tinerii n prezena crora se comit astfel de acte.
Exercise 5
Domestic Violence Safety Plan
The information below is taken from a leaflet with this title, published by the Womens
Center, Melbourne, Florida.
Complete the text entitled Safety during an explosive incident
1. If an argument (seem) ________________ unavoidable, try to have it in a room or
area with an exit and not in the kitchen, bathroom or anywhere near weapons.
2. Practise how to get out of your home safely. Identify which windows, elevator or stairs
(be) ______________ best.
3. (have) __________________ a packed bag ready and keep it in a secret but accessible
place so you can leave quickly.
4. Identify a neighbor you can tell about the violence and ask them to call the police if
they (hear) _________________ a disturbance coming from your home.
5. Devise a code word to use with your children, family, friends and neighbors when you
(need) _________________ the police.
6. Decide and plan where you (go) _________________ if you (leave) _____________
home ( even if you (not think) __________________ you (need) ______________ to).
7. If the situation (be) ________________ very dangerous, use your own instincts and
judgements to keep yourself safe. Call the police as soon as it is safe to do so.
Activity 9
The official position!
This text is from the STATE ATTORNEYS OFFICE in the same location as the
Womens Center. It is a three copy report (white, pink, yellow) and is entitled
VICTIMS NOTICE OF STATE ATTORNEY OFFICE APPOINTMENT
As a result of your Domestic Violence Complaint you are required to meet with an
Assistant State Attorney to talk about your case
on ___________ at ______________.
NOTICE OF LEGAL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES AVAILABLE
AS A VICTIM OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, you may ask the State Attorney to file a criminal
complaint. You also have the right to go to court and file a petition requesting an injunction for
protection from domestic violence which may include, but need not be limited to, provisions
which restrain the abuser from further acts of abuse; direct the abuser to leave your household;
prevent the abuser from entering your residence, school, business, or place of employment; award
you custody of your minor child or children and direct the abuser to pay support to you and the
minor children if the abuser has a legal obligation to do so.
Exercise 6
Listen to the report about cases of rape in England and Wales and complete the
information.
Clare Dyer, The Guardian Weekly, April 11-17 2002
Only one woman in _____________ reporting a rape will see her assailant convicted
according to the first study to look at the investigation and prosecution of rape cases from
start to finish. The report, produced jointly by __________________________________
and the CPS, the ____________________________________ , finds failures throughout
the system and calls for a package of measures to ________________________________
Among key recommendations are more sensitive ______________________________ of
rape complainants to increase their confidence in the system and ___________________
________________________________ to handle rape cases.
The report found that 7.35% of all cases reported to the police _____________________
______________________________________. Home Office statistics show that the rate
of conviction for rape _____________________________ from ______________ of
reported cases in 1977 to ______________ in 1999.
The study of 10 police forces and CPS areas found that only ________________ of cases
reported to the police resulted in ____________________________________________
and only _______________ of cases referred to the CPS reached court.
When cases reached court, the conviction rate (including guilty pleas) was 60.8% but
________________________________________________________________________
were acquitted.
Key findings include:
the sensitive treatment of victims is the key to securing a conviction
better training and gudiance are needed for police,
and _______________________
all allegations of rape should ________________________________________ with
specialist training
case review descisions by CPS lawyers, such as ____________________________
or____________________________ should be discussed with another specialist
lawyer
prosecuting counsel should be _____________________________ to ensure that
victims are not forced ________________________________________________
Stephen Wooler, chief inspector at the CPS inspectorate, said the figures were quite
disturbing in relation to what is an awful crime, there being few crimes which have such
a lasting effect on their victims.
Activity 10
Honour killing in Sweden silences courageous voice on ethnic integration.
Johanne Hildebrandt, Guardian Weekly, March 2002
For four years, Fadime Sahindals father threatened to kill her. But last week, she took a
risk and went to say goodbye to her mother and her sisters before leaving to study in
Africa. Just before 10 p.m., as they sat in her sisters flat in the Swedish city of Uppsala,
the doorbell rang. Her father burst in and shot Fadime in the head. She died in her
mothers arms.
Sahindal paid the ultimate price for falling in love with the wrong man and defying the
patriarchal values of her culture. Her father was an illiterate Kurdish farmer who moved
to Sweden in 1980. His family arrived four years later when Fadime was seven. Her
parents discoraged her from speaking to Swedish children at school. Instead she was told
the important thing was to return to Turkey and get married.
She grew up under the control of her father and younger brother, who physically abused
her.
During a computer course in 1996, she met and fell in love with a Swedish boy called
Patrik Lindesjo. Sahidal was under no illusion as to her fathers reaction. She knew that
he would think she was dishonouring the family. They kept their relationship a secret for
over a year but when her father eventually found out, his first reaction was to beat them
both up.
Her father disowned her, but the couple refused to be intimidated. Lindesjos parents
went to Fadimes parents to propose on his behalf but were turned down. Sahindal moved
to another town , only to be pursued and threatened by her brother. The police simply
advised her to stop talking to her family. Instead she turned to the press, giving
interviews about the conditions facing Kurdish girls in Sweden. Single-handedly she
started a debate about integration and double standards. The polices inaction in the face
of her fathers threats infuriated the public.
On a visit to Uppsala her father spotted her with Lindesjo. He attacked her, spat in her
face and screamed: Bloody whore. I will beat you to pieces. She told police: He said I
was rejected from the family and was not allowed to come back to Uppsala. If I did I
would never leave the city alive. Her father was charged and in 1998 was convicted of
making unlawful threats. Her brother, who had cursed her as a whore during the trial, was
also found guilty.
It was a bitter-sweet victory for Sahindal, who had stood up for her beliefs but had lost
her family. She often said that she loved her father and that he understood no better way
of treating her.
Then in June 1998, as the couple prepared to move into a flat together, Lindesjo was
killed when his car crashed into a concrete pillar. A police investigation, which found
nothing suspicious, has now reopened.
Fadime carried on and in November 2001 spoke to the Swedish parliament about her
struggle for freedom. Then last week, her father caught up with her. He was arrested a
couple of hours later. In court, he called Fadime the whore and then confessed to
having killed her. He said that he had to protect the familys honour.
The story has stirred deep emotions in Sweden. The government has promised about
US$170,000 to help girls in the same position. The legal age of marriage for foreigners
will be raised from 15 to 18, on a par with the age for Swedes.
Six groups representing foreigners in Sweden want to turn Sahindals funeral into a
demonstration against patriarchal cultures that allow honour killings. Sahindal, who
had said she did not want a funeral according to the rites of her native religion, may be
laid to rest beside Lindesjo at Uppsalas Protestant cathedral.
Who would you blame?
Discuss with a partner.
The father alone.
The younger brother.
The young woman herself.
The Swedish partner.
The police.
The judicial system
The Swedish government
Other Kurdish people in Sweden.
UNIT 6
The topic Child Abuse is an extremely sensitive and delicate issue. As a police officer,
concerned with legal and social circumstances, you should know about the realities of this
sad topic, both in your own country and elsewhere. Although, many of the texts and
activities seem to focus on language, the serious nature of the subject underlies everything.
Please keep this in mind and remember the human misery and suffering which is involved.
Discussion points
What is the status of children in Romania?
How serious is the issue of street children?
How do you view the issue of institutionalised children?
Is it a European issue or a national issue?
Read the text and comment on the issues raised.
Refugee children in Britain
According to Amnesty International, around 100,000 children who have escaped from
war, torture and intolerance are living in Europe, separated from their parents. For
example, around three thousand arrived in Britain in 2000. Responsibility for the care of
refugee children living alone lies with social services departments. The children are
covered by the Children Act (as are UK-born children) in which according to Section 20,
the local authority has a duty to safeguard and promote the safety of the child. The
child is fostered or accommodated in a childrens home and checks are kept on the
child even after the 18th birthday. But for separated refugee children, Section 20 of the
Act is not applied (although it could be and is applied by some local authorities). Instead,
Section 17 covers the status of separated children and only obliges the authority to house
the children in bed-and-breakfast hotels, with little support from social services.
It is very difficult for these children to provide any evidence of age, risk of persecution or
personal danger and the Home Office still considers it necessary to eliminate the
incentives which attract unaccompanied children. The Home Office policy is to prevent
them from settling in UK but suggests that where there is no prospect of safe return,
exceptional leave to stay may be granted to unaccompanied children for 4 years or until
their 18th birthday. The Home Office seeks to enforce the removal of unaccompanied
asylum-seeking children who have been refused asylum and who have no other basis to
stay in the UK when they reach 18.
As Amnesty International comments: It becomes clear why these children are almost
never granted refugee status at 18 anyone can be deported, under 18 there are
impossible protective measures which have to be met before a child can be returned.
1. What are the main concerns of the British government?
2. Are these children any less entitled to protection because they are refugees?
3. Should Britain be seeking European assistance in trying to solve these problems or is
it an exclusively British one?
Activity 1
Decide on appropriate collocations
tragic
sadistic
careless
vicious
negligent
wilful
habitual
acute
severe
serious
| driving
| event
| conduct
| cruelty
| stress
| disability
| treatment
| drunkenness
| attack
| injuries
| assault
| circumstances
| need
| behaviour
THERE MAY BE SEVERAL POSSIBLE COLLOCATIONS WITH SOME ITEMS
Activity 2
Read the text and complete the exercises.
Exercise 1
Rephrasing
Rephrase the underlined sections using a word or phrase from the text
D. Except for this incident, there is no indication that the family neglected or abused the
child
There does not appear to be any evidence that the child __________________
_________________________________________________________________.
E. The counsel for the prosecution, Mr Ray Osborne, summed up his case by praising the
action of Ms.Watkinson.
Mr Ray Osborne, __________________, praised Ms.Watkinsons action.
Exercise 2
Prepositional use
Put in the correct preposition
A. He was very impatient _______ start the meeting.
B. The child was left in the hot car ________________ the high temperature.
C. The father has been accused _______________ wilful cruelty.
D. He had intended to be absent ______________only a few minutes.
E. The time passed and minutes grew _____________ hours.
F. The off-duty special constable called ______________police officers to attend.
G. The sentence was adjourned ___________ social services reports.
H. No child should be exposed ____________ acts of parental cruelty.
I. He pleaded guilty _____________ an act of cruelty.
Exercise 3
More phrases and collocations
From the text, find expressions meaning
A.
to be in a deep sleep
B.
to fall asleep (suddenly)
C.
a short sleep (not at night)
D.
increasing problems
E.
in a very unhappy condition
F.
put/place someone in a dangerous situation
Exercise 4
How important?
2. nap
3. drop off
6. magistrates
7. court
10. plead guilty
11. adjourn
14. sentence
15. mounting
18. (time) grows into (time)
21. assaulted
22. ill-treated
24. raise the alarm
25. after all
4. get going
8. prosecuting
12. face
16. a couple of
19. wilfully
26. cot
Exercise 5
Text comprehension
Decide if the sentences are TRUE, FALSE or NOT ENOUGH INFORMATION
A. The mother was also responsible
B. The father and the other boy were away for several hours.
C. The alarm was raised by a special police officer.
D. The father expressed his regret in court.
E. The father was unemployed.
F. The punishment for this crime is a fine not less than 1000 pounds.
G. He said that he had not intended to abandon the child for a long time.
H. The judge was very severe in administering the punishment.
I. The temperature was over 30 degrees that day.
Exercise 6
Text analysis
A. Find examples of how the text is journalistic in structure or composition.
B. Does the reporter tell the case only on the basis of the facts?
C. Find examples of information which is unspecified or vague
D. How does she describe the hot day?
E. How does she describe the difficulties the family was facing?
F. When she writes by allowing him to be willfully assaulted, ill-treated, neglected,
abandoned or exposed to danger is she creating these terms herself?
In Text 1 is the language general English or specific English?
What examples of specialist terminology can you find?
Activity 3 Please read the text about a recent extremely shocking case in Britain.
Father and evil stepmother guilty of killing Lauren, 6
The evil and sadistic stepmother of
six-year-old Lauren Wright was
convicted of her killing yesterday, as
was the father who turned a blind eye
to the abuse against her.
A jury at Norwich Crown Court found
Tracey Wright, 31, and Craig Wright,
38, guilty of manslaughter and cruelty
after a four-week trial. The pair will be
sentenced at a later date.
Laurens emaciated body was covered in
60 bruises and she weighed just over two
stones (about 14 kilograms) when she
died on May 6 last year. The girl, whose
digestive system collapsed after a severe
blow to the stomach, died in agony, with
terrible and disgusting injuries
I am sure you agree that this a very sad and shocking case
These 3 link headlines were next to the article. What do they suggest?
Discuss the issues involved in such cases.
Tragic tale of a child
unwanted from day of
her birth
People in a small
village dont want
to get involved.
Growing workload blamed
for failing children at risk
.
Activity 4
In trying to improve your language skills, you should think of vocabulary
priorities. These will not be identical for all learners but it is clear that for
a police officer, certain terms have more frequent use and occurrence than
for non-specialists. Discuss the location of the vocabulary items from
the text and headlines.
CORE 1
public inquiry
hearing
chairman
child abuse
manslaughter
victim
lead the investigation
cruelty
trial
jury
find guilty
sentence
workload
to fail ( someone)
to get involved
convicted
children at risk
severe
Crown Court
CORE 2
stepmother
a blow ( .. to the head etc.)
bruise
emaciated
digestive system
sadistic
injuries
CORE 3
reminiscent of
turn a blind eye to ..
in many quarters
our thoughts are with
rule out
EXERCISE 7
Complete using the correct form of the verbs given to express the circumstances of the
two cases. You may select an appropriate MODAL form, add negatives as necessary or
use a PASSIVE version.
1. If the window of the car (be open) the baby (die)
__________________________________________________________________
2. If the special constable (call) the police the father (charge) with cruelty.
___________________________________________________________________
3. If the family (have) problems perhaps the father (act) in this cruel manner.
____________________________________________________________________
4. If the father (be) alone (i.e. not with his other son) he (come back) earlier.
______________________________________________________________________
5. If the village people (intervene) the little girl Lauren (save).
______________________________________________________________________
6. If the local social services (be) more observant they (notice) the signs of child abuse.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. If the father (care about) his own daughter he (prevent) the stepmother from being so
cruel to Lauren.
________________________________________________________________________
8. A public inquiry (hold) if there (be) another child abuse case hearing.
________________________________________________________________________
9. If social workers (have) such a heavy workload they (be able) to help cases like
Laurens.
________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 8
Children in need
Classifying needs.
Look at the descriptions of the official need code categories for Children in Need.
Locate the headings for each description.
Activity 5
Children in Need
Listening
This text is taken from an official report, published in England (i.e. not including
Scotland, Wales and Ireland) in early 2000. Local authorities, responsible for
dealing with the problem of children in need, had been asked to provide statistical
data. As you listen, complete the statistical information and other details.
MAIN RESULTS
Numbers of children in need
There were just under (1)__________________ Children in Need in England in
February 2002
(2) ___________________ of them were children looked after and the remaining
317.000 were other Children in Need
Social Services are providing services for nearly a (3) _______________ Children in
Need in a typical week
92% of Children Looked After and 54% of other Children in Need receive a service
or have money spent on their behalf in a typical week (either in terms of
(4) ________________________ or in terms of the Local Authority paying for
facilities (e.g. accommodation/ residential costs)
Characteristics of Children in Need
The main need for social service intervention is cases of abuse and neglect which
account for (5) ______________________ of all Children Looked After and 28% of
other Children in Need
About 12% of the Children in Need population are (6) _________________disabled,
and they received (7) ___________________ of the gross expenditure on Children in
Need
At least 16% of Children in Need are from (8) __________________ which is about
one and a half times the figure for the under 18 population as a whole)
Costs and resources
Services for Children in Need cost Social Services on average about 41 million a
week 26 million per week on Children Looked After and 15 million on other
Children in Need.
About half of these costs are accounted for by regular welfare benefit payments (on
residential/ fostering/ adoption costs) for Children Looked After
The average Child Looked After costs Social Services (9) ________________and
other Children in Need cost 85 per week to maintain.
Activity
The average Child Looked After receives 4.3 hours per week of service from Social
Work staff, either in (10) ________________________
Other Children in Need receive on average about 2.9 hours per week of staff or centre
time
EXERCISE 9
Adverbs in official texts
Notice the way adverbs are used in official communication and select from these adverbs
to complete the sentences. In some sentences, there are several possibilities.
mainly/ primarily /inadequately/ fundamentally
unacceptably/ chronically / detrimentally/
A. This need arises _________________ because of parental neglect although there are
some other less significant factors.
B. The child must be looked after as he has behaved __________________in the
community and at school.
C. The parents both have drinking problems which means they are ________________
prepared to look after the children.
D. Over a long period of time, the parents have shown themselves to be
_____________________ incapable of looking after their own children.
E. Removing the child from the home environment would impact _________________
on its obvious improvement in behaviour and social responsibility.
F. The social services Children in Need report deals ________________ with those
children who are in the care of local authorities. There must be many more whose
needs are ______________________ met by present social services arrangements.
EXERCISE 10
Statistics in reports
Notice the way various expressions are used to express quantity or statistical
relationships.
Find these expressions in Activity 5
. the remaining
at least
about one and a half times the figure
as a whole
the average child
receives on average
per week
just under
nearly quarter of a million
accounts for just over
just over half of
about
What do these figures refer to ?
A.
4.3
B.
56%
F.
435
C. 16%
D. 64,000
G. 41 million/week
E. 14%
EXERCISE 11
Vocabulary round up
Correct the mistake in each sentence (from the section underlined) with an
appropriate word from the text.
1. Social services assess the action to be taken to help a child as the need raises.
_________________________________________________________________
2. If a parent is ill or has acute or chronic mental problems, the capacity of that parent is
said to be imperfect.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. A childs anti-social behaviour has an impression on the family, school-life and social
surroundings.
________________________________________________________________________
4. The payments which the state (social services) might make to an individual or to a
family are called wellbeing payments.
________________________________________________________________________
5. Social services spend a lot of money to mention the needs of children at risk.
____________________________________________________________________
UNIT 7
A) Ministers also want to strengthen the law on rape to tackle the appallingly low 9%
conviction rate, and define consent by setting the prosecution the lower test of proving that
the victim had not given their voluntary and genuine agreement.
B) It is expected that the new offence would apply to a man or woman over 18 who was
involved in a sexual act with a child under 16. This would ensure that all children under 16
get the same level of protection. The law would cover those who incited, induced or
compelled a child to carry out a sexual act, whether on the accused, another person or the
child himself.
C) Ministers want to call the new offence adult sexual activity with a child, rather than
adult sexual abuse of a child so it might include offences involving no physical contact,
such as a recent case where a man incited two young girls to undress.
The offence would cover an adult who forced a child to witness a sexual act, whether it was
live or recorded. It would ensure that much heavier penalties were available to courts for
child sex offences. It is also expected that the offence would not carry any time limits.
D) A new crime of adult sexual activity with a child, and a reform of the law on rape are to
be included in an overhaul of Britains laws on sex offences, which are to be introduced into
parliament this year.
The catch-all criminal offence the first of this kind anywhere in the world recognizes that
sexual activity between adults and children is unacceptable, and that some cases are so
serious that they warrant a life sentence.
E) It would still be for the prosecution to prove that the woman did not consent to sex if the
defense said that she did. The law will still list examples where such consent is not present,
such as where the person was asleep, or too affected by alcohol or drugs to give voluntary
and genuine agreement.
F) Ministers have begun to thrash out their detailed response to an internal Home Office
review of the law on sex offences, published in July 2000. The new crime of adult sexual
activity with a child will replace the seven different sex offences used to prosecute in child
sex cases such as indecent assault, intercourse with a girl under 13, gross indecency and
buggery
G) The changes in law on rape will not see the introduction of a lesser offence of date rape.
The legal concept of consent, however, is to be clarified and defined as voluntary and
genuine agreement.
(Alan Travis: The Guardian)
HERE IS A QUOTATION ON A DOMESTIC VIOLENCE STUDY MADE BY AN
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY.
The battered woman is pictured by most people as a small, fragile, haggard person who
might once have been pretty. She has several small children, no job skills, and is
economically dependent on her husband. It is frequently assumed that she is poor and from a
minority group. She is accustomed to living in violence, and her fearfulness and passivity are
emphasized above all. Although some battered women do fit the description, research proves
it to be a false stereotype.
Activity 2
DEBATE
A.
Do you agree with this point of view?
Does the description above fit your perception of battered women?
Present your personal point of view on the issue.
B.
In pairs discuss the subject according to the following key issues on the topic of domestic
violence
Low self-esteem; violent background; traditionalism; economic factors; cultural factors;
family stress; changing pattern of family life
Exercise 1
Fill in the gaps using the words in the table:
advertisements, across, able, and, clutches, condemn, contract, director, difficult, end
entrepreneur, efforts, fate, involved, nation, of, Patriarch, personal, romantic, southern,
streets, they, threatens, Ukraine, with, wound.
One shrewd 1).. formed a company called "Love You". This company is 2) .. in enlisting
Ukrainian women and girls to marry Serbian men, who live in the mountainous regions of
southern Serbia. 3) .. say that this program of marriage received the unofficial approval 4) ..
the Yugoslavian government and the blessing of the Serbian 5) ... Paul, because it proposes to
renew the gene pool of the 6) ... Obviously, this firm has enough profits to place TV 7) .. for
enlistment of women from the Orthodox world especially from 8) ...
Beginning in the spring of 1997, the city of Cherkass 9) .. the oblast (region) had the
opportunity to view several 10) .. TV advertisements proposing marriage in the picturesque
mountain region of 11) .. Serbia, with similar ads in the local newspapers.
Some women were brave enough to make radical changes in their 12) .. lives. We cannot
13) .. them in this. We are all aware that life in Ukraine at this time is 14) .. and
especially so for women. But if our women knew the 15) ... that awaited them they would
make all 16) . to remain at home.
One resident of Cherkass was 17) .., through a miracle, to escape the 18) .. of her new
Serbian husband. But now she has a problem with the 19) .. of this marriage agency who
threatens her 20) .. death if she doesn't compensate him monetarily for breaking the 21)
... This "businessman" 22) .. to find her in Ukraine if she manages to get 23) .. the
border of Yugoslavia. This woman might easily 24) .. up without any documents or help
on the 25) .. of Belgrade.
Activity 3
Read the text
SERBS CRACK DOWN ON SEX SLAVE TRADE
Serbian police have begun to crack down on white slave trade in women tricked into
prostitution in the Balkans. In the biggest operation conducted so far by the organized crime
department, hundreds of officers raided more than 400 nightclubs, dance bars and cafes,
freeing dozens of young women. They arrested 150 people on charges ranging from
procuring prostitutes to possessing drugs and arms.
This is good news, said Enrico Ponziani, head of the international office for migration in
Belgrade, which is opening a safe shelter for liberated women and children. We are talking
about thousands, not hundreds, of women and children who are trafficked through Serbia
every year. We need more operations of that nature.
He said that Serbia was often the starting point for the trade in women and children as young
as 14. Most were from Romania and former Soviet republics of Moldova and Ukraine,
fleeing economic misery at home. They arrived in Serbia believing they were going to jobs as
nannies and waitresses in Western Europe.
When they cross the border they are housed somewhere in Serbia and ordered to hand over
their passports, Mr. Ponziani said. At that point they start to realize they have been tricked.
They are slaves because theyre being forced to do things they had no idea they would be
forced to do.
He said the women were traded between Albania, Serbia and Bosnia many times. They were
moved illegally into Macedonia, Kosovo and Bosnia to serve new clients.
In Serbia one of the women freed said that she had been sold for $500. She escaped from
Kazanova dance club in Panchevo, near Belgrade, which is run by Rade Spelovic.
Serbian police describe Mr. Spelovic as one of the untouchable leaders of the slave trade.
They said that he had threatened to unleash fierce dogs on any of the women who tried to
escape.
Western officials say that for every Serb running the trade, there are many more people in
Romania, Ukraine and Moldova organizing their end of the business. The officials are
mounting an awareness campaign in the Balkans and in the former Soviet Union to alert
police and victims to the realities of work abroad.
Exercise 2
Match these words or phrases with the underlined expressions in the text.
a) to untie, to let loose
b) to accommodate (often temporarily)
c) to tighten up, to restrict severely d) to vary between,
e) to fool, to cheat
f) to start, to launch ( a programme/ campaign etc.)
Activity 4
Translate into English
Dei nici concubina nu-i tie adevratul nume,
CREIERUL UNEI RETELE DE TRAFIC DE CARNE VIE A FOST CAPTURAT DE
POLITISTII DE LA CRIMA ORGANIZATA
Dup mai multe sptmni de cercetri, poliitii Centrului Zonal de Combatere a Crimei
Organizate i Antidrog Timioara i colegii lor din cadrul Direciei Generale Bucureti, au
reuit s dezlege misterul care blocase cercetrile ntr-unul dintre ultimele dosare referitoare
la activitatea unei reele de trafic de carne vie. La nceputul lunii februarie, poliitii
timioreni au descins ntr-un apartament de pe malul Begi i au gsit aici cinci tinere, ntre
care dou minore, care urmau s fie trecute ilegal n Iugoslavia, pentru a ajunge n Italia i
Spania, ca s se prostitueze. Atunci a fost reinut i unul dintre proxenei Buciu Raoul, de
24 de ani, din Timioara, care a fost arestat pe 30 de zile pentru proxenetism. Din cercetri sa stabilit ca adevratul creier al afacerii era alt barbat, despre care nu se tia dect ca-l
cheam Dan. S-a aflat doar c acesta are o concubin n Timioara. n urma descinderii la
locuina acesteia s-a stabilit c nici femeia, care era gravid n luna a opta cu cel cutat, nu-i
tia adevrata identitate. A fost gsit o fotografie, care a constituit punctul de plecare. n
urma verificrilor, poliitii Direciei Generale de Combatere a Crimei Organizate i Antidrog
l-au identificat pe cel din poz ca fiind Buciuleac Ioan, de 31 de ani, zis Dan, care avea
domiciliul in Bucureti. Ofierii de la Crim Organizat din Bucureti au descins la locuina
acestuia, dar o persoan aflat n interior a refuzat s le deschid ua. Dupa obinerea
autorizaiei de percheziie, poliitii au intrat n for, reinndu-l pe suspect. Acesta are la
activ mai multe furturi, nelciuni i alte infraciuni. Demn de remarcat este faptul c, de
multe dintre pedepse a scpat, ascunzndu-se pn la prescrierea faptelor. Smbt,
Buciuleac a fost prezentat Parchetului de pe lng Tribunalul Timi, cu propunere de
arestare preventiv pe 30 de zile, sub acuzaia de proxenetism n form agravat. n cazul n
care va fi gsit vinovat, el risc o pedeaps ntre 2 i 7 ani de nchisoare.
(Drago Boa)
Activity 5
Read the text
WOMENS LIBERATION MOVEMENT
From suffragettes to policewomen
Born in Worthington in 1820, Elizabeth Greer was educated at the Female Seminary in
Worthington where she later taught. In 1844, Elizabeth married Harvey Coit and moved to a
house on 3rd street in Columbus where she eventually had eight children. An avid supporter
of women's rights, Elizabeth Greer Coit became the first president of the Woman's Suffrage
Association in Columbus. For many years, the Suffrage Association met in her home once a
month to plan the advancement of women. A friend of such luminaries as Susan B. Anthony,
Lucy Stone, Frances Willard, and Mary Livermore, Elizabeth opened her home to suffragists.
Her husband and children sympathized with her work. A delegate to a state convention for
women's suffrage that met in Columbus in 1884, she was also treasurer of the state
association, attended their meetings, and served as an effective speaker on the suffrage
lecture circuit in Columbus and neighboring towns when this cause was singularly
unpopular. As a reward for her hard work, Elizabeth received much public opprobrium,
spiteful personal remarks, and hateful letters. She bore it all with great patience.
Once her eight-year-old daughter Belle ran home from school sobbing, "Mother, are you
strong-minded and do you wear pants?" In response, Elizabeth calmly replied, "My dear, I
hope I am strong-minded. I should be very sorry to have had children if I were feebleminded."
INFO BOX
Suffragette
A suffragette was a woman in Britain, Australia and the United States in the early 20th
century who was a member of a group that demanded the right of women to vote and that
increased awareness of the matter with a series of public protests. In one incident, the
suffragette Emily Davidson threw herself under the King's horse at the Derby in 1913 in
order to draw attention to the campaign.
Suffragist
A suffragist is someone who supports suffrage, esp. a supporter of the right of women to
vote in the early 20th century.
Suffrage
The right to vote in an election, esp. for representatives in a parliament or similar
organization.
Examples
There have only been Labour administrations for 20 out of the 72 years since universal
male suffrage was introduced.
Female suffrage was introduced in South Australia in 1894.
Discuss the idea of emancipation, womens rights and womens liberation in the modern
world.
The text above contains a paradox:
As a reward for her hard work, Elizabeth received much public opprobrium, spiteful
personal remarks, and hateful letters.
Activity 6
DEBATE:
Activity 7
Read the text about the situation in Afghanistan
Discuss with your partner what the status of refugees means and that of internally
displaced persons (IDPs)
This text was written before the intervention in Afghanistan in October 2001
SOME AFGHANS SURVIVE BY SELLING THEIR CHILDREN
By BRIAN MURPHY, Associated Press Writer
MAZAR-E-SHARIF, Afghanistan (AP) - The deal was arranged even before the baby's birth.
The price for the infant: enough to feed the family for another month
In an extraordinary act of desperation, some Afghan parents say they've sold their children
for about the price of a restaurant meal in the West an amount that even in this
impoverished country is not huge but can make the difference between life and death for the
poorest of the poor.
"Parting with my baby was hard. But watching my family die slowly of hunger is even
worse," said Agha Mir, 25, who claimed he turned over his 4-day-old son in December to a
relatively prosperous Afghan family for the equivalent of $60.
The money, he said, paid for about a month's worth of food for his wife and six remaining
children in the teeming Dashteh Arzana refugee camp outside the northern city of Mazar-eSharif. He said a middleman from the city's bazaar made the arrangements while his wife
was pregnant.
"And now the money is gone," moaned Mir's mother, Oyna Khal. "We're back to living on
wild grass and carrots. Maybe we will have to sell another child."
It is impossible to independently verify all the claims of baby selling or estimate the number
of children sold. There is no record-keeping, and the transactions occur on the murky
margins of society.
But relief coordinators and others acknowledge the reports and note that setting a price for
family members in Afghanistan is not taboo. Traditionally, dowries of several thousands of
dollars huge sums for Afghans are paid for brides. Infants especially boys for
families with only girls also apparently have commanded a good price in the past.
"We get information about baby selling, but it's hard to say how widespread it is," said
Mahboob Shareef, head of northern Afghanistan operations for UNICEF. "We knows this
happens among the poorest of the poor."
Mohammed Hashim can only walk a few paces before the pain becomes too much. Severe
arthritis has left his joints swollen and misshapen. In mid-January, he set off by car from his
villages in the Dar-e-Suf region south of Mazar-e-Sharif for a refugee camp along the main
northern roadway. To pay for the journey, he said, he sold his 2-year-old son to a family in a
neighboring village with only daughters. He received about $30.
"I was alone. There was no other way," said Hashim, a 25-year-old widower whose wife died
two years ago. "I miss my boy so much. I could only sell the little one. They didn't want the
other."
His remaining son, 9-year-old Sejawdin, is almost completely deaf.
Faisal Mohammed, administrator of the central orphanage in Mazar-e-Sharif, said he came
across a man in the city's bazaar begging someone to buy his 6-year-old daughter.
"It struck me how bad our country has become when you can put your child for sale like a
piece of fruit," Mohammed said. "We cannot deny that people are selling their children. After
23 years of war, people are left with nothing and, worst of all, no hope. They see no other
options."
In past generations, poor Afghan families would sometimes send children to live temporarily
with better-off relatives. Now, it appears that system may be eroding because of the twin
hardships of warfare and drought, Mohammed said.
"We saw this happening during the Taliban time. Some people saw their children as a way to
make quick money," he said.
Eight months ago while the Taliban was still in power a pushcart porter and his wife
said they sold their 4-day-old son to neighbors because they couldn't afford the medicine to
treat the woman's postnatal bleeding and other medical complications. They received about
$30, said the couple, who have six other children.
"We used to go see the boy, but the family now has told us to stay away," said the mother,
Dilaram, who like many Afghans goes by one name. "The money was soon gone. I am still
sick and our child is gone forever."
QUESTIONS:
How can war affect the lives of ordinary people?
Is selling children a solution for the Afghans future life?
Has selling their own children anything to do with the social condition of the Afghan
woman?
Activity 8
THE PROBLEM OF WHITE SLAVERY AT THE END OF THE SECOND MILLENNIUM
- Listen to the tape. You will hear three prostitutes talking about their distressing lives.
-
How do you see prostitution- as a job, a profession, a scandal for a civilised society?
Do you agree with any form of legalisation of prostitution in Romania? Give reasons
for and against.
Activity 9
Below you have a fragment of a letter.Who do you think has written this letter? What
could you do in answer to the plea in the letter?
Choose two class mates and devise a plan of action meant to counter the situation
described in the letter.
"...Help the girls from Ukraine. Their situation is hopeless. They need
immediate help. They were taken in a deceiving manner to local bars to work
as dancers, where they are forced into prostitution. The girls do not receive
any money and the bar owner makes a tremendous profit on them. The
corrupt local police help to establish these places and to avoid planned police
raids.
The girls' documents are taken away. They threaten and harass them. They
have no way of escaping from this hell and almost all want to return home.
During the day they keep them prisoners in a room, and at night force them to
sleep with clients. In one such night, with one girl, the owner makes 200-300
German marks and for one hour- 100 marks. If the girl begins to protest, they
get harassed, beaten and not given anything to eat. They have no place to
look to for help. They are later resold to the Muslim part of Bosnia, from where
there is no return forever.
These people are without heart, horrible mafiosi, who work in close contact
with the police. Often the girls commit suicide. In their name I turn to you to
help them return home to Ukraine. My name I cannot give because I will be
killed by the mafia if they find out about this letter. In the name of God and
Truth help! Each woman has a right to life, has a right to manage herself and
her body. She is not a white slave who can be discounted or killed.
I hope for your help very much.."
Activity 10
Using the words in the box, enlarge on the ideas emphasized by the seminar by writing
a few sentences about each point.
- Human capital
- Human resources management
- Police service
- Equal treatment of women and men in the police
Compare your ideas with your partner's.
Look at the objectives below.
What organisation do they belong to?
Can you think of standards and processes you could employ to achieve the objectives ?
Jokes ?
A police graduate fresh from the Academy is on the beat. He sees a priest in the street.
Without any warning he begins beating him. After a while, having beaten him severely, he
says panting: A Ninja, ha? So you think youre a Ninja from the American movies, do you?
Thats what I think of you, Ninja!!!
What did the policeman say after coming out of a sewage canal he had fallen into?
Its a good thing the lid wasnt on!
Two policemen meet:
Hi, Ghitza!
Hi, Costica!
Can you tell me what vacuum means?
Well, I have it in my brain, but I cant explain it to you now.
GRAMMAR
Verb + full infinitive (with to)
Verb + -ing
Verb + short infinitive (i.e. without to )
Some verbs are followed by a to infinitive, but they cannot take an ing verb. Some examples are given in
the box.
agree, aim, ask, decline, demand, fail, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, plan, prepare,
refuse, want, wish.
EXAMPLES
1.
2.
3.
Some verbs take the ing form of the verb, but do not accept a to infinitive after them. Examples
admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, detest, dread, envisage, feel like, finish, imagine, recall,
regret, resent, risk, suggest
EXAMPLES
4. The British police have sometimes considered carrying guns but many officers can't imagine having
them as a matter of routine.
5. The defence counsel regretted calling the accused's brother as a character witness.
Some verbs are followed by a short infinitive after an object; there are also a few verbs, with idiomatic
meaning, that require a short infinitive after them:
feel, hear, overhear, see, watch, have, let, make, hear, tell, make believe, let go
6. The surveillance officers overheard the suspects admit to have been in the building at the time.
7. The officers could only watch the kidnapper leave with his hostages.
Exercise 3
REPHRASE using the correct form of the verb in capital letters and one of the
patterns.
1. Maybe this is the hotel we are looking for.
(APPEAR)
2. They said they would like me to come with them on the trip.
(INVITE)
(REGRET)
4. The police believed he was the criminal because of the evidence. (LEAD)
5. Does using the hotel sauna cost a lot?
(PAY)
(ENABLE)
(REQUIRE)
(RISK)
(MANAGE)
(BE NO USE)
Exercise 4
Choose the most appropriate answer(s)
1. We needed
a) the car to be mended b) the car mending c) the car to be mending
d) the car mended
2. The teacher reminded the papers.
a) us where to leave b) us where we had to leave c) where we had to leave
d) where to leave
3. Id advise more.
a) to study
b) you to study
c) you studying
d) your studying
c) him winning
d) him to win
b) he to win
e) having committed
b) him buy
b) to come
c) come
d) came
b) him run
c) him running
d) him ran
UNIT 8
Chapeltown area, and the wave of organised racism that spread through the country in
the 1960s and 70s settled on the terraces of Elland Road, where the National Front
recruited openly.
Nick Varley, a Leeds supporter and author of the authoritative Park Life, a Search for
the Heart of Football, recalls hearing at his first match a call-and-response chant
involving "hundreds, possibly thousands of fans", aimed at the one black player on the
pitch.
"Trigger, trigger, trigger," called one side of the stand.
"Shoot that f****** nigger," came the reply.
"Which f****** nigger?"
"That f****** nigger," was the answer, as the crowd pointed at the target of their
venom.
"All around me were fans who joined in," writes Varley. "Not everyone, by any means,
but a lot." By the late 70s, a white Leeds fan, Paul Thomas, had had enough of standing
among what he felt was the silent majority. Along with friends and activists from the
local trades council, he set up Leeds United Against Racism, in order to challenge the
presence of fascists at the ground. "I thought either you tolerated the racism or you did
something about it," he says. When they told police they intended to leaflet (9) the
ground with an anti-racist message, the initial reaction was hostile. The police made it
known through the press that they feared political violence would break out. The club
considered suing the campaigners for unauthorised use of the club badge on the leaflets.
But, says Thomas, the response from fans was encouraging. "Quite a few came up and
congratulated us, saying stuff like: 'It's about time somebody did something about that
lot.
Under pressure from the council, which then owned the ground, club officials were
persuaded to meet the demonstrators. Despite the choruses of hate ringing from its
stands, the managing director refused to believe there was a problem and demanded
proof. The anti-racists produced Terror on the Terraces, recording the abuse. "It's not as
though we did any great undercover work," says Thomas. "We were just reporting what
had already been reported."
Gradually, thanks to persistent activism, a change of management at the club and more
pressure from the council, the atmosphere started to improve. There were statements
condemning racist chanting from senior management and regular adverts in the
programme against racism. The club developed its links with local black and Asian
communities (it is presently working with Kosovan refugees). It also distributes antiracist certificates to schools.
Racism has not been eliminated there, any more than it has anywhere else in the
country, but it is no longer the dominant culture. Recently Thomas sat near a racist
heckler and was backed by other fans when he asked him to stop. When the man
threatened Thomas, he called the club's anti-racist hotline to complain. The club called
him back quickly, asked detailed questions about the incident, and then called again to
say the man's
season ticket had been withdrawn.
Now, once again, Leeds United finds itself associated with allegations of racism,
although this time very much against the run of play. Many Leeds fans - including
committed anti-racists such as Thomas - believe racism was not a factor: "I think it tells
you more about young men and alcohol than it does about race," he says.
Activity 1
Explain the meaning of the underlined words
Discuss with a partner the issue of racial abuse, football culture and the roles of the
police and the authorities.
Is this poster effective? Why?
The above poster is part of the Metropolitan Police (London) campaign to stop socalled hate crime. There are other posters in the series which can be seen at their
web-site
www.met.police.uk
Read this text about the approach to multi-ethnic society policing in the
Netherlands.
Activity 2
Some years ago, it might still have been possible to wonder whether the multiethnic
society was a reality. Nowadays, we would do better not to fool ourselves with such
basic questions any longer, and to face the facts instead. Allow me to use a metaphor to
illustrate our vision. In major European cities, there are probably still a number of small
local shops, such as the greengrocer on the corner of the street in an old quarter of the
city. There are shops like that in Rotterdam, too. The greengrocer has always sold
traditional Dutch vegetables such as sprouts and cauliflower, which are displayed, fresh
from the auction, in wooden boxes in front of the shop in the morning. But the
population in these districts has changed and many residents of exotic origins prefer
eggplants, olives and rice to traditional goods like cauliflowers and potatoes.
The greengrocer now has two options:
* he may either adjust the range of products he sells to the altered population of
the neighborhood and stay in business;
* or he can keep on selling what he has always sold, and as a result he will have
to close down his shop after a while.
The police are, in fact, in the exact same situation as this greengrocer. But there is one
major difference: the police can never close down their shop: they will always be in
business.
(Eric van der Horst Rotterdam Rijnmond Police Department)
Discussion
What do you regard as your police service mission in Policing a multicultural society?
With a partner, speak about the necessary changes, aims and objectives with reference to
this dimension of policing.
Exercise 1
Law must be ......(1) if civilized man is to survive. Society cannot depend completely on
simple persuasion to induce law observance, and therefore it must require enforcement
of law. The term .......(2) implies, as does the very nature of man, the potential use of
........(3) and this potential, then, is necessarily a part of the police role. But the manner
in which this potential is viewed by the public ......(4) often determines whether the
police .....(5) is good or bad. Because good police image tends, to affect favorably an
individuals willingness ........(6) the law voluntarily, police retain a rightful interest in a
good image. The law enforcement officer .....(7) the law so visibly and directly that
neither the policeman nor the public find it easy to differentiate between the law and its
enforcement. Relatively few citizens recall ever having seen a judge, fewer still, a
prosecutor, coroner, sheriff ........(8) officer or prison .......(9). The patrolman is
thoroughly familiar to all this ......(10) picks him ....(11) from the crowd so distinctly that
he becomes a living symbol of the law. Whether the police like it or not, they are forever
marked men.
Read the text about a strategy developed by the Dutch police in order to meet the
needs of a multicultural society.
A few years ago we came to the conclusion that was necessary to develop a police
policy in our service that would address the issues of multi ethnicity and the
consequences for our organization. We especially aimed at Turkish and Moroccan
youngsters for several reasons. One of the reasons was that we already had police
officers with another ethnic background coming from our former colonies. We have
chosen an integrated approach.
Therefore this project was divided into four sub-projects:
1. recruitment and selection
2. inflow and career development
3. police training
4. prevention, conflict handling and combating discrimination
It was necessary to develop new methods and policies in these four fields.
In our regular recruitment campaigns we used national newspapers, radio and television
guides for our advertisements. We also broadcast commercials. It became clear that we
couldnt reach certain ethnic communities through media. Therefore we had to look for
other ways to get in contact with our target group. We contacted ethnic minority
organisations and asked them for advice.
Another important part of the project concerned selection. We discovered that to a
certain extend our selection process was culturally biased. As an answer to that problem
we tried to develop so-called culturally sensitive tests:
BACON
BEARD
BEER
ADULTERY
Question: What does not belong in this series?
In this example, it is important to realise that you have to approach it from an Islamic
reference in order to be able to answer the question.
We also learned that it is very important to involve colleagues from the grass-roots
level in recruitment and selection. Colleagues were trained to do selection interviews.
This way they have the idea that they are able to recruit their own future colleagues, and,
by doing this, feel committed to the newcomers from a very early stage. More changes
were needed to offer a friendly environment to these newcomers. A very simple
example is the menu in the police restaurant. This also became more and more
multicultural over the past few years.
Discussion
Do you think that it is necessary to recruit members of minority groups into all aspects
of the justice system? Does this happen in Romania and in our police organization?
Exercise 2
Exercise 6
1. It is not only nice to know but there also is a need to know what is going on in society
and anticipate those changes. No one is born with the necessary skills to provide full
police services.
2. To establish their importance as a legitimate force in society, the police have a
professional interest in reflecting the same ethnic diversity in their organisation.
3. Racial incidents reported to the police must be treated carefully. Victims must be
heard and helped. Procedures should be transparent, especially for victims.
4. Learning from and respecting each other. It is obvious that you will only learn to
overcome cultural differences if you meet and interact with other cultures.
Exercise 7
Decide on appropriate collocations. (A + B) and (B +A)
B
A
behaviour, undercover, to take, statutory, legislation, authority, minority, law,
to enforce, racial, liaison, community, racist, action, operation, officer, of
code, ethnic, protection
practice, sexist, ombudsman, incident
Reading text 3
Briefing Paper for discussion on Muslim Delegations meeting with Home Office
Minister, Ms. Angela Eagle.
Fault lines in Community Relations.
A delegation of Muslim community leaders met the Home Office Minister Ms. Angela
Eagle this afternoon. The meeting was planned in order to raise with her their serious
concerns over the dangerous fault lines that have shown up in recent weeks in
community relations in Britain as manifested by the outbreak of disturbances in
Northern England.
The most blatant example of rash and mindless police behaviour, if not, let us assume,
an act of deliberate racism, was the senseless and brutal beating up of none other than
the Labour Party National Executive Member Shahid Malik and in front of the rolling
TV cameras. Everyone watched Shahid Malik telling the police to hold back, Its OK,
he was saying to them after having restrained a group of angry youths behind him. He
was instead pounced upon by the police and hit ferociously, thrown on the ground and
handcuffed. This one incident did raise a few important questions the delegation told the
minister.
Didnt the police in Burnley know who Shahid Malik was, instead of mistaking him for
one of the thugs? If they did not know Shahid Malik nor even his father, the deputy
mayor of the town, then it says a great deal about the police relationship with the local
community. However, even if they happened not to know who the gentleman was,
couldnt they see that here was a citizen trying to prevent a clash between the police and
the youths?
The case is highly significant, said the delegation, in that it served as a powerful and
poignant reminder to the eyes and minds of the community on what it meant to be a
Pakistani or Bangladeshi in Britain.
The disturbances have shown a great deficit in police-community relations. However,
the problem being large and multidimensional, besides local internal inquiries, the
Muslim community leaders demanded the setting up of a high powered Commission of
Inquiry, something like Scarman. The inquiry should examine the failures and
shortcomings of policies and look into the causes that have been breeding social tension
and conflict; it should recommend measures and policies in order to stop the slide
towards social exclusion and create a genuinely equal and inclusive multicultural
society.
Exercise 8
Find a word in the text that has the same or similar meaning to the following:
worriers
outburst
unashamed
sudden attack (v)
conflict
reproduce
ask for
DISCUSSION
1. Do you think the police have failed in their relations with the community? Why?
2. In what way do you think this article and the way the events are emphasized influence
public opinion?
3. Discuss the role of the media in conflicts like this.
Activity 4
Role play
Imagine you are at a press conference. The class is divided into two groups- the
reporters and representatives of the police authorities.
Prepare a set of questions and answers in order to find out the truth about what really
happened to the Labour Party National Executive member, Shahid Malik and how the
police think they will try to improve community relations in future.
Activity 5
Translate into English
This is a summary of the other recommendations made to the Minister.
- Importana stabilirii unor relaii mai bune ntre comunitile etnice i liderii lor
pe de o parte i autoritile locale pe de alt parte.
- Nevoia de cooperare mai strns ntre moschei i centrele islamice n vederea
folosirii mai bune a facilitilor de care dispun, prin nfiinarea unor Comitete
consultative.
Activity 6
Drug Mules- the Jamaican Connection
Listen to the text and complete the information
Operation Trident a joint Customs and police operation to tackle Jamaican
yardie gangs.
1) On December 14 2001, British police charged ______________________________
with _____________________________ into Londons Gatwick Airport, just over a
week after _____________________________________________________________
into Heathrow Airport.
2) The Jamaicans charged included _________________________ and all were
believed to have _____________________________________. They could all face
_________________________________.
3) Another seven people of unknown nationality were arrested after police allowed a
mule on the same flight to _______________________________________________
and ________________________________________ where he was delivering the
drugs.
4) It is not clear if the smugglers were ________________________________ or
acting separately.
A British Customs and Excise spokeswoman said the arrests underlined the fact that the
British authorities would not tolerate drug smuggling and those who swallowed drugs
were likely to get caught.
5) According to the spokeswoman, airlines ___________________________________
______________________ when passengers behaviour was suspicious. For example,
if passengers __________________________________, typical behaviour of those who
have swallowed drugs.
6) Customs officers have stressed that ________________________________________
_____________________________________________ In October, a woman coming
from Kingston _______________________________.
7) A post-mortem found that she ___________________________________________
8) More than 30 other people ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________
9) The latest arrests and ______________________________ recently passed on
several Jamaicans should deter people from drugs smuggling.
Size
Number
of EMO
% of EMO
% of EM
population
in region
Avon and
Somerset
Bedfordshire
Derbyshire
Dyfed (Wales)
G. Manchester
Lancashire
Merseyside
(incl.Liverpool)
Met. Police
Northamptonshire
Nottinghamshire
Staffordshire
West Midlands
West Yorkshire
2965
35
1.1
Increase of
EMO to
achieve
target
24
1050
1768
1013
6890
3245
4270
36
35
1
166
39
73
3.4
1.97
0.09
2.4
1.2
1.7
10
3.28
1
7.58
5
2.04
69
23
9
356
123
14
26106
1162
865
33
3.3
2.84
25
2.32
5661
On target
2269
2271
7215
5065
60
33
300
134
2.64
1.45
4.16
2.64
3.52
1.82
16.11
9.45
11
8
862
345
1. Which force (apart from Northamptonshire) has been the most succesful in
recruitment of ethnic minority officers?
2. If you were Chief Recruitment Officer in Merseyside how would you feel about
achieving the target?
Very worried? Worried? Confident? Very confident?
3. And for Staffordshire?
4. Lancashire?
5. How successful has West Yorkshire police force been in recruiting ethnic minority
officers?
Very successful? Quite? Not very? Not at all ?
6. What do you think of the Mets situation?
With your partner, practice talking about the statistics in the table in a fluent, cohesive
way.
For example: The West Midlands police force has around 300 ethnic minority officers
from over 7000 in the force. This represents just over 4% of all officers and compares
with about 16% of ethnic minorities in the West Midlands region. To achieve the 2005
target, the West Midlands police will need to recruit 862 new officers- almost three times
the present number.
Activity 8
Read the text and answer the questions below.
More black people stopped and searched
Alan Travis, Guardian Weekly, March 14 2002
The number of black people who have been stopped and searched by police has
increased, according to official figures released by the Home Secretary, David Blunkett.
The latest figures show that the police use of their stop-and-search powers fell by a
further 17% in the year to April 2001 but the number of black people stopped went up
by 4%.
Black people are still seven times more likely to be stopped by police.
The new figures dispel the claim that the police have retreated from using powers to
stop and search black people because of fear of being branded as racist. In an attempt to
restore both the confidence of both the police and the ethnic minority communities in
the use of stop-and-search, Mr Blunkett says in an interview published in the black
newspaper
The Voice, that he will publish new guidelines. All those stopped by the police in future
will be given a written ticket recording the event. It is expected that the extra
bureaucratic burden on the police will be minimised by the uuse of hand-held computers
by officers at the scene.
Answer the questions- TRUE or FALSE or IMPOSSIBLE TO SAY
1. The police have implemented a clearly-defined non-racist policy of stop-and-search.
2. The evidence for racial bias in stop-and-search comes from ethnic community
reports.
3. Stop-and-search powers have generally been used more selectively over the previous
year.
4. The police are critical of the Home Secretarys new guidelines.
5. There will be even more stop and search with the new guidelines.
6. Modern technology will reduce some bureaucratic problems for officers.
7. It was widely assumed that the police had reduced their stop-and-search activities for
ethnic minority groups.
UNIT 9
INTRODUCTION
Discussion
Consider
TRAFFICKING IS
- increasing rapidly all over the world
- a cross- border issue with regional and global dimensions
- closely linked to, but distinct from, illegal labour migration
- a web of hidden, profitable, and expanding trade networks and movements of people,
between countries of origin, transit and destination countries
IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE USE OF
- violence and force or threat of, deprivation of freedom of movement,
- confiscation of identity papers and travel documents, deceit, and debt bondage
- women and children for prostitution, but also for other forms of exploitation in
the context of organized crime
- exploitation of anyone regardless of age, sex, or origin.
Exercise 1
The following definition of trafficking of human beings is widely used.
Complete the definition by filling in the blanks with appropriate words:
The illicit and (1).movements of persons across national borders, largely from
developing countries and some countries with economies in (2), with the end goal of
(3)human beings into sexually or economically oppressive and (4).situations
for profit of recruiters, traffickers and crime syndicates, as well as other (5)..activities
related to (6)., such as forced domestic labour, false marriages, clandestine
employment and false adoption.
Choose the right word for each space:
1.a) clandestine
2.a) bloom
3.a) asking
4.a) odd
5.a) illegal
6.a) humanity
b) human
b) transition
b) involving
b) general
b) interesting
b) trafficking
c) large
c) search
c) forcing
c) supportive
c) legal
c) migration
d) huge
d) future
d) engaging
d) exploitative
d) dangerous
d) exploitation
Exercise 2
Women and children trafficked for what reasons?
Tick the illicit purposes in the tables. Discuss your answers with a colleague.
Prostitution
Car sales development
The entertainment industry
Bookshops
Forced marriages
Sports domain
Mail-order brides
Improve economic situation
Babysitter industry
Illegal adoption of children
Medicine industry
Organ transplants
Industrial work
Domestic work
Begging
Forced labour
Drug trafficking
Pornographic activities
Exercise 3
Vocabulary exercise
Use a good monolingual dictionary. Select at least two words from the list and illustrate different
meanings and use for them in sentences. Some words operate as verbs, nouns or both.
Example:
SECURE
John is working in the media so his job seems secure. (safe)
That building looks very secure. (firmly built)
We must have a country with secure borders. (protected)
The equipment was secured to the lorry by strong ropes. (Fixed firmly)
CAUTION / BOOM / DELIVER/ DEAL / HARBOUR/ INTERFERENCE/ SHOW/ BOND
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
Match the first part with the second to make appropriate sentences.
A. Local contacts
B. Direct sale
C. Deceit
D. Debt bondage
E. Kidnap
F. Falsification of documents
G. Bribes
H. Transportation
Now look back at the underlined vocabulary items. Add them to your core vocabulary
lists.
A trafficking in human beings incident a few years ago ended in the death of over 50
Chinese illegals who were being transported in a refrigerated truck from Holland. The
Dutch driver was later convicted of manslaughter.
Activity 2
IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (the Helsinki Commission) was
established by U.S. Congress in 1976 to monitor and report on the implementation of the
decisions of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E).
Read the text, discuss with a partner and argue from different points of view about the issues
involved.
Erich Honecker vs. Berlin Border Guards (Trials of Communism)
Important attempts to deliver justice have been obstructed or suspended more than once. In
March 1991, to the surprise and fury of many human rights activists and ordinary people, the
former President of East Germany, Erich Honecker escaped to the then- Soviet Union ignoring
a warrant for his arrest on charges of ordering border guards to shoot East Germans trying to
escape to the West. After a long and complicated set of negotiations between the Germans, the
Russians, and the Chileans (in whose Moscow Embassy Honecker had eventually sought refuge),
Honecker was brought back to Germany for trial in July 1992.
Meanwhile, a related set of prosecutions had been undertaken at the other end of the chain of
command. In July 1991, four former East German border guards were arrested in connection
with the shooting of the last East Germans who tried to flee before the Berlin Wall collapsed in
1989. The trial awakened painful memories of the period after World War II, when the issue of
responsibility for following the orders of an immoral regime was equally pertinent. It also
aroused passionate arguments on both sides, from those who believed that the state had an
obligation to hold East German criminals responsible, no matter where they fell in the
hierarchy, to those who suspected that the government was trying to make scapegoats out of the
little people because it is incapable of punishing the big guys.
Activity 3
VIOLENCE ERUPTS IN REFUGEE HELL
The text is adapted from an article from The Observer (U.K.) 29 July 2001
Gang warfare has broken out in an asylum seekers camp in France after Eurotunnel barred their
way to Britain, writes Stuart Jeffries.
They wait for their chance to make it through the Channel Tunnel, but, since security was
tightened, they do so with increasing desperation. And now they are fighting among themselves.
Last weeks fight started when a Kurd stabbed an Afghan man during a night-time attempt to
board a British-bound freight train, reportedly in a dispute over identification documents. Its
not a matter of us fighting against clandestine immigration, said Francois Barel, Eurotunnel
spokesman at Coquilles. Rather, were defending our business and protecting the jobs weve
created. Eurotunnel employees have told French newspapers that they fear for their jobs
because of a decline in traffic on their trains.
One employee told Liberation Trains which should be full are half empty. You feel powerless,
but were worried about being made redundant before the end of year. The firm does what it can,
but theyre overwhelmed. You cant have a guard every 10 meters. Already four people have
died so far this year trying to get on to the trains. Ive got a friend who heard a refugee screaming
who had got his feet crushed. We werent hired for that. Were not paid to roll these trains over
people or see them injure themselves. We feel abandoned by the public authorities. Everybodys
just washing their hands of the problem.
One night last week 192 immigrants including women with babies were intercepted by guards.
But a handful still regularly make it to England. Last week four men managed to reach Kent
before being apprehended by police.
Here are some words for you to study:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Activity 4
There are wolves, bears and unexploded mines in the snow-covered elm and pine forests that
divide Bosnia-Herzegovina from the outside world. Yet the borders of the young state that has
become a springboard for illegal immigration to Britain are so porous that thousands of people
are smuggled through its 432 mostly unmanned crossing points every month.
The situation is so serious that Tony Blair has persuaded the Bosnian government to allow a
team of British immigration officials to try to plug the gaps being exploited by international
organized crime.
Last week, in a mountain gorge that separates Bosnia from Montenegro, Steve Parke, a British
immigration officer, and Ian Johnston, a Merseyside police officer, were checking lorries, cars
and buses for signs of people headed illegally for the European Union and Britain. Mr. Johnston,
who works for the United Nations as deputy chief of the Bosnian border service, said: "The
border is crossable anywhere. All 1,600 kms [1,000 miles] are passable, depending on how
desperate you are to cross into the next country."
Mafia gangs in Istanbul and Kosovo are exploiting the post-war destabilization in the former
Yugoslavia, with its weak laws, liberal visa regimes and widespread corruption, to ferry Turkish,
Iranian, Iraqi, Albanian and Afghan migrants into Europe for 5,000 a head.
A report from the International Organization for Migration says 120,000 women and children are
trafficked into the European Union each year for the sex trade. In Bosnia, 34,000 foreign
visitors have disappeared after flying into Sarajevo airport during the past two years. Most have
remained for just a few hours before being taken to the border by people smugglers.
In his third-floor office in the blue and white United Nations building overlooking Sarajevo
airport, Graham Leese, the project head of the British-led immigration team, is under no illusions
about the scale of the problem. "For the EU as a whole - and the UK in particular - the Balkan
route has long been identified as the most productive route in terms of illegal migration flows.
It's quite easy to bribe border guards to turn a blind eye when you are smuggling across a lorry
load of illegal immigrants."
Bosnian organized crime is turning over an estimated 170m a year and, according to one
member of the British team, government corruption is a major problem. "There are big fish here.
They have massive influence and a lot of them are holding senior positions," he said. The view is
shared by Ian Cliff, the British ambassador in Sarajevo, who said there was "massive" corruption
among government officials administering the districts and cantons established in Bosnia after
the Dayton Accord in 1995.
Exercise 6
Decide if the sentences are TRUE or FALSE
1. Tony Blair has persuaded the Bosnian government to allow a team of British immigration
officials to help.
2. Mr. Johnstone works for the United Nations as deputy chief on the Bosnian border.
3. Mafia gangs in Ukraine and Kosovo are exploiting the post-war destabilization in the former
Yugoslavia.
4. For the E.U., the Balkan route isnt the most problematic route in terms of illegal migration
flows.
5. Bosnian organized crime is turning over an estimated 170 million a year.
6. The British ambassador in Sarajevo is John Clifford.
7. The present districts and cantons in Bosnia were established after the Dayton Accord .
8. A report from the International Organization for Migration says 1,200 women and children
are trafficked into European Union each year for sexual exploitation.
9. It is not easy to bribe border guards to turn a blind eye when smuggling a lorry load of illegal
immigrants.
10. In Bosnia, 34,000 foreign visitors have disappeared after flying into Sarajevo airport
during the past two years.
Activity 5
Writing
When I realized that I had been sold from one place to another like goods I felt ashamed and
disappointed. Im a human being. I have the right to live like other people.
A Cambodian woman
What is your point of view? Write a short composition of about 200 words on this subject.
Exercise 7
Grammar
Put the words into the correct sequence to complete the sentences
1. United Nations / based on/ documents /sources /other/of/information/are/reports/
articles/ and
2. Acknowledged/are /these/duly/gratitude/with.
3. Hoped/it /will/is/that/material/serve/this/action/as/for/a/catalyst/further.
4. Thousands/children/trafficked/are/women/and/countries/ from/ of/ their/ own
5. If/ unchecked/ will/ left/ continue/ trafficking/ momentum/ gain / economic/ in / the
current/climatet/ in Asia.
Activity 6
Exercise 8
Form nouns from the verbs given and make sentences with them.
To achieve
To improve
To sign
To agree
To collaborate
To meet
Activity 7
Comments? Implications?
In December 2002, 14-year-old Rachel Lloyd from North Wales returned to British soil after
having earlier run away to Turkey with her fianc, 24-year-old Mehmet Ocack.
Her family claims that she married the barman, whom she had met on a Summer holiday.
The teenagers return prompted chaotic scenes at Manchester Airport as the media struggled to
speak to the girl who left Britain on a forged passport. In November, police had conducted a
manhunt before ascertaining she had flown to Turkey. Interpol and Turkish police were brought
in after Rachel phoned her family to say she had married her lover. She was traced to her
fiancs home town and taken into the care of Turkish social services. Mr Ocack was detained
and then released without charge.
Activity 8
SEA OF PROMISE
Read through the report from a European Assembly debate. Make notes on the given
topics and match the underlined words with words or phrases with similar meanings from
the box.
Europe's governments want to crack down on human trafficking and stiffen asylum laws. But
their economies can't afford to turn back the tide Immigration is the subject Europe's politicians
would rather not talk about. Vowing to act tough on illegal immigrants and false asylum seekers
plays well in the heartland; but crackdowns merely send refugees underground, forcing them to
take ever-deadlier risks to get in. Easing entry requirements makes good economic sense, since
Europe needs 75 million new workers over the next 50 years to replenish its aging population;
but try telling that to downsized factory workers in Stuttgart or Glasgow. And diversity doesn't
sell in the E.U.: just 5 million of its 350 million citizens live outside their native country. But
they're still coming. Flung out of their native lands by war or persecution or povertyor simply
the promise of a better lifeimmigrants are crossing Europe's borders in unprecedented
numbers. Last year 390,000 people applied for asylum in the E.U. Britain alone received 76,000
asylum applications, up from 4,000 in 1988. An estimated 500,000 foreigners entered the E.U.
illegally last year, five times the number in 1994. And as the demand to enter Europe has
widened, so have the opportunities for traffickers who would profit from these masses on the
move.
A common E.U. asylum policy isn't expected before 2004. Until then European countries will set
their own standards, which isn't great news for immigrants. A new Spanish law that aims to
crack down on smuggling also provides for the expulsion of immigrants residing in the country
without legal permission. In the absence of a common E.U. immigration policy, governments are
racing to the bottom in the level of benefits they offer immigrants hoping to stay. While refugeerights groups have criticized Britain's Labour government for issuing a meagre $50 weekly to
asylum seekers, two-thirds of it in vouchers, other countries' policies are even worse. Germany,
for instance, has slashed monthly pocket money to $40 and requires would-be refugees to stay in
detention centers for their first three months. At a time of upheaval throughout the developing
world, Europe's parsimony has done nothing for its reputation.
If international opprobrium doesn't prod Europe to throw open its doors, there are signs that
economic self-interest will. Last November the European Commission declared that "there is a
growing recognition that the 'zero' immigration policies of the last 30 years are no longer
appropriate." Germany announced plans last March to admit 20,000 foreign computer experts
over the next three years, and Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder is pushing to expand this green-card
initiative to workers in other sectors. Ireland has loosened immigration requirements for nonE.U. workers in technology, nursing and construction. Even Italy's government has introduced
measures to admit 63,000 industrial laborers a year. Says British European Parliament Member
Graham Watson: "Many states are seeing that in order to close the back door, we need to open
the front door a bit more." Europe may still resist the idea that it is a Continent of immigrants.
But in order to thrive, it has no choice but to become one.
TOPIC
Common European
immigration
COMMENT/INFORMATION
Policy
on
Economic realities
in open court are (15) ______________________ those criminals. If they return home, they
could face the very same men who organised their move in the first place. But such programmes
are expensive and complicated and, at the moment, those who qualify are usually under
protection for political reasons, not in cases where people have been trafficked.
Activity 10
Read the text and discuss the implications.
Based on a report from December 2002
The Sangatte Red Cross Centre in France closed on December 30 but a few weeks earlier, the
British government had granted 1200 Iraqi and Afghan migrants four-year work permits. The
deal was worked out as a compromise between the French and British governments and meant
that Sangatte would close three months earlier than originally planned.
The French authorities agreed to take responsibility for the remaining 4800 migrants in the camp
who had registered before it closed its doors to new arrivals in November 2002. The French will
also deploy an extra 750 border police to seal the Channel ports from illegal migrants. Britain's
immigration control will, in effect, be moved to Calais in France when British Home Office
immigration officers will begin to operate a full border control, including vehicle searches while
still in France.
The British Home Secretary, David Blunkett, defended the decision in the House of Commons
and demanded that the opposition Conservative party should join him in condemning those antiimmigration pressure groups which were "bordering on fascism".
The British Refugee Council welcomed the decision but said that the proposal to extend
immigration controls outside its own borders was a worrying precedent. This could jeopardise
the rights of refugees to obtain sanctuary in Britain.
UNIT 10
INTRODUCTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is the link between cross border crime and organized crime?
What is cross border crime?
What aspects of car theft are you aware of?
Do you think that people must be imprisoned for smuggling stolen cars? Is this
such a serious criminal offence? Isnt it enough to pay a fine, or to do some social
work?
In the Border Police, is there a need for specialists in stolen cars or is the
assistance provided by the police forces enough?
Activity 1
In pairs, read one text and relate the facts in your own words to your partner.
Comment from the professional point of view and consider the social implications
of these circumstances.
STUDENT A
In Estonia, smuggling stolen cars is almost risk free. Very few people in Estonia have
been convicted for smuggling stolen cars. The laws are incomplete in the courts have yet
to rule on on matters of legal interpretation. In contrast to the Interpol section of other
countries, Estonian officers work a lot in the streets. Thousands of stolen cars come to
Estonia every year. They arrive from all over Western Europe on ferries and overland
from the south. Most cars pass on to Russia. Estonias involvement is usually limited as
couriers deliver cars to buyers in the St.-Petersburg area. Last year the Estonian police
managed to return about 100 vehicles of which approximatively 20 had belonged to
Swedish and 30 to German owners.
STUDENT B
Its an open secret that Montenegro is the best hot car market in Europe: new models,
priced to go. Most of the inventory however, appears on Interpols list of stolen vehicles.
The International Police Agency has no authority here, for Yugoslavia- a pariah statehas no relationship with Interpol. A long time member of a car theft gang explained how
the cars arrived in Montenegro: The best method is to find someone in, say, Germany,
who needs extra money and who is willing to have his car stolen. We drive the car over,
and the owner declares it stolen once its already here. The owner collects the insurance
policy plus a bonus from us, depending on what kind of car it is. Few cars stay in
Montenegro or Serbia, and most often continue on to the Middle East.
When talking about cars, smuggling means:
a) using a car in a robbery
b) using a car to transport illegal immigrants
c) illegal import and/or export of a vehicle (usually stolen)
d) using cars to transport illicit goods (contraband)
SMUGGLING. The offence of importing or exporting specified goods that are subject to customs or excise
duties without having paid the requisite duties. Smuggled goods are liable to confiscation and the smuggler
is liable to pay treble their value or a sum laid down by the law (whichever is the greater); offenders may
alternatively, or additionally, receive a term of imprisonment.
Activity 2
ORGANIZED CRIME
The following definition of organised crime can be given, based on the practice of
fighting against such crime:
Criminal union organised for profit-seeking to commit diverse criminal
offences, with the assumption of meeting objectives through corruption, blackmail, terror
as well as the use of force and arms.
Exercise 1
Make sentences using some of the underlined words.
1. Almost all criminal activity has as primary motive the idea of _______________.
2. It is remarkable how varied and ________________ the criminal imagination can
be.
3. There is evidence to indicate that more criminals are prepared to use _____________
nowadays, particularly as guns are relatively easy to obtain.
4. Getting officials on your side, or to turn a blind eye is indicative of the pattern of
______________ vital to any successful organised crime activity.
5. The secret criminal organisation or _______________ is not a new phenomenon.
Even
medieval society had secret societies, some committing criminal ________________ .
Exercise 2
Match the two parts to form sentences
1) Criminal groups dealing with
2) They are headed by the boss or
organiser, who
3) These people, functioning in European
urban centres, pay
4) Another quite wide group of criminals
5) Couriers are entrusted with the task of
transfer of
6) Another group of offenders engaged in
this activity are people entrusted with
7) Finally, stolen cars are supplied to a
buyer acting
Exercise 3
Re- arrange the words to make sentences.
1. The theft/ is/ of/ serious/ a / automobiles/ problem/ world-wide
2. Vehicle/ can/ support/ profits/ terrorist/ organisations/ crime/ from
3. Trafficking/ mainly/ of/ criminal/ groups/ in vehicles/ is/ the work/structured and
sophisticated.
4. South Africa/ stolen/ criminal/ is / by/ groups/ as/ to export/ a transit area /
luxury/ vehicles/ used.
5. Germany / an increase/ is/ in/ facing/ cars/ rental/ of/ thefts/ nationals/African/ by
6. Italy/ concerned/ are/ Greece/ and/ criminal/ at / groups/ Albanian/ smuggling/
are/ who/ engaged/ actively/ car/ in
7. Violence/ increasingly / as/ to obtain / is/ an / modus operandi/ cars/ luxury/
common
Exercise 4
IN MONTENEGRO, STOLEN CARS ARE WORTH THEIR WEIGHT IN
MEAT!
Put in one correct word from the box. There are 18 words in total.
TENUOUS/ DIPLOMATIC/ DIRTY/ SHUT/ BUNCH/ LUXURY/ ANXIOUS/
HOT/ WEALTHY/ STOLEN/ UP/ NOTORIOUS/ LIFE/ SALARY/ ISOLATE/
ALLIED/ MAIN/ SIMILAR/
At a time when Montenegros political situation is (1) .., Western countries are
inclined to look the other way at Montenegros (2) . little secret.
Montenegro is a key part of the Wests effort to (3) . Yugoslav President Slobodan
Molosevic, indicted for war crimes last year by the Hague Tribunal. Montenegros
President Milo Djukanovic has (4) .himself with the West and has consequently
received financial and (5) blessings from the European Union.
Though Montenegro is (6) .. as a place teeming with stolen goods, Western
countries are (7) to protect the republics image. While the Milosevic regime
often categorized the Djukanovic administration as a (8) . of criminals and
smugglers, the West points to the Djukanovic government as an example of ethnic
tolerance that is a model for the Balkans.
Meanwhile, Montenegrins are reaping the fruits of a shady trade.The deals dont stop at
cars. Podgoricas (9) . street, Sloboda Ulica (Freedom Street), is filled with people
dressed in Italys latest fashions, their (10) .. cars parked in front of busy cafes, where
mobile phones lie next to cups of expresso and ashtrays.
A visitor would never guess that Montenegros average monthly (11) .. is less than $
100 per month. Montenegrins have a reputation in the Balkans for valuing a good (12)
.. Visitors often say that it seems nobody does anything in Podgorica, That the cafes
are filled with well-dressed people sipping coffee all day, says a cosmetics importer
named Milos.
Yet there is hardly any industry to provide jobs for Montenegros 600,000 citizens, aside
from a smattering of fishing, textile and tourism. Factories are (13) .. down. The
republic imports much of its food.
The (14) . car trade could be seen as a legacy of Montenegros geographical
location and history. With (15) . Italy to the West, and Balkan conflicts in other
directions, Montenegro is a natural transit point for goods across the Balkans
In their defence, Montenegrins say theyre only doing what theyve done for hundreds of
years. This independent people eked out a living for centuries on one of the most
inhospitable pieces of European territory while surrounded by Ottoman Turks. The land
is so undesirable that the Turks simply gave (16) trying to conquer what was then a
much smaller Montenegro.
Just as they receive Western patronage today for their role as a buffer state, in the 19thcentury Russia supported Montenegro for (17) .. political reasons. In this context,
Montenegrins spent centuries raiding and smuggling to survive.
(18) . cars can be seen as part of that tradition
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Circle the synonym (s) of the following words.
SHOW:
a) express
b) display
c) protect
d) polish
e) exhibit
SERIOUS:
a) grave
b) solemn
c) trivial
d) light
e) petty
FOREIGN:
a) strange
b) domestic
c) alien
d) native
e) rural
HIDE:
a) mask
b) expose
c) cover
d) reveal
e) conceal
ABROAD
a) near
b) overseas
c) close
d) far away
e) distant
Activity 4
Comment on the statement below and write a short composition (200 words) :
Violence is an increasingly common modus operandi to obtain luxury cars for
trafficking.
Activity 5
Read the text carefully and make an imaginary dialogue between the Swedish
officer and the car smuggler. Choose the moment when the officer is checking the
passport and the visa.
ESTONIAN CAR SMUGGLERS
On the Swedish visa officer's desk the visa applications pile up. Earlier the same
morning he had found a false passport of a known car smuggler. Frowning, he compares
the photograph in the passport with the ones in two visa applications, one old and one
new. "This passport is false," he concludes and puts it away to give it to the Estonian
police. The Swedish Embassy has information on about 60 people who have been known
to be involved in car smuggling in Europe and therefore are not granted visas. Some of
these are known by the staff after trying too often to get a visa.
Currently several north European governments are discussing abolishing the visa
requirement for Estonians. "The consequence is that you completely lose control over
who will come to your country," says the Swedish Embassy. Of course, there are
competing interests. Business would benefit from an abolishment. Several people the
reporter has spoken to at the Swedish Embassy stress that Estonia is on the right track
compared to Lithuania, Latvia and Russia. They believe that Estonia is readier and more
suitable for European Union membership than the other two Baltic states.
Corruption is on the decrease and the Soviet system is losing ground. Interpol
and several other institutions get good marks. The institutions are new and the staff is
young. Lack of experience is balanced by a strong will to rectify the problems. Also, the
Embassy officials stress that car smuggling is mainly a problem for the countries from
where the cars disappear. "You just cant complain about the Estonians and say that it is
their fault."
Activity 8
Read the names of some European countries and their capitals and then match the
international identification letters with the right country.
e.g. CROATIA/ ZAGREB/ HR
SWITZERLAND/ BERN/ CH
F
PL
A
BY
LT
MC
L
N
I
RUS
DK
H
SK
BG
RO
UA
AND
M
V
IRL
IS
TR
LV
MD
GB
MK
P
GR
EST
D
FIN
CZ
CH
NL
SLO
B
HR
RSM
E
S
ANDORRA LA VELLA / VIENNA/ SOFIA/ COPENHAGEN/ REYKJAVIK/ HELSINKI/ SARAJEVO/ DUBLIN
TALLIN/ ATHENS/ MINSK/ PARIS/ BERLIN/ RIGA/ / VADUZ/ CHISINAU / VALLETA/ PODGORICA / OSLO
BRUSSELS/ PRAGUE/ BUDAPEST/ ROME/ LUXEMBURG/ SKOPJE/ VILNIUS/ MONTE CARLO/ / KIEV
SAN MARINO/ BRATISLAVA/ / BELGRADE/ / LJUBLJANA/ AMSTERDAM/ / LISBON/ WARSAW/
BUCHAREST/ MADRID/ / MOSCOW/ / STOCKHOLM/ / ANKARA/ LONDON /
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
ALBANIA
ANDORRA
AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
BULGARIA
BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA
BELARUS
CZECH REPUBLIC
CROATIA
DENMARK
ESTONIA
FRANCE
FINLAND
GERMANY
GREECE
HUNGARY
ICELAND
IRELAND
ITALY
LATVIA
LIECHTENSTEIN
LUXEMBOURG
LITHUANIA
MACEDONIA
MALTA
MOLDOVA
MONACO
MONTENEGRO
NORWAY
NETHERLANDS
PORTUGAL
POLAND
ROMANIA
RUSSIA
SAN MARINO
SERBIA
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
SWITZERLAND
TURKEY
UKRAINE
UNITED KINGDOM
TIRANA
ZAGREB
BERN
CH
Activity 9
Listening
MOTORCYCLE THEFT IN UK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(What does this mean?)
7.
( Honda, Kawasaki, S. and Y .. ) in UK.
8.
9.
10.
12.
13.
(What are these?)
14.
15.
UNIT 11
INTRODUCTION
Discussion
COUNTERING TERRORISM
1. Weapons and financial support for freedom fighters in their struggle for
independence.
2. People sabotaging important electric and communications installations during an
invasion of their country by a stronger power.
3. Nationalist separatists blowing up the ruling groups administration buildings to
reinforce their demands for independence.
4. Supplying weapons to groups opposed to a democratically and legally-elected
government because it conflicts with the suppliers ideological position.
5. Supplying equipment and installations to a dangerous state knowing that it may use
these offensively or threateningly.
Exercise 1
TERRORISM DEFINED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
a) special
a) cause
a) force
a) objective
a) religion
a) idealistic
a) differ
Exercise2
JOIN THE PARTS OF THE SENTENCES TOGETHER TO COMPLETE THE
TEXT
A. People employ terrorism .
goals
fear (N)
attack (N)
cause (N)
Exercise 3
compel/ unpredictability/
virtually/ aborted/profound/
incidental/ granted/ sought/undermine/ concessions
Throughout history, extremists have practised terrorism to generate fear and to (1)
__________________ a change in behaviour.
Frequently, terrorism was (2) _______________________ to other forms of violent
action- insurgency or war. Before the 19th Century, terrorists usually
(3) ____________________ immunity from attack to certain categories of people. Like
other warriors, terrorists recognized innocent people, not involved in the conflict.
Terrorists usually excluded women, children and the elderly from their activities. For
example, in late 19th Century Russia, radical planning the assassination of the Tsar, (4)
__________________several attacks because they risked harming innocent people. Oldschool terrorism was direct; it intended to produce a political effect through the injury or
death of the victim. The development of bureaucratic states led to a (5)
Activity 2
THE TERRORISTS
Terrorists are inspired by many different motives. They may be classified into three
categories: RATIONAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL OR CULTURAL. A terrorist, of course,
may be shaped by all three.
Decide into which category the statements may be placed.
a) The terrorist thinks through his goals and options, making a cost-benefit analysis.
b) Splinter-groups among terrorists are often more violent than their parent group.
c) Terrorists do not even consider they may be wrong although others views may be
assessed on merit.
d) Terrorists tend to project their own anti-social motivation on others, creating a
polarized us and them perspective.
e) Some political systems have no effective non-violent means for changes in power
structure or succession.
f) Terrorist groups ask a crucial question: Can our actions be successful in attaining our
goals without causing a backlash that will destroy the cause and perhaps our own people?
g) A terrorist group must terrorise. As a minimum it must commit violent acts to maintain
group self-esteem and legitimacy.
h) Society generally rejects as unbelievable such actions as vendettas, self-destruction,
ethnic cleansing, religious martyrdom, etc. when we observe it in others.
i) When a terrorist group approaches its stated goals, it is often inclined to re-define them.
j) A major determinate of terrorism is the perception of outsiders and anxiety about ethnic
group survival. Fear of cultural extermination leads to violence.
Can you think of authentic examples of these? For example, from Northern Ireland, from
Spain, from Chechnya, from the Middle East, from North Africa ?
Activity 3
READING
Read the text. It is an immediate response by Noam Chomsky to the September 11 attacks.Chomsky is
perhaps the most famous living linguistic scientist. He has been critical of American policy for over 30
years and is considered an extremely intelligent person, although frequently very opposed to American
foreign policy. What are your reactions to this?
For the first time since 1962, a high-ranking French army officer has been tried in a criminal
court on charges of justifying the use of torture during the Algerian war for independence.
General Paul Aussaresses, 83, whose memoirs caused a furore earlier this year, faces a jail
sentence of up to five years- for his writing rather than for his actions- even though he has
admitted the torture and killing of 24 suspected rebels in the eight-year conflict which ended in
1962.
A Second World War resistance hero, General Aussaresses is charged with complicity in
justifying war crimes. The actual crimes are covered by an amnesty offered in the 1960s to all
French soldiers who served in Algeria. Aussaresses regrets nothing, arguing that someone had to
do the dirty work in Algeria. He did it, he says, without pleasure and without pity. And he
dispassionately told the story in Services Speciaux: Algerie: 1955-1977, which was published
in June 2001.
The General called his witnesses, most of them army men, many retired generals like himself
hoary, decorated, half-deaf, arthritic and full of war memories who came forward to defend their
comrade. But the court also heard evidence from Henri Alleg, 80, who, during the conflict
published Alger Republicain, a newspaper that was shut down by the French authorities. Alleg
was arrested and tortured. During the three and a half years he spent in detention awaiting trial, he
wrote The Question, a book that exposed the torture practised in French military jails during the
Algerian war. His manuscript was smuggled out page by page. Alleg was tried in camera and
sentenced to 10 years in prison. Giving evidence this time, he warned against a return to torture,
to barbarism in the name of civilisation, or the struggle against barbarism. But his audiences,
most of whom supported Aussaresses, were indignant.
The next witness, the 71- year-old general Maurice Schmitt, was of a different calibre. A product
of Saint-Cyr, the distinguished military academy, and a former prisoner at Dien Bien Phu
(Vietnam), he was also army chief of staff from 1987-1991- the highest-ranking officer of his
time. He got straight to the point: Before they became terrorists, the members of the FLN (the
Algerian National Liberation Front) were torturers, he said. While it could not be denied that
torture was practised in Algeria during the war, he argues that it was the legitimate defence of a
people whose lives were at risk. And he added If the choice is between getting my hands dirty
or accepting the death of innocents, I choose to dirty my hands rather than risk losing my soul.
When he was not giving evidence, Aussaresses sat impassively. During the three-day trial he said
little except to admit responsibility for everything, even for crimes he had not committed, such as
personally torturing prisoners. Fabien Goget, the deputy public prosecutor observed that the
plaintiffs saw the case as a trial of the Algerian war, while the defence saw it as a freedom of
expression issue. I see it as a trial of a book: when history enters a courtroom, out goes the law.
The prosecution called for the general and the two publishers of his book to be fined FF100.000
(about $13500) each. A verdict is expected in January 2002.
Activity 5
Exercise 5
Using the Conditional idea of a hypothetical or unreal event in the past complete
these sentences in which a French officer might justify the use of torture in the Algerian
war.
If we hadnt extracted information by means of torture
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Activity 6
Discussion
The issues of war crimes, ethnic cleansing, responsibility for the acts of others etc.
were discussed in the Adolf Eichmann trial in Israel in 1960. He had been seized by the
Israeli authorities in South America and put on trial in Isreal. Charged with ordering the
execution of millions of Jews, Eichmann claimed in his own defence that he was only
following orders. What do you think?
The trial of Slobodan Milosevic in The Hague is taking place without the defendant
entering any plea to the charges (i.e. he will not ANSWER the charges) because he
denies the authority of the Court to put him on trial. Does this change anything about the
courts jurisdiction?
Activity 7
The media and terrorism
You see these headlines
1. TERROR TRIO READY TO BOMB LONDON UNDERGROUND
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
How justified are the headlines when you read the facts as reported on November 18
2002.
Three On Terror Charges
Three men are due in court later today charged with terrorism offences. It follows claims
that a plot was thwarted by an MI5 undercover operation.Reports have said the trio
planned to release highly poisonous cyanide gas in London's Underground rail system.
Rabah Chekat-Bais, 21, Rabah Kadris, in his 30s, and Karim Kadouri, 33, all of no fixed
abode in Britain, were arrested last week. But the men are only charged with possessing
"articles for the preparation, instigation and commission of terrorism acts" under the
1. Make .
2. .. or . suspects
3. on Internet
communication
4. monitor ..
5. obtain
6. reduce the need for and
court .
1. portable
2. systems that can
.
Access to personal data held 1. Banks
by
2. .
3. ..
Technology developments
C
Examples of suppression of
civil liberties
1. Alien and ..
2. Suspension of .
3. Internment of
4. Blacklisting of .
Vocabulary/ expressions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Activity 8
might
could
will
should
lead to
result in
bring about
produce
cause
trigger off
provoke
Activity 9
Use the nouns in the right-hand box to make verbs and then transform the sentences into
a passive version.
EXAMPLE
1. (erosion) > to erode
Civil liberties might be eroded.
2. (limitation) >
3. (intrusion into) >
4. (monitoring) >
5. (interference in) >
6. (creation) >
7. (development) >
8. (build-up) >
9. (reduction) >
10. (leaks) >
11. (encrypting) >
Activity 10
TERRORISM DID NOT START ON SEPTEMBER 11
Article by Stella Rimington, former head of M.I.5.
Extract from The Guardian Weekly, September 12-18, 2002
There is one big difference in the al-Qaida threat from much previous terrorism, which makes it
particularly unpredictable and dangerous. The preparedness, even enthusiasm of the terrorists to
commit suicide, when most terrorists in the past have planned for their own escape, means that
certain forms of attack, the most potentially horrific for example, chemical, biological and
nuclear can no longer be regarded as unlikely.
But that does not mean that a totally different approach to countering them is needed. It is a case
of doing what has been done before but doing more of it and doing it more effectively. At the
heart of countering terrorism is intelligence and the events of September 11 have focused
attention on intelligence work as never before.
September 11 was immediately declared an intelligence failure. The allegation was that had
intelligence agencies been doing their job properly, they would have produced sufficiently precise
advance intelligence of the plot to enable it to be thwarted. To blame them for not doing so is to
totally misunderstand the nature of intelligence. Although precise intelligence on when and where
any terrorist act will take place is the ideal, it is, of all intelligence, the most difficult to obtain.
The complete plan for any operation might well be known to very few people indeed, perhaps not
revealed more widely until just before an attack begins, or perhaps never. An intelligence agency
would need to recruit one of those people to learn it. Though it is sometimes possible to learn
enough from well-placed human or technical sources for the full picture to be guessed at, there
may well be inadequate information for effective preventive action to be taken to forestall an
attack.
The most valuable sources against terrorism are human beings, long-term penetration agents, who
will stay in place for a long period and work their way into positions where they can provide key
intelligence. But they are the most difficult sources to acquire and, once recruited, are very
difficult to keep in place.
It is not normally possible to penetrate a terrorist organisation from the outside, to feed in
someone with no previous links at all. Terrorist groups usually recruit from a very small pond,
from among people who have known each other for years. Perhaps it might be an easier task to
infiltrate al-Qaida, which appears to be recruiting young men from all over the world for training.
It might be possible to insert a source at the recruitment stage, but it would be a slow process as
he built up his cover in the mosque or wherever recruiting was going on, hoping to be selected, as
well as very dangerous.
In the world of espionage, many of the best spies are volunteers, people who offer their services
to the other side. Experience has shown that, surprisingly, members of terrorist organisations do
volunteer to act as sources of information for the security authorities. Though it seems less likely
that members of al-Qaida will do so, given that they appear to be motivated by such intense
ideological or religious fervour, I have no doubt that some will.
(543 words)
Read the text and answer the questions by marking the ONE correct alternative a), b), c)
or d) with X
Example
The author suggests that after September 11, future intelligence activity
a)
b)
c)
d)
1. In her view, September 11 underlined the fact that the tragic event
a) highlighted fundamental weaknesses in reliable intelligence gathering
b) was indicative of an intelligence disaster
c) attached blame to anti-terrorism agencies who ignored intelligence received
d) proved Americas multi-agency approach to intelligence does not work
2. Stella Rimington states that
a)
b)
c)
d)
5. Ms. Rimington believes that Al-Qaida s religious and ideological fervour means
a)
b)
c)
d)
Activity 11
Listening
INTERNATIONAL CRIME ALERT
Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks below:
Case details: IGOR ERLIKH and CARLOS REMIGIO CARDOEN
IGOR ERLIKH:
is a white male born in Kherson in (1) .. on February 27,1952. He is one
meter, seventy-five centimeters (2) ninety-two kilograms, and has brown hair
and blue eyes.
Case details:
Between 1989 and 1993 (3) ..of the U.S. based King Motor Oil Company.
Acting with at least twenty five others in an organized crime group, Erlikh used (4)
the U.S. government and the state of New Jersey of one-hundred
forty million dollars (5) ..Erlikh used threats and violence to collect
money from others involved in the conspiracy. He also (6)
.through Switzerland and other countries. He is charged
with (7) .., wire fraud, money laundering, tax evasion, and other crimes.
UNIT 12
Read the text and decide if you agree or disagree with the statements below.
Leeson paid 61,000 for speech
Adapted from the BBC web-site Business: Your Money (October 1999)
Disgraced former Barings trader Nick Leeson has been paid $100,000 (61,000) to speak at
a business conference in the Netherlands.
It was the first in a long line of lucrative celebrity-style appearances planned by the man
who single-handedly brought down Barings Bank.
He will also be endorsing products in advertisements and appearing on television shows.
Business people, brokers and bankers paid about 188 each to hear him speak at the event in
the Netherlands. Leeson was released from a Singapore jail four months ago after serving
three-and-a-half years of a six-and-a-half-year sentence for fraud. He was caught after going
on the run when his gambling on derivatives markets landed Barings Bank with 800m of
debt. Now, Leeson's assets are frozen and he has huge debts hanging round his neck.
He said: "I would like to go back into the financial world, but which company is going to be
brave enough to employ me? Who will let me trade again?"
Leeson has written a book of his story, "Rogue Trader", which was made into a film,
starring Ewan McGregor and Anna Friel. But his public relations adviser, Ian Monk, says
Leeson did not gain a
penny from either, because it went directly to Barings' creditors. Under an agreement with
the creditors, he will be allowed to keep 35% of money earned from public and media
appearances and advertising. The remaining 65% will go to creditors. Some of his portion of
the money will go on medical bills. Leeson found out while in prison that he has colon
cancer. After treatment, he is now in remission. Leeson also receives a monthly allowance of
3,000 a month from his frozen assets. "This man is inundated with offers. It's great," said
Mr Monk. Asked where he wanted to be in 10 years' time, Leeson replied: "I hope I'm still
alive. " I would like to live with somebody, have children and be left alone."
Leeson spoke about his view of world stock markets to 250 members of the Amsterdam
stock exchange. It was a Dutch group, ING, which bought up Barings after its collapse and
bailed it out.
Activity 1
Agree or disagree?
1= Agree very strongly 2= Agree 3= Not sure 4 = Disagree 5= Disagree strongly
1. Nick Leeson is a dangerous criminal and should be more carefully monitored.
2. He has served his sentence according to the law and should be allowed to get on with his
life.
3. Nick Leeson should not receive anything other than the bare minimum to live until he has
paid as much of the debt as possible.
4. 35% of his earnings is too much to be allowed to retain.
5. The fact that he can employ a PR adviser suggests that he has a good life style.
6. He should be obliged to pay for all medical treatment even if it is usually free.
Exercise 2
Adapted from an article in Nexus the bulletin of the UK National Criminal Intelligence Service
(NCIS) Autumn 2001
In each of the lines 1-25, there is ONE word omitted. Suggest one correct word for each
line. The place is marked with *
1. Losses identified * credit card issuers in UK usually banks and building societies2. grew from under 190 million pounds in 1999 * around 300 million in 2000.These
3. figures include plastic fraud as, for example, the fraudulent use * individual cards
4. stolen * a handbag to the sophisticated remote technology to retrieve card data from
5. computerised storage facilities of some international merchants and *. The two types
6. of CCF identified * the most attractive to organised crime are specifically the
7. counterfeiting of cards and fraud * a CNP (card not present) environment such as
8. telephone order and internet mail-order. Proof of * involvement of organised crime in
9. plastic fraud is not * anecdotal nor is it difficult to verify. UK NCIS strategic
10. intelligence reports * a significant number of crime groups whose primary interest is
11. CC crime. * is also an alarming number of crime groups for whom CC crime is a
12. secondary interest. The new modus operandi also indicate well-* criminal enterprises.
13. For example, recently there have * attacks on the on-line gaming industry14. betting * football, horse racing and other sporting activities), multiple attacks on
15. stored data from some major European hotel * and transport companies and
16. attacks * the ATM systems in Britain and abroad. These crimes require technological
17. expertise, capital investment in technology and global * to spread the
18. fraudulent *.
19. When NCIS first started * collate intelligence on card fraud, the information seemed
20. to suggest * most of the criminals originated from South-East Asia. This may have in
21. part been * to the legitimate hologram-making businesses in Hong Kong. It may also
22. have been because of many Chinese criminal * predisposition for existing
23. types of financial crime. However, by the late 1990s, it had * apparent that this
24. criminal group had saturated its own market and had started to look * its own
25. ethnic group * recruits.
Exercise 3
Front-line fraud
Now put these sentences in the best sequence to complete the picture.
1
F
A. Two such environments were readily identifiable petrol stations and restaurants.
B. In such places the staff usually received low wages, were possibly temporary or transient
and likely to be under-supervised.
C. They had to find front-line fraudsters (those who attempt the fraud in the shop or other
retail environment).
D. Access to a network of vulnerable retail networks was needed.
E. These customers would be less likely to notice the card compromises than customers
in a familiar shopping environment.
F. The Chinese gangs sought out other ethnic groups, especially illegal immigrants as they,
or even their families, are most vulnerable.
G. Both networks have the added advantage of being used by legitimate transient customers
and tourists.
H. Some poorly-paid employment environments are also more likely to be staffed by the
less-skilled and less well-educated.
Exercise 4
Card fraudsters prey on high-class diners
Patrick Collinson, Guardian Weekly November 2002
Put the verbs given to you in brackets in the correct form.
Plastic card fraud (1) (jump)______________ by more than 50% over the past two years to
L430m, banks said this week, warning that "skimming" (2) (reach) ____________epidemic
levels, particularly in the London area.
Skimming - the copying of a card's black magnetic strip - barely (3)
(exist)_______________ five years ago but netted L161m for criminal gangs in the year to
August 2002, according to the Association for Payment Clearing Services (APACS).
A third of that (4) (take)_______________ from card users in London, with fraudsters
targeting high-class restaurants in the capital. Second worst hit was Birmingham, where
losses from skimming (5) (be) ________________L6.6m.
An unscrupulous restaurant waiter processes a transaction but then, out of sight of the
customers, separately records the card's data on tiny devices that can be fitted on to a trouser
belt. He or she then (6)(sell) _________________the data to criminal gangs who (7) (use)
______________ it to mass-produce counterfeit credit and debit cards.
Cardholders are often unaware of the fraud until a bank statement
(8)(arrive)________________ detailing purchases they (9) (not
make)____________________ .
In the latest twist, fraudsters (10) (begin) _________________ attaching fake swipe
machines to the doors of bank ATM lobbies used by customers to gain entry at evenings or
weekends. The fake swipe devices (11) (remove) __________________ later, containing
thousands of customers' details.
APACS said this week that it hopes to beat the fraudsters with a dual strategy of PIN
numbers, first (12) (introduce) ________________ in France more than a decade ago, and
"smart card" technology.
Customers paying by card will no longer have to sign receipts at shop tills but will instead
type a four-digit PIN number into a keypad. Cardholders also (13) (issue)
________________with new-style cards that contain computer chips. These are more
difficult to copy than traditional cards.
To avoid fraudsters targeting overseas markets instead, Mastercard and Visa (14)
(coordinate) _________________an international roll-out of chip and PIN cards. By the end
of 2005 these (15) (replace) __________________ the 1 billion-plus plastic cards currently
in circulation.
Activity 2
Some shops in Bucharest accept credit cards such as VISA or MASTERCARD. Imagine a
dialogue between two criminals, one of whom works as an assistant in an expensive
clothes shop, suggesting ways they can make money out of borrowing credit card
information from legitimate customers. How might they also get hold of (i.e. steal!) the
credit card.
Try to think of the dialogues and the scenarios. If you can think of 2 or 3 ways, the real
crooks will think of more scams!
Exercise 5
Common Internet Fraud Schemes
Read the descriptions (1-7) of the different frauds. There are 7 "victim" situations described
(A-G). Identify which type of fraud (1-7) is involved with each situation (A-G)
1
1. Online Auction/Retail
The fraud attributable to the misrepresentation of a product advertised for sale through an Internet
auction site or the non-delivery of merchandise or goods purchased through an Internet auction site
2. Investment Fraud
An offer that uses false or fraudulent claims to solicit investments or loans, or that provides for the
purchase, use, or trade of forged or counterfeit securities.
3. Business Opportunity/ "Work at Home"
The offer of a phony job opportunity, often with associated charges such as "processing or
application" fees. Perpetrators frequently forge the name of a computer service or Internet Service
Provider.
4. Financial Institution Fraud
Misrepresentation of the truth or concealment of a material fact by a person to induce a business,
organization, or other entity that manages money, credit, or capital to perform a fraudulent activity.
5. Credit Card Theft/Fraud
The unauthorized use of a credit/debt card or credit/debt card number to fraudulently obtain money
or property. Credit/debt card numbers can be stolen from unsecured web sites.
6. Ponzi/Pyramid Schemes
An investment scheme in which investors are promised abnormally high profits on their investments.
No investment is actually made. Early investors are paid returns with the investment money received
from the later investors. The system usually collapses, and the later investors do not receive
dividends and lose their initial investment.
7. Non-Delivery of Goods/Services
The non-delivery of goods or services which were purchased or contracted remotely through the
Internet, independent of an Internet auction.
A. " My girlfriend or rather ex-girlfriend bought some clothes using my card."
B. " I saw this advertisement on a web-site, offering really high profits for a small
investment. I transferred US1000 and I haven't heard anything since! Neither have lots more people, I
understand!"
C. "I have a computer and Internet at home and this Internet company said I could compose advertising
texts for them and be paid for them. But they charged me 50US$ for their application form and another
US$50 for "distribution of my credentials" and I haven't heard from them since."
D. "Well, you know I like to collect coins. There was a great selection in an on-line auction. I paid 200US$
for what was described as a 'Charles 1 token'. The Internet picture was certainly Charles I, but when the
coin arrived it was quite different...and virtually worthless!"
E. " I wanted a list of properties. This Internet agency promised to supply the list and I transferred US$100
to the account but I haven't received the list and they don't reply to my e-mails."
F. " I received several messages via the Internet and e-mail from this client who said he needed a credit to
extend his business premises. He wanted to build a new office section for his small factory, so he said. Well,
this is certainly part of our work in supporting small business. But what he didn't say was that he had
already received a loan from another bank for the same project."
G. "Have you ever heard of the "Re-development and Re-structuring Fund"? Well, from
the website description, the scheme is based on a bond or security certificate, paying 6% over 5 years. I
bought US$5000, received the certificate and now I find out it is all false. The company, the fund, the
certificate everything!"
Activity 3
THE "CASABLANCA" STING
Read about this well-known case involving money laundering
Summary
1. In 1995 US Customs agents, posing as money launderers were hired by the Cali drug
cartel.
2. In early 1996, the agents located employees in 12 large Mexican banks who agreed to
launder drug money for a 1% commission. The bankers opened sham accounts.
3. The undercover agents collected Cali-Juarez drug-sale proceeds on the streets of cities
like New York, Chicago, Houston, Miami and even Milan in pick-ups ranging from
$150,000 to $2 million. By the Summer of 1996, the agents were depositing the cash into
phony accounts via US Banks.
4. The money was wire-transferred to the Mexican or Cayman Islands bank branches and
converted into cashiers checks made out to the fictitious companies. These checks can be
cashed almost anywhere in the world with no questions asked. The drug-cartel origins of the
money were now erased. During the three-year operation, more than $50 million was
laundered.
5. The agents delivered the cashiers checks to cartel operatives in Cali.
6. In May 1998, the Mexican bankers were arrested by Customs in the USA after they had
been lured to money-laundering sales meetings in Las Vegas, San Diego and Los
Angeles.
Vocabulary from the summary
1. to pose as =
2. sham ( slang) =
3. proceeds =
The law does not allow criminals to retain the proceeds of their criminal activities. Drugmoney or other money gained by criminal activities is confiscated.
4. pick-up =
or hand-over of money for something else (usually drugs)
5. phony (slang) =
6. to cash a check (cheque) =
7. to lure =
(often by attracting someone; the famous "honey trap" is a form of
enticement!)
The engineer was lured into a trap which compromised him and made him agree to become a spy.
1) The bust was one of the final acts in an intricate three-year undercover effort by the
Clinton administration to root out drug-money laundering via the U.S. The sting,
known as Operation Casablanca, had jailed more than 160 people from 6 countries and
from more than half a dozen banks in Mexico and Venezuela, most of them respectable
mid-level financial institutions. It had also led to extraordinary criminal indictments
against 3 of Mexicos largest banks for their alleged role in the money laundering.
Customs agents had seized more than $150 million in assets from the powerful
Colombian Cali cartel and Mexicos Juarez cartel.
2) Aside from the wounds inflicted on the drug lords, Casablanca caused acute
embarrassment to the Mexican government and its scandal-plagued banking system. US
law-enforcement agents had not breathed a word of the operation to their counterparts in
Mexico and even luring the bankers across the border was done to avoid the red-tape of
extradition. Even President Zedillo of Mexico was unaware of the slick operation, some
of it taking place on Mexican soil. Not surprisingly, Zedillo sent a stern letter of protest
to President Clinton.
3) US officials insisted that the safety of their undercover agents was the primary concern
but it is well-known that even high-ranking Mexican law-enforcement officers have been
found to be in the employ of the cartels, so, unofficially, US agents say they never
seriously considered briefing anyone outside the US.
4) For their part, US Customs officials say that probing higher for corruption would have
set off
alarms which could have compromised the sting. They hope that those arrested will
point the finger at other conspirators in order to cut their own potential sentences, which
could run as high as life imprisonment.
Activity 4
Which paragraph talks about...
A. An official (offended!) Mexican reaction
B. The impact of the "bust"
C. Strategic objectives of the operation.
D. The non-involvement of the Mexican authorities.
Discuss the issues of cooperation/non-cooperation between countries on such topics.
Exercise 6
FIND WORDS IN THE TEXTS (1-4) WITH THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:
Section
1.
- a slang word meaning final (dramatic) solution of a criminal operation
2.
- a slang word meaning to discover
- financial resources
- surrounded by scandal
- had not revealed any information
- efficient, well-organised
3.
4.
Activity 5
Adapted from an article by David Scott, Senior Financial Sector Specialist, World Bank
May 1995
The last step is to make the wealth derived from the illicit proceeds appear legitimate. This
integration might involve any number of techniques, such as using front companies to
"lend" the proceeds back to the owner or using funds on deposit in foreign financial
institutions as security for domestic loans. Another common technique is over-invoicing or
producing false invoices for goods sold--or supposedly sold--across borders.
Activity 5
Match one of the expressions underlined or in bold type with these definitions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The first international STOP Money Laundering! conference took place in London in
February 2001. This is the post-conference communique, summarising the main concerns.
Activity 6
Read the text. Identify where the 5 points (A-E) should be inserted into
the communique.
A) More seminars and conferences in the future with participation of the leading
organisations such as FATF, UN, World Bank, IMF etc. should be set up without further delay.
B) The international banking community should progress from the recommendation stage to
the stage of providing banking standards and requirements.
C) There should be enhanced co-operation between the developed countries and the
developing
countries in expediting the return of laundered money to the people from whom it was stolen.
D) Legal delays must be reduced and the whole process accelerated.
E) Established cases of financial crime must be dealt with promptly and severely. We all know
that without justice there will be no real peace.
Communique
The total sum involved in money laundering is huge and stands in the way of the economic
development of many countries. The Conference underlined the importance of fighting
money laundering which is also recognised as a major source of terrorist funding. This
communique, based on the recommendations of the Conference participants, is addressed to
all those involved in the regulation and prevention of money laundering, namely: the United
Nations, FATF, IMF, World Bank, Governments, Ministries of Finance, Central Banks,
Commercial Bankers; Associations and other national and international organisations and
regulatory and control bodies.
Taking into consideration the fact that different states around the world have varied political
and economic systems and levels of social development, each country may have a different
approach to fighting money laundering. The discussions showed that the definition of money
laundering as economic crime is not the same in all countries.
There are cases when the controlling authorities make mistakes in blocking or freezing
accounts suspected of being involved in money laundering activities. Where it is found that
the suspects are not involved in money laundering activities there should be compensation
for the aggrieved parties. Some progress has already been made. The banking system of the
Russian Federation has achieved significant results in achieving further transparency and in
anti-laundering activities.
It was recognized by the Conference participants that the Ukraine is making progress in the
fight against money laundering. Illustration from some recent investigations carried out by
the Ukrainian Tax Police show that the Ukraine is fulfilling FATF obligations in combating
money laundering. Significant arrests and the freezing of suspect accounts in the Ukraine
and abroad are examples of international co-operation in the fight against money laundering.
Taking into consideration the efforts of the Ukraine and the practical results achieved, it was
felt that its position on FATF black list was due for examination and reconsideration.
The return of stolen funds
1. All laws and regulations that inhibit the restitution of money which has been stolen and
laundered must be revised.
2. All governments, and in particular in those countries which have suffered badly from the
theft of national funds, should pass legislation to make it increasingly difficult for such
monies to be lodged in any bank in the world.
3. All the monies stolen from countries like Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo,
Zimbabwe etc. should be returned to these countries forthwith after the due process of law
has been followed.
4)
_________________________________________________________________________
5) The developed countries should not hide under the due process of law as a reason for
delay before returning stolen money to the appropriate third world countries.
Changes which need to be implemented
6) The global co-operation that is being advocated in all the money laundering seminars
should not just be left as spoken or written words but should be acted upon and put into
practice.
7) _____________________________________________________________________
8) All legislation that tends to encourage the receiving of dirty money into countries,
particularly the developed countries, should be amended and make it increasingly difficult to
bring in such money.
9) ______________________________________________________________________
10) It is clearly felt by some nations, and in particular by the African countries, that the West
is being hypocritical in criticising them for being the source of money which is laundered,
when it is the West which is to blame for facilitating money laundering by accepting the
funds in the first place.
11) The West should change its approach by showing genuine concern for anti-money
laundering particularly as it concerns developing countries.
Positive actions which should be taken
12) _____________________________________________________________________
13) There is an urgent need to make banking instructions and other documentation of
leading Western banks and controlling authorities more readily available to the Central
banks of the emerging markets.
14) The training of bank officials should be organised on a multi-lateral level with
participation of IMF, BIS and FATF.
15) Monetary teams should be set up to improve compliance with money laundering rules
and regulations. Membership of the teams must be worked out later but there must be
equitable representation.
16) _____________________________________________________________________
Now read through the completed text again for better comprehension.
Exercise 7
CYBERCRIME: Glossary of Useful Terms
Put these words in the correct place in one of the definitions.
relying / defensive/ unscrambling/ executed/ malicious/ slows/ copying/ becomes/ illicit/
packages
Application software
The unauthorised (4) ________________ and resale of digital goods (e.g. software,
music files)
Encryption
Basic operating platform the software foundation includes DOS, Windows or UNIX
Phreaking
A program that attaches itself to a legitimate one, makes copies of itself and may
release a payload
Worm
1. Europes first case of electronic blackmail occurred in 1998 when the German Noris
Verbraucher Bank offered a 10.000 DM reward for information leading to the arrest of a
hacker who was blackmailing the bank. The hacker had claimed to have raided several
customer accounts and to have retrieved data from the Banks central system. He was
demanding 1million DM otherwise he would release data on the Internet.
2. To date, there have only been a few known cases of unauthorised transfers. The most
notorious occurred in 1994 when the US Citibank was targetted by Russian criminals.
Losses of over $400.000 were recorded and never recovered.
3. The goal of many hackers is merely to gain unauthorised access to systems and then to
go no further. They are primarily motivated by the challenge offered or by wishing to
show up deficiencies in security. Although their motive is relatively harmless, they may
still cause damage to systems and give rise to financial loss for their targets.
4. Studies invariably show that most hacking incidents against companies and
organisations are committed by insiders. In a 1999 FBI/CSI survey, 55% of respondents
reported that they had experienced unauthorised access by employees and 30% had
suffered system penetration from outsiders. UK surveys do not suggest as many
businesses are victims there.
5. Sabotage against companies and illegal acquisition of financial documents, research and
development results or other secrets are acts which aim to damage rival businesses by
undermining its status or by causing it financial loss. The UK Metropolitan Police has
encountered instances of employees copying company data bases and setting themselves
up in competition. This copying does not (at the moment at least) constitute an offence
under UK theft law.
6. Numerous reasons have been suggested for non-reporting of hacking incidents- fear of
negative publicity, concern that competitors would exploit the case, fear of attracting
other hackers and the lack of confidence in the law to do anything about it. In addition,
there is usually the factor of the loss of the system while the investigation is carried out.
7. In the UK, unauthorised access to computer systems, programs or data is an offence
under the Computer Misuse Act 1990, punishable by a fine of up to 2000 GBP, or
imprisonment up to six months or both. Stiffer penalties (up to 5 years imprisonment and
unlimited fines) are available for offences related to using computer systems to commit
other offences or to cause unauthorised modification of a computers contents.
8. A widely-reported cyber-space campaign occurred in Norway in 1998; thousand of
students protesting about the student loan system inundated the government with over
200.000 e-mail messages. This did not cause widespread disruption but more skilful
protests have included altering official web-sites, demanding an end to nuclear weapons
and protests by animal rights activists by illegally entering or blocking official sites.
9. According to the UK Department of Trade and Industry, internal hacking cost UK
industry GBP 1.5 billion between 1992 and 1998 with 70% of all hacking incidents
being of this type.
UNIT 13
Exercise 1
Fighting Global Crime
Put the words given into the correct places in the following statements.
will
perceptions provide
insufficient temporary
backed
faster
implications
heavily
arises
1. Transnational crime has grown ______________than international law enforcement
capabilities.
2. Transnational crime thrives on ________________ alliances and shifting networks
between criminal entrepreneurs.
3. Law enforcement relies ______________on formal agreements between
governments and national police forces.
4. The effectiveness of bodies such as Interpol and the Europol depends on the political
______________ of participating nations.
5. There is no global police force and _____________ cooperation between national
crime fighters.
6. States want complete control of their security services and democracies worry about
the __________________ for civil liberties of global policing.
7. Inequalities in wealth partly due to the opening of borders in Eastern Europe
_____________ opportunities for both amateur smugglers and organised crime.
8. Globalisation and technology have changed ________________ of territorial
control.
9. Criminals stealing money electronically may have no physical presence in the
country where the cash is stolen or deposited. The question _______________:
where was the crime committed and whose jurisdiction should apply?
10. U.N. conventions are helpful but do little to combat crime unless they are
______________ by credible international enforcement.
Exercise 2
Match the following verbs with their corresponding definitions:
1 to thrive on (sth.)
2 to bring down
3 to break into
4 to stumble on (sb./sth)
5 to put away
6 - to set up
Discuss with a partner the aspects of fighting global crime outlined above.
Exercise 3
The Mafia the original organised crime group!
Listen to the text and say whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE or
NOT STATED
1. The name mafia is mainly associated with Italy but has become a general term for
organised gangsterism.
2. The Fascists under Mussolini supported the Mafia.
3. Bootlegging was the term given to illegal smuggling of migrants in to the USA.
4. Mafia control and power spread into the US armed forces, infiltrating the army
especially.
5. The Mafia was involved in many rackets but avoided drugs for moral reasons.
6. The FBI under J.Edgar Hoover recognised the threat to society from organised crime
at a very early stage.
7. The Mafia changed their operations from local rackets to national and transnational
activities.
8. The Mafia has always remained an exclusively Italian/Sicilian based partnership.
Activity 1
Translate into English
Mafia este o lume logic, raional, funcional i implacabil. Mult mai logic, mai
raional i mai implacabil dect statul. Mafia este o articulaie a puterii, o metamorfoz
a puterii, dar i a patologie a puterii. Mafia este un sistem economic, o component
obligatorie a sistemului economic global. Mafia se dezvolt datorit statului i i
adapteaz comportamentul n funcie de acesta.
Activity 2
Comment on Louise Shelleys assertion:
Organised crime will be a defining issue of the 21st century as the Cold War was for the
20th century and colonialism was for the 19th century. These ideas may help you.
Organised crime
vast profits/ instability/ human weakness/ speed of communication/
white-collar criminals/ corrupt governments/ built on poverty/ exploit greed and power
Cold war
Control of information/ climate of fear/ mutual distrust/ image of the enemy/
superpowers only- other countries mainly onlookers
Colonialism
exploitation/ benefit to whom? / notion of dominance/ legacy of colonialism/ mentalities
Exercise 4
Fill in the gaps with one of the following words:
social
effects
policies
weak
civil
phenomena
growth
network
global
issues
Exercise 5
Read the following excerpts on organized crime and decide which of the following
headlines is appropriate for each of them.
1. MONEY LAUNDERING
2. WHITE COLLAR CRIMINALS
3. THE GLOBAL FLESH TRADE
4. CAUGHT UP IN CORRUPTION
5. REWARDS OF THE DRUGS TRADE
6. RIVALRY FOR THE TOP JOBS
A. Where western governments worry about the insidious power of criminal gangs,
some countries with less developed democracies have governments which practise a
form of super-organized crime looting the national wealth for the benefit of family and
friends. The line between gangsters and dictators may be hard to distinguish. And even
western politicians can sometimes get trapped in the organised crime net. The temptation
to turn a blind eye in return for massive financial reward is a human weakness not
restricted to poor undemocratic countries.
B. One of the striking features of modern organised crime is that some gangs continue to
operate effectively even when their leaders are killed or put in jail. This is an indication
of very sophisticated organisational structures. However, the notion of global crime
groups with formally constituted management pyramids is probably misguided.
C. Clearly, however, the loss of gang leaders may cause great disruption of activities,
especially if rival contenders begin killing each other for the top positions.
D. Organised crime offers such vast profits that new gangs appear as soon as old ones are
put away. The anomalies of the global marketplace - rich alongside poor; wide variations
in national laws and regulations and the price of goods (such as petrol, cigarettes and
alcohol); legal bans on goods or services in wide demand (such as drugs, gambling or
prostitution); and the wide availability of arms in the post-Cold War environment offer
numerous opportunities to organised crime.
E. According to the UN, the drugs trade alone is reckoned to generate revenue of $ 400
billion a year. Such huge sums make it possible for the traffickers to bribe almost anyone
in their path. The nature of operations has changed too, with numerous gangs operating
across borders and using advanced technology (such as encrypted computers) to pursue
and conceal their activities. The weaponry available to some of these groups is of
paramilitary grade. No form of potential market is ignored, nothing is taboo.
F. The scale of the profits from drug trafficking and other activities of organised crime
is such that it requires complex international banking arrangements. The proceeds of
most crime come in cash, whereas most commercial transactions are conducted by paper
(cheques, bank drafts etc.) or plastic card. Turning dirty money into clean money
(laundering) has thus become a major industry of its own.
G. Cash can be laundered by simply passing it through a legitimate cash-based activity
such as gambling (racecourses, casinos, etc.), sports stadia (turnstile receipts, food and
drink sales, etc.); or the entertainment business (restaurants, hotels, nightclubs etc.).
10
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Why do these aims have a business, social and political angle as well as a lawenforcement one?
How much do you think business investment depends on social and political stability?
Exercise 7
Now complete the text about SECI with an appropriate adjective or past-participle
selected from the box. The first letter(s) have been given to make it a bit easier!
called/ seconded / supported / filtered
harmonized/ realized/ composed of / trafficked
mounted/coordinated /initiated
The Center has an operational framework consisting of Liaison Officers,
(1) se__________________ by police and customs from each member country who are
(2) su__________________ by a national office. The national office, again consisting
of police and customs representatives is (3) c_________________ the National Focal
Point.
It has the responsibility of providing (4) h___________________ and
(5) f ______________ final information or data to the Liaison Officer at the Center. The
exchange of information between the Liaison Officer at the SECI Center and its
corresponding National Focal Point Office is (6) r_____________________ on the basis
Read the text and translate the underlined items into English
in libertate, disparand fara urma. Cand a fost condamnata la ani grei de inchisoare,
femeia era departe. Surse din lumea interlopa sustin ca traficantii de droguri vor repurta o
noua victorie (12) impotriva celor care incearca sa stopeze flagelul mortii albe la Sibiu.
Acolo se pregateste achitarea membrilor unei alte retele de traficanti de cocaina, condusa
de Dan Emil.
Dragos BOTA
Adevarul 07 November 2002
Exercise 8 National Criminal Intelligence Service helps jail five men on 2.5
million drugs seizure in Lincolnshire and Leeds
Listen to the report from October 2002 and complete the information
Total of defendants
From which towns?
Drugs involved
Police forces/agencies
involved
Pleas at trial
Verdicts
Range of sentences
Charges
Hiding place for drugs
From
to
years
Possession and ________________ to ___________
Exercise 9
Complete the list based on vocabulary items from the listening text. Use a dictionary if
you are unsure.
VERB
NOUN
1. to supply
a _____________ of heroin
2. __________________
surveillance
3. to plead
_____________
4. __________________
a package (of information)
5. to seize
a ______________ of drugs
6. to originate
______________
7. to target
the main ______________ is drug dealers
8. __________________
with intent to / (with the intention to)
9. to disrupt
_______________
10. to fuel
_______________
Exercise 10
Put in the best form of the passive to complete the text below.
National Crime Squad and NCIS uncover multi-million pound drugs factory
on East Sussex Farm
National Crime Squad detectives today (18 July 2002) discovered one of the UK's
biggest ever illicit amphetamine factories at an isolated farm in East Sussex. National
Criminal Intelligence Service experts from the Synthetic Drugs Unit are now debriefing
the site*, and believe it gives new intelligence on current techniques in amphetamine
production.
It (1) (believe) _____________that in the factory, which was in production at the time of
the raid, up to 20kg. of heroin (2) (produce) _______________ drug each week for some
time, with a potential street value profit of up to 1 million a week.
Three people (two men in their forties and a woman in her thirties) all British, (3) (arrest)
____________________at 1.30 p.m. today. The men (4) (arrest) ___________ in
Streatham, South London - one in a car in Grayswood Road, the other at a house in the
same street. The woman was arrested simultaneously in the factory in a specially
converted building on a farm property at Hurst Green, East Sussex, which was actually
producing amphetamine as detectives entered.
The building (5) (make) __________________ safe. Due to the isolated location, there
had never been any actual danger to local residents or passers-by over the past months.
Noxious fumes, waste deposits (A) in and immediately outside the building, and the
ever-present danger of explosion, made it a hazardous place for anyone working there or
entering.
A spokesman for the NCIS Synthetic Drugs Unit said: "This is a significant discovery for
NCIS, and will tell us much more about production methods in the UK, which is still the
highest consumer of amphetamines in Europe. (B) NCIS was aware of the individuals
involved and are delighted that they (6) (catch) ____________________.
"There is much to learn from the factory site about illicit laboratories, the way that
manufacturing equipment (7) (use) _____________ and the methods utilised by the
chemists (C) behind this sort of major drugs conspiracy."
Experts from the Forensic Science Service (FSS) who helped examine the building,
described it as one of the most sophisticated and productive (D) such plants they have
seen.
The operation (8) (carry out) ____________________ by detectives from the Slough
Branch office of the National Crime Squad with assistance from NCIS, the FSS, the
Metropolitan Police and Sussex Police. The three people arrested (9) (interview)
___________________by National Crime Squad officers at police stations in South
London and Sussex.
debriefing the site (!) Usually to debrief has persons as direct object.
e.g. The officer debriefed his men after the incident.
Activity 5
Grammar comments
Homework task!
Now look at the grammar points in bold type (A) to (D)
A) What do you notice about the use of the prepositions?
Can you make similar phrases with other modifiers such as occasionally
frequently generally especially?
e.g. These films are made for and occasionally with members of the public (rather
than with professional actors).
B) What do you notice about the verb agreement (i.e. use of singular/plural)?
Activity 7
arrested when two articulated lorries were stopped in Spalding and Leeds. Searches
revealed 18 kilos of heroin in the lorry in Spalding and 110 kilos of cannabis in one in
Leeds - the total estimated street value of the drugs was 2.5 million. Three men were
arrested on the A52
at the Roman Caf near Grantham, and the other two were arrested in Leeds. Both
vehicles had recently arrived in the UK from mainland Europe. The operation to seize
the drugs and make the arrests was carried out by the National Crime Squad's Calder
branch and Lincolnshire Police, with assistance from NCIS. Armed National Crime
Squad officers were present when the lorry was stopped in Spalding, but no shots were
fired.
Details of the defendants are as follows:
Nicholas HOWARTH, aged 34, of Queens Road, Spalding, Lincs. - Possession with
Intent to Supply Heroin - pleaded guilty - sentenced to 19 years.
Martin WILKINSON, aged 35, also of Queens Road, Spalding - Possession with Intent
to Supply Heroin - was found guilty - sentenced to 8 years.
Richard THORNLEY, aged 29, of Main Road, Wigtoft, Lincs - Possession with Intent to
Supply Heroin - was found guilty - sentenced to 18 years.
Simon FAGG, aged 34, of Amberton Crescent, Gipton, Leeds - Possession with Intent to
Supply Cannabis - pleaded guilty - sentenced to 6 years.
William LAMBERT, aged 30, of Neville Avenue, Spalding, - Possession with intent to
Supply Heroin - pleaded guilty part way through the trial - sentenced to 4 years.
Detective Superintendent Graham WHITE, of Lincolnshire Police, said: "We work
closely with the National Crime Squad and other agencies to target and arrest offenders
like these. People like them are a high priority for Lincolnshire Police. They peddle
misery and grief and we are proud to be part of this operation which has taken them off
the streets.
Detective Chief Inspector Gerry SMYTH, of the National Crime Squad, said: "This
operation was a good example of how partnership working within the police service can
have a real impact on serious and organised crime. The drugs seized were on their way to
dealers who would have fuelled the miserable trade in drugs to the tune of 2.5 million
worth of heroin and cannabis. Putting this network in prison disrupted the supply of
those drugs and sent a clear warning to others."
Exercise 10
Match the word with its definition
1. to fuel
2. to the tune of
3. to peddle
4. partnership
5. to target
Activity 9
Drug slang
This area of criminal sub-culture has produced a lot of slang expressions, some dating
back to the early years of the 20th Century.
Unscramble the letters to get the right answers
an addict : JNKIUE
heroin: SOHRE
L.S.D.: DIAC
to buy drugs : to CORES
to inject drugs: IXF
drug dealer: SHREUP
amphetamines: "Uppers and OWDSNER"
marijuana: DEWE / SARGS
to overdose : D.O.
cocaine: WNOS
crystallised cocaine: RACKC
taking LSD: (go on a RPIT / take a RPIT)
to be addicted: to have a NOMEKY on your back
to come off drugs : to go LDOC RKEYUT
no longer using drugs: LECAN
to be under the influence of drugs at that moment: HGIH or TONESD
You may know songs which warn of the danger of drugs a well-known old song is
Needle of Death by Bert Jansch or a song Sam Stone about an American Vietnam
veteran who became addicted during the war. Other songs may seem to glorify the use
of drugs and most people say that, for example, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds by
the Beatles is a song about the pleasant side of L.S.D. Other songs came from the
hippy period, such as Eight Miles High by the Byrds or Mr Tambourine Man by
Bob Dylan, but more modern groups like Alice Cooper, Nirvana or Marilyn Manson
have allusions to drug use. Perhaps it would be interesting to look at the words of
some songs to identify the references.
CRACK COCAINE