A/L ICT 2012/ 2013 Notes

7. Computer Programming
7.3 Flow Charts
A flowchart is a diagram to represents an algorithm or process.
Shows the process steps as various boxes connected with arrows.
A diagram that represents step-by-step solution to a problem.
Arrows represent flow of control.
Help analyzing, designing, documenting of programs

Flow Chart Symbols

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Driving across town to reach a specific goal using a flowchart

Computer Troubleshooting FlowChart

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Programming Flow Charts

Explain this flowchart

What would be the output?

Draw a flowchart to find the largest of three numbers A,B, and C.

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Draw a flowchart for computing factorial N (N!)
Where N! = 1 2 3 N .

Practice Flow Charts

Draw a flowchart to read a number N and print all its
divisors.
Draw a flowchart for computing the sum of the digits of
any given number
Draw a flowchart to find the sum of given N numbers.
Draw a flowchart to computer the sum of squares of
integers from 1 to 50
Draw a flowchart to arrange the given data in an ascending
order.

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A/L ICT 2012/ 2013 Notes

Exercise 1
Nishan sells pumpkin at the market One day his wife wanted to
know at any time during the day:
How many sales have been sold?
What was the value of the biggest sale?
What was the value of the smallest sale?
What was the average value of sales?
Processes:
Maintain a counter of sales
Store the value of the most expensive sale
Store the value of the least expensive sale
Maintain total sales
Calculate Average

Variables :
Bunches_Sold
Highest_Price
Lowest_Price
Total_value
Average_Price

Decisions:
Find_Highest Value
Find_Lowest Value

Loops:
Selling Pumpkin

algorithm in step form

price of cheapest sale=0
price of highest sale=0
sales_made=0
While there are Pumpkins to sell
make a sell of Pumpkin
input current sale
total_sales=total_sales+current sale
increment the sales_made by 1
if price of current sale > price of highest sale
price of highest sale = price of current sale
end if
if price of current sale < price of cheapest sale
price of cheapest sale = price of current sale
end if
average_sale=total_sales/sales_made
print sales_made
print price of highest sale
print price of cheapest sale
print average_sale
end of while
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A/L ICT 2012/ 2013 Notes

Compare your Flowchart with following Flow Chart

Using nested loops in flow charts

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Multiway selection in flow charts

Exercise
Assume you have the following data stored in a file
CLASS12A,Nishan,Ishan,Rishan,Sohan,Dashan,Kushan,Deshan,Ush
an,Ashan,CLASS12B,Milan,Dilan,Zilan,Rushan,CLASS12C,END
It represents students in different classes.
Design a program using flow charts to:
reads the data and displays the names of the students
under each class
count the number of students in each class
count the number of classes

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A/L ICT 2012/ 2013 Notes

Write Psuedocode for Flow Charts

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A/L ICT 2012/ 2013 Notes

Nassi-Schneiderman diagram
The Nassi-Schneiderman (NS) diagram is a graphical method of
stating algorithms. It is very easy to read for beginners.
NS diagram indicates an algorithm with a
process (Process 1) followed by a decision.
Each outcome of the decision has a process
associated with it. If the decision
evaluates as true then Proc 2 is carried
out, if false then Proc 3 is carried out. I

The process symbol

The decision symbol

The repeat condition extends to
the processes it controls

While construct is the reverse of

the repeat.

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A/L ICT 2012/ 2013 Notes

Comparison of NS diagram with flow charts

Compare and Contrast the advantages and disadvantages

Psuedocoding, Flowcharts and NS diagrams for program
designing.
Design a high level program to control a toy robot with sleep,
awake, walk, jump, rotate, crawl, run, climb functions.
Draw a flowchart for your program design.

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