Achenbach Extract

Downloaded From "www.sholehsanat.
com"
The International Journal of Thermal Processing
Carbon Composite
Hot Zone 42
INSIDE
6
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A
IH Connect
Jet Airflow Improvements
Great Scanner Debate
Burner Upgrades
Publication Vol. LXXXIV No. 2
FEBRUARY 2016
Downloaded From "www.sholehsanat.com"
Aluminum Furnace
TECHNOLOGY LEADERSHIP
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814-332-8400 - info@secowarwick.com
Call Jack Mahoney for a Quote or
More Information at 814 332 8430 or
e-mail jack.mahoney@secowarwick.com
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w w w. u n i f r a x . c o m
IH CONNECT
elcome to IH Connect. Heres a quick and convenient way to connect with

leading industry suppliers through social media, website or e-mail. Below is a list
of advertisers in this months issue. Connect with them
to stay abreast of the latest technologies in the industry.
Across International
www.facebook.com/AcrossIntl
twitter.com/acrossintl
info@acrossinternational.com
www.acrossinternational.com
G-M Enterprises
SECO/WARWICK
www.facebook.com/pages/
SECOWARWICK/149795378426980
www.linkedin.com/company/seco-warwick-corptwitter.com/SECOWARWICK
www.youtube.com/user/secowarwickgroup
info@secowarwick.com
www.secowarwick.com
sales@gmenterprises.com
www.gmenterprises.com
Solar Manufacturing
Ajax Tocco
www.linkedin.com/company/ajaxtoccomagnethermic
www.youtube.com/user/ajaxtoccomagnetherm
info@ajaxtocco.com
www.ajaxtocco.com
Ipsen
www.facebook.com/IpsenUSA
www.linkedin.com/company/ipsenusa
twitter.com/ipsenupdate
www.youtube.com/ipsenvideos
sales@ipsenusa.com
www.ipsenusa.com
www.facebook.com/SolarManufacturing
www.linkedin.com/company/solarmanufacturing
twitter.com/SolarMfg
www.youtube.com/user/SolarManufacturing
info@solarmfg.com; www.solarmfg.com
Super Systems Inc.

Ametek Land
twitter.com/landinst
irsales@ametek.com
www.ametek-land.com
Jackson Transformer
www.linkedin.com/company/supersystems-inc
www.youtube.com/user/SuperSystemsInc
info@supersystems.com
www.supersystems.com
sales@jacksontransformer.com
www.jacksontransformer.com
Surface Combustion
Can-Eng Furnaces International
www.linkedin.com/company/can-engfurnaces-international
furnaces@can-eng.com
www.can-eng.com
Lindberg/MPH
www.facebook.com/
LindbergMPH-1089563824402274/
www.linkedin.com/company/lindberg-mph
lindbergmph@lindbergmph.com
www.lindbergmph.com
info@surfacecombustion.com
www.surfacecombustion.com
Tinius Olsen
www.facebook.com/TiniusOlsen
twitter.com/tiniusolsen
info@tiniusolsen.com; www.tiniusolsen.com
Custom Electric
sales@custom-electric.com
www.custom-electric.com
Daniels Fans, a Cincinnati Fan Company

nasales@danielsfans.com
www.danielsfans.com
6
FEBRUARY 2016 IndustrialHeating.com
Protection Controls Inc.
Unifrax I LLC
email@protectioncontrolsinc.com
www.protectioncontrolsinc.com
www.linkedin.com/company/unifrax-i-llc
www.youtube.com/user/UnifraxILLC
info@unifrax.com; www.unifrax.com
Qual-Fab
Unitherm Furnace
sales@qual-fab.net
www.qual-fab.net
info@unithermfurnace.com
www.unithermfurnace.com
HOT?
No Problem.
Daniels Fans offers a comprehensive range of fans operating up to 2100 F.

World leading manufacturers of high temperature industrial fans since 1977.
Now in North America.
A Cincinnati Fan Company
nasales@danielsfans.com | www.danielsfans.com | 800.628.1200
34
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CONTENTS
42
FEBRUARY 2016
FEATURES
Nonferrous Heat Treating
Aluminum Coil Annealing

30 Improving
Using Jet Airflow
Keith Boeckenhauer
SECO WARWICK Corp.; Meadville, Pa.
Heat treaters are always looking for new ways to save

money. For aluminum processors, rapid heating of the coil
with minimal hot spots results in a faster annealing cycle
that reduces energy consumption and improves product
quality through higher surface temperature uniformity.
Read it online at www.industrialheating.com/jetflow
Nonferrous Melting/Forming/Joining
Burner Retrofits for

38 Ultra-Low-NOx
Aluminum Furnaces
Dave Schalles and Matt Valancius

Bloom Engineering Company, Inc.; Pittsburgh, Pa.
Upgrading burners is often an effective way to achieve
process improvements such as increasing productivity,
decreasing fuel use and/or minimizing NOx and CO2
formation. One of the most economical ways to perform
an upgrade is by retrofitting an existing burner with new
technology.
Read it online at www.industrialheating.com/lowNOx
Induction Heat Treating
Great Scanner Debate:

34 The
Move the Part or the Coil?
Mike Rugg
Interpower Induction; Almont, Mich.
Induction scanning machines for vertical part orientation

come in a wide variety of length ranges and weight
capacities. Generally speaking, induction scanning
machines either move the part or move the induction
coil. There are certainly pros and cons to each method.
This article addresses some of the major differences.
Read it online at www.industrialheating.com/scanner
Ceramics & Refractories/Insulation
Furnace Hot-Zone Upgrade

42 Vacuum
and Improvement
Jez Higham Schunk Carbon Technology;
Heuchelheim, GERMANY
Vacuum furnace users encounter unique maintenance

issues. Hot-zone longevity has been an issue that can be
improved by using carbon composite (CC) products. CC
plate is used for hot-face protection and CC profiles for
edge protection.
Read it online at www.industrialheating.com/ccomposite
IndustrialHeating.com FEBRUARY 2016
22
24
www.normandyguitars.com
16
14
CONTENTS
14
16
Editors Page
In Tune with Nonferrous
Our February issue focus is nonferrous, and much of our content this month
deals with things nonferrous. We look at aluminum and titanium news and
suggest a resource full of interesting stories nonferrous and otherwise.
Federal Triangle
Energy: Less Government = More Success
No other nation is as blessed as the U.S. with various energy supplies.
Private producers must be allowed to sell energy to create jobs and stabilize
domestic energy prices. The federal government, however, is stifling private
enterprises ability to produce, transport and use these commodities.
18
The Heat Treat Doctor
22
24
MTI Profile
FEBRUARY 2016
DEPARTMENTS
26
Industry News
29
Industry Events
29
Economic Indicators
46
Products
47
Literature Showcase
48
The Aftermarket
49
Classified Marketplace
54
Advertiser Index
High-Temperature Oxidation A Case Study

The effect of hydrogen on aluminum alloys can manifest itself in a
phenomenon known as high-temperature oxidation (HTO), also known
as high-temperature deterioration (HTD). A case study involving
aluminum aerospace fasteners in which hydrogen-induced damage was
found after solution heat- treatment and aging operations serves as an
excellent example.
Furnaces North America 2016
IHEA Profile
AFC-Holcroft
On the Cover:
A Schunk technician is shown relining a furnace hot
zone (p. 42).
INDUSTRIAL HEATING (ISSN: Print 0019-8374 and Digital 2328-7403) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, Inc., 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for
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10
CAN-ENG FURNACES
INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
GLOBAL
EXPERT
THERMAL PROCESSING SOLUTIONS
FOR HIGH PRESSURE DIE CASTINGS
(HPDC) AND ALUMINUM
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
CAN-ENG
TECHNOLOGY
MAINTAINS DIMENSIONAL STABILITY

AND IMPROVES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
CAN-ENG FURNACES INTERNATIONAL LIMITED is the industry leader in the development

of automated heat treating systems for the processing of HPDC and light-weight aluminum
structural components. For an innovative response to your design challenges, email
Tim Donofrio at: tdonofrio@can-eng.com to learn about CAN-ENGs latest advances
in energy saving technology, material handling and automations.
VISIT US AT CASTEXPO 2016 ON APRIL 16-19 2016 AT THE

MINNEAPOLIS CONVENTION CENTRE TO LEARN MORE
PO Box 235, Niagara Falls, NY 14302-0235
www.can-eng.com | T: +1 905.356.1327 | F: +1 905.356.1817
Manor Oak One, Suite 450, 1910 Cochran Rd., Pittsburgh, PA 15220
412-531-3370; Fax: 412-531-3375; Online: www.industrialheating.com
MANAGING DIRECTOR
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GROUP PUBLISHER
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EDITORIAL/PRODUCTION STAFF
3
ONLINE
1
Web Exclusive
Additive-Manufacturing Research Explores the Behavior of Metals, Alloys

Work is being done in the field of additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing. This
growing industry allows manufacturers to create more complicated, lighter parts with less
wasted materials. Ye t questions linger about how additively manufactured materials will
behave in their environment. Will the materials be durable? Will corrosion be a problem?
Find out the answers to these questions and more by reading this article online at
www.industrialheating.com/amresearch. Yo u can also see it as part of our new 3D Printing
Report enewsletter, which comes out once every other month starting in February. If youre
interested in receiving it, or in contributing content, contact bill@industrialheating.com.
Atmosphere Heat Treatment:

Atmospheres, Quenching, Testing (Vol. II)
2
This second volume from Dan Herring will provide readers with a wide range of useful
information, both from a practical and technical standpoint on the subject. What makes this
book unique to the heat-treating industry is that it is written specifically for the heat treater,
engineer and metallurgist by one of their own.
www.industrialheating.com/aht2
Web Exclusive
Every Gram Counts in Automotive Manufacturing

Several meters of tubing or tube-like profiles are found in every road vehicle. And just like
every other component in a motor vehicle, they are continuously being modified with the
goal of optimizing costs as well as reducing weight and improving mileage.
www.industrialheating.com/tube2016
New App
Industrial Heating proudly announces the launch of Industrial Heating Mobile for iOS and
Android-based phones and tablets. With Industrial Heating Mobile, you will be able to read
the latest Industrial Heating content anywhere you go, formatted to take advantage of your
mobile devices capabilities.
www.industrialheating.com/apps
12
Reed Miller Associate Publisher/Editor M.S. Met. Eng.,

reed@industrialheating.com; 412-306-4360
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Linda Becker Contributing Editor, beckerl@bnpmedia.com; 262-564-0074
R. Barry Ashby Washington Editor,
askbarry@industrialheating.com; 202-255-0197
Dan Herring Contributing Technical Editor, 630-834-3017;
heattreatdoctor@industrialheating.com
Dean Peters Contributing Editor, dean@forgemag.com; 216-570-4537
Karen Talan Production Manager, talank@bnpmedia.com; 248-244-6246
Brent Miller Art Director, brent@industrialheating.com; 412-306-4356
AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT
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Anna C. Silvestri Audience Audit Manager
For subscription information or service, please contact Customer Service at:
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Toll Free: 800-223-2194, ext. 684; Email: kevin.collopy@infogroup.com
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Email: michael.costantino@infogroup.com
ADVERTISING SALES REPRESENTATIVES

Kathy Pisano Advertising Director and Online Advertising Manager,
kathy@industrialheating.com; 412-306-4357, Fax: 412-531-3375
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Becky McClelland Reprint Quotes; becky@industrialheating.com; 412-306-4355
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CORPORATE DIRECTORS
John R. Schrei Publishing
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Michael T. Powell Creative
Scott Wolters Events
Lisa L. Paulus Finance
Scott Krywko Information Technology
Marlene J. Witthoft Human Resources
Vincent M. Miconi Production
Heat Treatment Solutions from Across International

Across International provides a full line of heating equipment, including high temperature electric furnaces, drying
ovens and induction heaters.
500F 1.9 cu ft vacuum
oven with dual-stage pump
750F 2.5 cu ft forced air convection
oven with 28-segment controller
We have more than 20 years of industrial manufacturing

experience. We provide quantity discounts and will reply
to your requests within the same business day. 100%
customer satisfaction is always our first priority.
* We provide sample testing and custom made coils for induction heaters at our
New Jersey facility.
More info at www.AcrossInternational.com
500F 7.5 cu ft 3-zone vacuum

oven with heating shelves
1200C 8 OD tube furnace with

Kanthal heating element
Quenching
Annealing
Melting
15kW 30-80KHz compact induction heater

with temperature controller and vacuum kit
1700C 4 OD vertical tube furnace

with alumina tube & sealing kit
1700C 12x10x10 controlled

atmosphere muffle furnace
20kW 50-250KHz induction heater
25kW 1-20KHz induction heater

with tilt-pour melter
Visit us at the shows:

Phone: 888-988-0899 Email: info@AcrossInternational.com
Web: www.AcrossInternational.com
ACROSS INTERNATIONAL
Material processing equipment
EDITOR'S PAGE
In Tune with Nonferrous
ur February issue focus is nonferrous,

and much of our content this month
deals with things nonferrous. Check
out our feature articles on the following
topics: improving aluminum coil annealing,
burner retrofits for aluminum furnaces, carboncomposite hot-zone upgrades and induction
scanning.
REED MILLER
Associate Publisher/Editor
412-306-4360
reed@industrialheating.com
14
Aluminum News
As usual, much of the current nonferrous news is
aluminum and involves Alcoa. The company just
completed their annual investor meeting on Jan. 11.
Results for Q-4 and for the full year of 2015
showed slight losses compared to gains in 2014.
Alcoa plans to permanently eliminate several
smelting/refining operations. These closings will
result in layoffs of more than 1,200 in Texas and
Indiana alone.
Alcoa predicts that 2016 will be another strong
year for global aerospace sales. The very same
day as their meeting, the company announced
that they signed a $1.5 billion contract with GE
Aviation. Per the agreement, Alcoa will provide
nickel-based superalloy, aluminum and titanium
materials to General Electric. In December,
Alcoa entered into two agreements worth $2.5
billion with Boeing to provide titanium seattrack assemblies, advanced titanium, alloy steel,
stainless steel, nickel-based superalloy and
advanced fastening systems. Boeing and Airbus
set new records for aircraft deliveries in 2015,
with Boeing up 5.4% from 2014.
The Global Lightweight Vehicle
Manufacturing Summit was held earlier in
2015. The premise is that lightweighting is
essential to meet CAF standards, so how
do we cost-effectively manufacture the new
generation of vehicles containing multiple
materials? It is their belief that carbon-f iber
composites are in the advanced-development
phase and are not viable in the next three
to five years for medium- to high-volume
vehicles.
One of those high-volume vehicles
using aluminum in 2015 was the Ford
F-150. Upwards of 800-900 million pounds
of aluminum is needed each year for the F-150.
This quantity is divided between Alcoa and
Novelis. Using the F-150s tailgate panel as a

comparison test sample (vs. steel), the aluminum
is 55% thicker, 45% lighter, 30% more dentresistant and 20% stiffer.
Platts is reporting that China is expected to
construct 7 million mt/year of new smelting
capacity in 2016, an increase of about 18%. It is
this Chinese capacity (and illegal subsidies) that
is creating six-year lows in aluminum prices.
These low prices are the reason for Alcoas 2015
underperformance.
Acknowledging this fight for survival,
Century Aluminum is leading an aggressive
campaign to challenge Chinas aluminum
exports. Supported by Alcoas announcement
to shutter smelters, a Century Aluminum
spokesman said that the U.S. is going to lose the
aluminum smelting business entirely in just a
matter of time if things continue as is.
Titanium News
Using their Rapid Plasma Deposition (RPD)
process, Norsk Titanium AS continues to grow
to meet aerospace demand. Norsk recently
hired three leaders with aerospace backgrounds
to help them accelerate their growth and
fundamentally change the aerospace titanium
industry. As we mentioned in previous
discussions, titanium is being used more heavily
in composite aircraft because aluminum is
incompatible with carbon f iber.
A Resource
Its been a while since we mentioned an
Industrial Heating resource written by yours
truly. Everyday Metallurgy is a coffee-table-type
book that provides an attractive and compelling
look at what we do and how it applies to
everyone. Some of the nonferrous topics covered
are jewelry, jet engines, artificial joints, coins, an
aluminum guitar, bicycle frames, piano strings
and the Liberty Bell. We even throw in the
kitchen sink and much more.
If you would like to have a great way to tell or
show folks what you do and why its important,
Everyday Metallurgy could be just the ticket. You
can order your own copies by going to www.
industrialheatin g.com/everyday-metallurgy.
Enjoy!
FEDERAL TRIANGLE
Energy: Less Government = More Success
BARRY ASHBY
Washington Editor
202-255-0197
askbarry@industrialheating.com
16
s a redneck kid going to college where Id

never been before, I arrived in Cleveland
in 1955 and saw what coal can do to an
environment. It is very dirty but cheap in
fueling industry.
Then when I got my first job after
engineering school and moved to West Virginia,
I saw another view. Children would pick up lump
coal along the road or rail track, fill a basket,
dump it when full into a hopper car and place
a chalk mark by their name on the car. Once a
month a railroad man came by and gave each child
a nickel for every mark by their name. There is a
sad human side to the coal industry in addition to
the dangers in mining it. Still, 52% of U.S. electric
power today is generated by burning coal.
In the upper Midwest alone, where 75% of
electric power comes from coal, 10 of 95 GWt of
capacity will be retired over the next few years.
Fully 2.234 GWt of Midwest coal-fired electric
generation was retired in 2015. This is bad news
for coal folks but good news for gas replacements
from Marcellus and Utica shale, which supplies
95% of new U.S. gas production used for electricity.
So, a decline in coal use is offset by increased
gas use, necessitating new pipelines and storage
capacity that heralds a business boost for many
readers. Concurrently, there are concerns over
this Administrations rejection of the Keystone
XL pipeline, a 1,179-mile-long system to bring
830,000 barrels per day of Canadian crude into
the U.S. Keystone is not the first or only transborder pipeline, but when the U.S. government
denies such a permit it sends a strong signal that
the people and industry of America are in
jeopardy. Government manipulation of our
private energy sector is not appropriate.
Lets take a look at gas supplies and
prices as well as the outlook for 2016.
(This is all based on data from Natural
Gas Supply Association,
reports from Energy
Ventures
Analysis and
the Energy Information Administration.)

Over the 2014-15 winter, gas prices averaged
$3.21 per MMBtu and, according to the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA), there were 3,685 heating degree days
(HDD). NOAA expects a decline of 6.87% to
3,432 HDD this winter of 2015-16. Retirement
of 20 GWt of coal-fired electricity in 2015 will
be replaced by gas, and an additional 24 GWt of
coal-use reduction will occur by 2020. Further,
51 new projects (37 petrochemical, 11 fertilizer
and three steel) plus 15 plant expansion projects
are planned between now and 2020. During this
winter, gas production is predicted to be 74.4
Bcf/d (billion cubic f eet/day), an increase of 1
Bcf/d. With this gas-supply glut and more coming
online, gas prices at the onset of this winter
season (Nov. 1, 2015) fell to $2.10 per MMBtu.
Experts say $3 per MMBtu gas is really not
sustainable in the long run. A movement toward
$4-5/MMBtu is likely.
Now lets discuss recent failed federal
legislation. Congress had two bills pending that
would allow export sale of American energy
products. House bill H.R.702 was to allow
export of oil for the first time in 40 years, and
it passed the House 261-159 on Oct. 19, 2015.
The bill was to repeal Section 103 of the Energy
Policy and Conservation Act, which allows
the President to restrict exports of petroleum
products, natural gas, petrochemical feedstocks
and coal. This House-passed bill was never
addressed in the Senate.
However, Senate bill S.2011 (Offshore
Production and Energizing National Security
Act of 2015) was introduced Sept. 9, 2015. It
was an abomination that did not address any
problems discussed here. Remember that this
legislative process must start over from scratch
with each new Congress.
America now has energy excesses. Private
producers must be allowed to sell it to create jobs,
and stabilize domestic energy prices. No other
nation is as blessed as the U.S. with various
energy supplies, but the federal government is
stifling private enterprises ability to produce,
transport and use these commodities. It is past
time to coerce a change in government to reflect
the will of the people.
AMETEK Land - Americas

150 Freeport Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, U.S.A
Tel: +1 (412) 826 4444
Email:
irsales@ametek.com
www.ametek-land.com
Land Instruments International
Dronfield, S18 1DJ, England
Tel: +44 (0) 1246 417691
Email:
land.enquiry@ametek.co.uk
www.landinst.com
THE HEAT TREAT DOCTOR
High-Temperature Oxidation A Case Study
DANIEL H. HERRING
The HERRING GROUP, Inc.
630-834-3017
dherring@heat-treat-doctor.com
he effect of hydrogen on aluminum alloys

can manifest itself in a phenomenon
known as high-temperature oxidation
(HTO), also known as high-temperature
deterioration (HTD). A case study involving
2024 and 7075 aluminum aerospace fasteners in
which hydrogen-induced damage was found after
solution heat-treatment and aging operations
serves as an excellent example. Lets learn more.
In simplest terms, HTO (Fig. 1) is a form of
hydrogen diffusion that affects surface layers of a
part during elevated-temperature treatment. This
condition is often due to moisture contamination
in the furnace atmosphere and is sometimes
aggravated by sulfur or other furnace refractory
contamination. The most common manifestation
of HTO is surface blistering (Fig. 2). However,
it may also appear in the form of surface voids or
internal discontinuities. The symptoms of HTO
are nearly identical to those of high gas content in
ingots due to improper mill practices. The 7xxxseries alloys are the most susceptible followed by
the 2xxx alloys.[2]
Background
Aerospace fasteners were being manufactured
from 2024 and 7075 wrought aluminum bar stock.
After heat treatment and during assembly, the hex
end of multiple fasteners fractured and separated
from the body close to the specified torque level.
The quality department quarantined the parts in
Fig. 1. High-temperature oxidation manifesting itself as surface and subsurface porosity

18
question. Visually, some surface pitting could be

observed. Samples were analyzed, both in-house
as well as by an independent laboratory to identify
the root cause of failure.
The heat treatment of the two different
fastener materials involved heating to 465C
(870F) and 495C (920F), respectively, in
an electrically heated air-circulation oven
and holding for 75 minutes. The temperature
uniformity of the oven was 5.5C (10F).
After soaking at temperature, a trap door
opened beneath the single-basket load, which was
then tilted so that the fasteners tumbled out of the
basket into a chute that led to a water quench tank
located below the oven. The loose parts were then
collected in a perforated basket located beneath
the chute. The water in the quench tank was
kept at 32C (90F) via a heat exchanger before
the introduction of parts. It was observed that
the water was rising to 60C (140F) during the
quenching operation.
The quench chute itself included an area that
consisted of fine-mesh screening located around
the circumference and extended for about 2 feet
below the water level so as to allow water in the
tank to move freely through the quench-chute
area. A pipe with a series of holes designed to
spray water across the top surface of the tank was
located just at the water line in order to prevent
steam from rising and entering the heating
chamber as the parts were dropped from above.
Laboratory Investigative Work
Samples were gathered in the field and analyzed
both as received using stereomicroscopy and after
preparation by both optical and scanning electron
microscopy. Samples were cut using a precision
cutoff machine, and metallographic mounts were
prepared in accordance with ASTM E3 using a
conductive mounting material suitable for use in
the SEM.
The scanning electron microscope was
equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy
(EDS) capability. The EDS was capable of
characterization of the near surface using both
secondary electron imaging and backscatter
electron imaging for evaluation of compositional
variation (Fig. 3). Results from this analysis

CHALLENGE US WITH
YOUR CUSTOM PROJECT
Unitherm Furnace designs and manufactures
quality products and services, ranging in size
and spanning industries nationwide.
UNITHERM FURNACE
LET A UNITHERM FURNACE BE THE SOLUTION.
Customers rely upon Unitherm Furnace, LLC for their custom designs, high quality industrial manufacturing, and unbeatable customer
service. With at least 30 years of relevant experience, our team members provide knowledge spanning several industries. This allows
Unitherm Furnace to open our doors to a variety of challenging projects our competitors might turn down. Our adaptability enables us to
design furnace systems that meet your needs while saving energy, lowering costs, and improving quality. Our dedicated team builds to fit
your specific space and output needs whether you need something new or are modifying, retrograding, or upgrading a current system.
Contact Unitherm Furnace today to find the solution to all your custom and standard industrial heat processing needs.
FURNACE CONTROL SYSTEMS
MISSOURI HEAT TREAT
SERVICES OFFERED
Custom Control Panels

Burner and Combustion Systems
Flame Safety Equipment
Missouri Heat Treat, Inc. has been a

strong branch of Unitherm Furnace
since 1980, providing commercial metal
treating processes to several industries.
Furnace repairs, rebuilds, modifications,

and renovations (on/off-site)
System calibration services
(including AMS-2750E Compliance)
New part sales
unithermfurnace.com | info@unithermfurnace.com | 636-327-5777
What Direction Are You Headed?
0-25 Bar All Purpose Vacuum Furnace

Applications
Low Pressure Carburizing, Hardening, Brazing,

Annealing, Solution Aging, Sintering, Tempering
Maximum Load Size
Up to 5,500 lbs.
Operating Atmosphere
Carburizing, Inert, Vacuum, Reducing
Controls
Intuitive, User-friendly, Touch Screen HMI
Uniformity
Better than 10F
Hot Zone
Graphite or Metal
Convective Heating
Up to 1400F
Vacuum
Up to 10-5 torr
Quenching
2, 6, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Bar, N2, Ar, He
Over 700 furnaces installed worldwide
SECO/WARWICK Meadville, PA USA

814-332-8400 - info@secowarwick.com
Call Michael Lister for a Quote or
More Information at 814 332 8557 or
e-mail michael.lister@secowarwick.com
www.secowarwick.com
Brazil China India European Union USA
THE HEAT TREAT DOCTOR
Al
1.5
Fig. 2. Backscatter electron image of the blistered surface of the part

showing a large blister with subsurface porosity
1.2
0.9
Field Investigative Work

Based on laboratory findings, water vapor present in the
heating chamber was suspected to be the root cause. If water
vapor rose from the quench-tank chute, it could enter the
furnace through the trap door in the heating chamber. A
high-humidity atmosphere was suspected as the source of
hydrogen, which subsequently entered the part surface during
the soak period.
Close inspection of the quench-tank area revealed two
distinct problems. First, the exiting spray located at the water
line of the tank was blocked, which limited spray and, in
some cases, prevented spray from coming out of the holes.
Disassembly found the pipe and holes to indeed be partially or
fully clogged by mineral deposits and debris. Well water was
being used to supply the system. Although not analyzed, it is a
known source of such mineral deposits.
Second, the fine-mesh screen used to allow flow of water
from the tank to the quench-chute area was completely
blocked. This created a localized temperature rise in the chute
area, creating steam that then rose into the oven proper. All
components were cleaned, and a preventive-maintenance
schedule was established. The problem did not reoccur.
Mg
KCnt
were documented through acquisition of digital photography,

including EDS results of the corresponding spectra for each
area analyzed. Multiple locations on each sample were evaluated
to determine the degree of consistency in composition and
morphology.
The result of the analysis was that the near-surface condition
observed on a number of suspect parts was that of HTO.
The presence of the subsurface porosity induced by HTO
required the parts in quarantine to be scrapped and not used for
production.
0.6
0.3
0.0
O
C Fe
0.90
Si
2.00
Energy - keV
3.10
4.20
5.30
6.40
7.50
8.60
9.70
Fig. 3. Representative spectra from subsurface showing primarily

aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) but high levels of oxygen (O), silicon
(Si) and carbon (C)
Conclusion
Case studies are invaluable and offer us the opportunity to share
practical lessons learned.
Hydrogen-induced damage in fasteners is an industry concern
most often negated by bake-out cycles. Phenomena such as the
case of high-temperature oxidation, however, underscore the
need for the heat treater to be ever diligent.
References
1. Herring, Daniel H., Atmosphere Heat Treatment, Volumes I and
II, BNP Media, 2014 and 2015
2. ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys,
Joseph R. Davis (Ed.), ASM International, 1993, pp. 298-299
3. Dorward , R.C., Strain-Activated Hydrogen Absorption during
Heat Treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy AA7475, Oxidation of
Metal, Volume 55, Nos. 1/2, 2001
4. Marquis, F.D.S., Mechanisms of Formation of Hydrogen Porosity
in 7X50 and 2X24 Aluminum Alloys, Effects on Mechanical
Behavior, Gas Interactions in Nonferrous Metals Processing, D.
Saha (Ed,), The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 1996
5. Lumley, R.N., et. al., Rapid Heat Treatment of Aluminum HighPressure Diecastings, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions
A, Volume 40A, July 2009
21
MTI PROFILE
Furnaces North America 2016

Dont Miss the Future of Heat Treating
MTI
Metal Treating Institute
904-249-0448
www.HeatTreat.net
urnaces North America 2016 (FNA

2016), presented by the Metal Treating
Institute (MTI) in partnership with
Industrial Heating, is the heat-treating
industrys marquee event every other year. FNA
2016 brings attendees from over 35 states and
20 countries together for learning/training via
technical sessions, business opportunities via the
trade show and networking events. FNA 2016,
held Oct. 4-5 in Nashville, Tenn., will provide
attendees with three elements that will deliver
the future of heat treating.
Learning that LASTS

At FNA, which started in 1995, the technical
conference is produced by a team of heat treaters
and suppliers that analyze technical presentation
applications to select the best 40 sessions on a
wide array of technical issues. These sessions
provide attendees the latest on trends, emerging
technologies and information on topics including
energy savings, AMS 2750 compliance, heattreating systems, furnace equipment, planning/
modeling and maximizing productivity. You
will also hear the latest developments in process
technologies. Knowledge is critical to the success
of a heat-treat line, and FNAs technical sessions
bring the most important topics to every show.
Business that CONNECTS
The most active part of any FNA experience is
the trade show. With over 150 top suppliers in
every facet of thermal processing, this is where
22
the daily needs of heat treaters are fulfilled. On

the show f loor, heat treaters and suppliers connect
to learn about each other, what heat treaters are
challenged with and how suppliers can solve those
issues. FNAs two-day exposition is a must for
any owner, general manager, plant manager or
manager in maintenance, quality or production.
FNA 2016 encourages companies to bring their
key management team to help introduce them
firsthand to the new technologies shaping the
future of heat treating.
Networking is KING
At FNA, attendees experience a set of exciting
social functions that allow heat treaters to
connect with one another to discuss the
new ideas they learn about throughout the
conference. They also share their daily
experiences in dealing with issues like energy,
employees, maintenance, audit compliance and
equipment purchases. FNA social events also
help suppliers get away from the trade-show
booth and listen to heat treaters needs in a more
informal environment. This gives suppliers an
opportunity to serve the heat treater better and
develop products for their specific needs.
FNA 2016 provides the learning/training,
business opportunities and networking events
that heat treaters need to build a bright future.
Visit www.FurnacesNorthAmerica.com for more
details on FNA 2016 or to register for the event.
Thermal Processing Box Furnace

Standard Features & Benefits
Temperature range to 2000F with exceptional uniformity

Low maintenance
Low watt density RO elements provide longer life and
reduced maintenance costs
Lightweight ceramic block insulation is energy efficient
Pneumatically operated door for ease of use
Circulating fan units maximize temperature and
atmosphere uniformity
Options
Endothermic or exothermic atmosphere system

Dissociated ammonia system
Nitrogen atmosphere system
Retorts, dew point control and roller hearth rail
Now With A
3 Year
Warranty!
A Proven Leader in
Thermal Processing Box Furnaces.
The Lindberg/MPH Rod Overbend Box Furnace provides
you with a fast heating rate, heavy load capacity, and
reliability so you can achieve increased productivity.
Lindberg/MPH P.O. Box 131 3827 Riverside Road Riverside, MI 49084

www.lindbergmph.com Email: lindbergmph@lindbergmph.com Phone: (269) 849-2700 Fax: (269) 849-3021
Lindberg/MPH is a brand of Thermal Product Solutions, LLC.
IHEA PROFILE
AFC-Holcroft 100 Years of Innovation that Endures
IHEA
Industrial Heating Equipment Assoc.
859-356-1575
www.ihea.org
24
FC-Holcroft owes much of its success

to its unique history. Evolving over the
course of many decades, the company
has transformed itself from a small
furnace rebuilder to a worldwide supplier of a
variety of thermal-processing equipment.
Robert Bob Keough formed Atmosphere
Furnace Co. in 1962, initially to provide rebuild
services for commercial and captive heat treaters.
The business eventually advanced into the design
and build of new furnace equipment. Expanding
on his own knowledge of heat treating, Keough
and several partners started a separate heattreating venture using the process of continuous
belt austempering, developing and proving a
pioneering austempering process that AFCHolcroft is still known for to this day.
Atmosphere Furnace Co. continued to
thrive on its own. But the company experienced
a spike in growth in 1996 when it acquired
Pacific Industrial Furnace Co. (PIFCO), giving
Atmosphere Furnace Co. a strong presence in
the foundry and forge industries. Two years later
in 1998, the company acquired ThermAlliance,
which was known for its aluminum brazing
products. Operations for all three companies were
combined into a single address in Wixom, Mich.,
which continues to be AFC-Holcrofts current
headquarters.
A monumental change came in 2000, when a
Keough family trust entity purchased Holcroft LLC.
Formed in Detroit in 1916, the company long

known as simply Holcroft was a widely recognized
name in the heat-treat industry. The business
names were combined to create AFC-Holcroft,
giving credit to the strong name recognition
earned by both companies.
Each of AFC-Holcrofts legacy companies
had specific niche markets and product offerings
that the company has been able to leverage. All of
the legacy companies are still actively serviced by
AFC-Holcroft, and all products are fully supported
with parts and service, marketed under the AFCHolcroft name. With over 100 employees, this
IHEA member proudly serves the automotive,
aerospace, agriculture, bearings, fastener, gear,
mining and commercial heat-treating industries.
With such a wide range of products offered,
AFC-Holcroft is perhaps most well-known for its
integral batch quench furnaces, pusher furnaces
and austempering technology.
AFC-Holcroft is the undisputed leader
in equipment created for austempering, a
growing salt-quench technology that is being
widely adopted by manufacturers interested in
lightweighting components. An offshoot of
AFC-Holcrofts flexible, modular UBQ (universal
batch quench) integral quench heat-treating cell,
the UBQA (universal batch quench austemper)
system uses an under atmosphere salt quench
that reduces part distortion and has become the
accepted technology for the use of austempered
ductile iron (ADI).
AFC-Holcroft is definitely not done evolving.
In just the past year, the company has introduced
remote diagnostics a service for gathering and
analyzing furnace data that offers the customer
greater insight into the performance of their
equipment. The company has also recently
incorporated several new design features on its
specialized roof fan and on its groundbreaking
EZ endothermic gas generator. The use of
CFD modeling, which brings together data and
technology, is being implemented to allow the end
user a greater role in the design and utilization of
their equipment.
As in the past, an ongoing commitment to
quality and innovation will contribute to company
growth in the years to come.
Visit www.afc-holcroft.com for more information.
Great
Designs
= Years of
Quality
Heat
Treating
When you look closer at SECO/WARWICKs
atmosphere furnace designs, you discover custom engineered
equipment that meets your production requirements at a
reasonable cost.
Most heat treating processes can be accomplished in a
variety of batch and continuous equipment designs and we
have the technical experience to select the most innovative
design to produce repeatable, quality heat treatment results
for years of reliable service.
If you are looking for the equipment value and energy

savings only atmosphere furnaces can offer, take a look at
SECO/WARWICK on our website, www.secowarwick.com, or
call our Thermal Process Group at 814-332-8400.
SECO/WARWICK
Meadville, PA 16335
814-332-8400 Fax 814-724-1407
info@secowarwick.com secowarwick.com
USA Poland India Brazil China
News
Equipment &
Business
EQUIPMENT NEWS
Atmosphere Furnace Line
LPC Furnace
Ipsen sold an atmosphere furnace, temper, washer, loader,

endo generator and load table to a commercial heat treater in
the Midwest. This batch atmosphere furnace will be used for
several processes, including carburizing, neutral hardening and
carbonitriding. It will help the company increase its capabilities and
product offerings. The furnace has a 36- x 48- x 38-inch load size
with a 3,500-pound
load capacity. It
operates at temperatures
of 1450-1800F (788985C) and has a
quench-oil capacity of
3,500 gallons. Featuring
variable-speed quench
agitation, users are able
to achieve and maintain
better quenching
control, which results
in minimized distortion
and high part quality.
www.ipsenusa.com
SECO/WARWICK will supply a low-pressure carburizing (LPC)

furnace to Polands Ponar Wadowice S.A., a part of Ponar Silesia.
The furnace, which is scheduled to be delivered in May 2016, is
able to address many technical challenges in LPC,
including oil hardening. CaseMaster Evolution
is a double-chamber furnace with an
oil-quenching system that prevents
intergranular oxidation. It will deliver
higher-quality final products
and decrease operating costs
compared to atmosphere
furnaces. This is the first LPC
furnace purchased by Ponar
Wadowice.
www.secowarwick.com
Oil-Quench Monitoring Systems

PhoenixTM received an order for two of its patented hot-box
oil-quench systems from a bearing manufacturer. The systems
monitor the temperature of parts in the product basket throughout
the furnace and oil quench, allowing data from the full process
to be accessed. The systems will be used in the companys oil and
salt-bath quench lines. The highly automated furnaces used in
the manufacture of wind-turbine bearings can be surveyed using
a standard furnace management program without the need to
discharge the system prior to the quench.
www.phoenixtm.com
Vacuum Furnace
Remix S.A. of Poland received an order for a new horizontal
vacuum furnace designed to carry out high-pressure quenching
in inert gas at 10 bar followed by vacuum tempering. The furnace
is scheduled to be delivered to a commercial heat-treating plant
in the U.S. in 2016. The dimensions of the furnaces heating
chamber measure 910 x 910 x 1220 mm (36 x 36 x 48 inches),
ensuring effective treatment even at maximum load capacity of
3,000 kg (6,615 pounds). Workpieces of varying dimensions will
be processed in the furnace, which features a four-zone system of
cooling nozzles.
www.remixsa.pl
26
Car-Bottom Furnace
J.L. Becker, a Gasbarre Furnace Group company, recently shipped
a car-bottom furnace to a large Midwestern aerospace company. The
furnace is designed for a proprietary coating process and is equipped
with a 4.5-foot x 8-foot x 4-foot work zone capable of handling
an 8,000-pound load with a maximum operating temperature of
1900F (1038C). Process capabilities include stress relief, hardening,
tempering and preheating. The furnace was custom-designed for
specific customer needs.
www.jlbecker.com
Aluminum Stack Melting Furnace

Lindberg/MPH recently shipped a gas-fired aluminum stack
melting furnace to a leader in the marine industry. The furnace was
modified to hook directly to the companys existing melting furnace
to provide additional melting capacity and efficiency. Lindberg/
MPH designed a system
that attached via a short and
enclosed launder connection
trough. The two manually
operated doors on adjacent
sides allow for easy access
to the melting chamber for
cleaning. The laser chargestack level-control monitors
material level in the stack
for maximum efficiency.
Lindberg/MPH will also
perform on-site start-up and
training. www.lindbergmph.com
Modernize Your Vacuum
Fives will supply a high-performance vertical annealing furnace

for the new hot-dip galvanizing line at POSCOs Gwangyang
plant in South Korea. The furnace is needed to produce the latest
advanced high-strength steel grades. Fives will design and supply
its latest-generation vertical annealing furnace, including patented
Flash Cooling technology and the latest AdvanTek 2.0 radiant-tube
combustion system operating with coke-oven gas. POSCO, one
of the largest auto-sheet manufacturers in the world, launched the
construction of its seventh continuous galvanizing line at its largest
and most modern plant at Gwangyang.
www.fivesgroup.com
BUSINESS NEWS
Nucor DRI Plant to Resume Operations
9215 Gas Nitriding & FNC

Automated Back
Pressure Control
Automated Single and
Two Stage Processes
Control of KN and %DA
9220 Vacuum
Overshoot Suppression
Direct Connection to
Vacuum Gauge
Multiple PID Sets with
Switch Points
All Retrofit Controls Support:

Programmable Push Button Control
Programmable Control/Display Objects
Load Tracking/Monitoring
Built-In Paperless Chart Recorder
Built-In Maintenance Scheduling
Searchable Notes
Recipe Management
Houghton, SMS Group to Develop

Rolling Oils for Metal Production
Houghton International and SMS group announced an exclusive
partnership to develop and distribute rolling oils for metal
production. SMS group is one of the worlds largest manufacturers of
ferrous and nonferrous plants and mill equipment for the production
continuted on p. 28
Kaiser Aluminum Corp. has commenced a five-year, $150 million

capital-investment project at its Spokane, Wash., facility (Trentwood)
to meet continued demand growth. The investments will focus on
equipment upgrades throughout the process flow to reduce conversion
costs and increase efficiency. A significant portion of the project
will focus on modernizing the legacy equipment and process flow
for thin-gauge plate to achieve quality enhancements for aerospace
products. In addition, the investments will result in further expansion
of Trentwoods manufacturing capacity.
Percent Carbon and

Temperature Control
Built-In Quench
Control Timer
Probe Conditioning
and History
Fax: 513 - 772 - 9466
Kaiser Aluminum Investing $150 Million

in Facility
9205 Atmosphere
513 - 772 - 0060
Nucor Corp. announced that its direct reduced iron (DRI) plant in
Louisiana will resume operations by the end of January. The plant
temporarily suspended production at the end of last year for planned
maintenance, and the company decided not to resume production at
that time based on market conditions. Nucors raw-materials strategy
is built on flexibility, with the company constantly evaluating the
market for the lowest-cost raw-material inputs at the quality levels
customers need. Changes in the market led to the decision to restart
plant operations.
Heat Treat Controls

Retrofit Experts
7205 Edington Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45249
Vertical Annealing Furnace
27
News
Equipment &
Business
of flat, long, tubular and wire products. The German company will work exclusively with
Houghton to develop and apply advanced metal-rolling technologies to meet the future
demands of global metal producers. Houghton and SMS will leverage their research and
development resources to develop advanced metal-rolling oils, and Houghton will become the
exclusive distributor of oils for SMS mill equipment.
Bodycote to Open Two New

U.S. Facilities
Bodycote will open two new heat-treatment
plants in the southeast U.S. A plant in Covington, Ga., will open in spring 2016 to
replace the nearby Conyers facility. The new
facility, primarily serving automotive and
general industrial customers, will increase
capacity to serve the Georgia and Florida
markets with a wide range of heat-treatment
processes. A new Nadcap-accredited facility
will be established in Greenville, S.C., that
will serve the regions aerospace manufacturing supply chains with heat-treating and
brazing requirements. The plant is scheduled
to be operational in mid-2016 and will provide further expansion opportunities.
ENGINEERED
Ampco-Pittsburgh to Acquire
Akers AB
Ajax TOCCO is YOUR complete source

for induction heat treating systems,
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Quench & Temper

Normalizing
Coating &
Galvanizing
Welding
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28
Ampco-Pittsburgh Corp. entered into a

definitive agreement to acquire Swedens
Akers AB and some of its affiliated
companies (excluding its operations in
France and Belgium). The acquisition is
expected to approximately double the sales
of Union Electric Steel Corp., a wholly
owned operating subsidiary of Ampco
and a leading producer of forged and cast
engineered products for the steel and
aluminum industries. Akers AB has been a
leader in the production of cast and forged
rolls since 1806 and has manufacturing
facilities in Europe, North America and
China. The $80 million deal is expected to
close in the first quarter of 2016.
Kobe Aluminum Automotive

Products Investing in
Kentucky Facility
Kobe Aluminum Automotive Products
(KAAP), a supplier to the automotive
industry, will invest $57 million in
its Bowling Green, Ky., facility. The
approximately 116,000-square-foot
addition will provide KAAP with capacity
for substantial equipment upgrades and
will also add 112 jobs. Construction will
begin in December and is expected to be
finished by October 2016.
INDUSTRY EVENTS
March 7-9
MIM 2016 International Conference on Injection Molding of
Metals, Ceramics and Carbides; Irvine, Calif. www.mim2016.org
April 4-8
Wire 2016 International Wire and Cable Trade Fair; Dsseldorf,
Germany www.wire-tradefair.com
Tube 2016 International Tube and Pipe Trade Fair; Dsseldorf,
Germany www.tube-tradefair.com
April 16-19
CastExpo 2016 & 120th Metalcasting Congress; Minneapolis,
Minn. www.afsinc.org
April 18-22
23rd International Congress of Advanced Thermal Processing
(23rd IFHTSE Congress); Savannah, Ga. www.ifhtse.org
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
REQUEST FOR QUOTE
ORDERS
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BACKLOG
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Values above 50 indicate growth or increase. Values below 50 indicate contraction or decrease.
To participate in this survey, please contact Bill Mayer at bill@industrialheating.com
April 20-21
3rd Central Eastern European Heat Treatment Forum; Wroclaw,
Poland www.heat-treatment-forum.eu
April 26-28
Ceramics Expo The Manufacturing Tradeshow for Ceramic
Materials and Technologies; Cleveland, Ohio
www.ceramicsexpousa.com
May 16-19
AISTech 2016 The Iron & Steel Technology Conference and
Exposition; Pittsburgh, Pa. www.aist.org
May 16-19
RAPID 2016 The Authority on 3D: Printing, Scanning and
Additive Manufacturing; Orlando, Fla.
www.rapid3Devent.com
August 10-12
FOR SUPER SAFETY

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for over 24 hours of continuous operation application
For over 60 years, we have provided Electrical Safety
Equipment for Industry. For complete information, contact us at
e-mail@protectioncontrolsinc.com or visit our website
at www.protectioncontrolsinc.com
ITPS Americas (International Thermprocess Summit),

sponsored by IHEA and Industrial Heating; Chicago, Ill.
www.itps-americas.com
7317 N. LAWNDALE AVE. P.O. BOX 287 SKOKIE, IL 60076-0287

(847) 674-7676 CHICAGO: (773) 763-3110 FAX: (847) 674-7009
29

NONFERROUS
HEAT TREATING
NONFERROUS
HEAT TREATING
Improving
Aluminum
Coil Annealing
Using Jet Airflow
Keith Boeckenhauer SECO WARWICK Corp.; Meadville, Pa.
Heat treaters are always looking for new ways to save money. For aluminum
processors, rapid heating of the coil with minimal hot spots results in a faster
annealing cycle that reduces energy consumption and delivers better product
quality through higher surface temperature uniformity.
his article discusses a jet airflow process patented by

SECO/WARWICK Group called Vortex (Fig. 1).
The design harnesses cyclonic rotation and wind speed
to accomplish these objectives. These furnaces are
presently in use throughout the world for coils ranging from
8,500-25,000 pounds.
Heat Transfer
The key to the system is an increased heat-transfer coefficient
achieved by high-speed air impinging on both sides of the
coil. The intent is to transfer heat through the wound edges
as opposed to only through the outside layer of the coil. By
adopting this method, the heat-transfer efficiency can be
increased from 30% in a traditional design to 70%. The process
heat-transfer coefficient has been calculated at 150 W/m 2K.
Heat-Delivery System
The heat-delivery system consists of three components. The first
critical component is the air recirculation fan. One of two
types of fans is used depending on the coil size being processed
and the required airflow needed. The semi-axial fan has been
specifically developed for use in the Vortex furnace (Fig. 2). It
is designed to optimize the flow pattern of an axial flow impeller
and to achieve the higher pressures needed for jet f low. It will
produce a pressure of 4-5 inches WC. The second type of fan
used for large-coil processing is a standard centrifugalstyle impeller. Processing larger coil sizes necessarily requires more
air at higher pressures. The centrifugal impeller produces a
pressure approximately 7-8 inches WC.
The second component of the heat-delivery system is the
30
flow ducts and plenum (Fig. 3). The flow ducts serve to direct
the flow of air to specific points within the furnace while
maintaining the pressure developed by the fan. When using
a centrifugal impeller, custom-engineered diffuser vanes are
incorporated into the ducts to compensate for the directionalflow characteristics inherent with this impeller.
The patented plenums are located at the exit end of the ducts.
The plenums consist of inclined jet nozzles arranged in such a
way as to create a multitude of vortices directed at the coil side.
The air velocity generated through the plenum combined with
the rotation of the air produces the higher heat-transfer rate
associated with impingement heating, but it eliminates the hot
spots typically produced by straight nozzles.
A straight nozzle hits in one spot and the air rebounds
sharply off the surface. This concentrates the heat at the point
of impingement while the adjacent surface remains significantly
cooler. The spinning motion of the vortex eliminates any
sharp rebound because the air rotates outward from the point
of contact along the surface. The inclined-nozzle groups are
engineered to produce overlapping vortices. This results in a
more uniform surface temperature. Temperature uniformity
achieved at the end of soak is typically +/-5F.
The third part is the heat source. Whether using electric
resistance elements or fuel-fired burners in radiant tubes, the
heat source is placed directly within the flow ducts to maximize
heat transfer to the circulating air. As the air is delivered
from the fan, it passes over the heat source, is directed out the
plenum, impinges on the coil sides and returns vertically to the
fan for the next pass. Heating times for a 30-ton coil average 8
hours and 20 minutes.

NONFERROUS
HEAT TREATING
Fig. 1. Vortex arrangement
Fig. 2. Semi-axial fan
Fig. 3. Process ducts and plenum
Cooling
Process-Control Simulation
It is quite common for aluminum-coil annealing furnaces

to include a means for cooling the coils under protective
atmosphere at the end of soak. Cooling under protective
atmosphere reduces the chances of coil staining and prevents
oxidation on the outside wraps. Cooling also facilitates further
handling by reducing risk to personnel of elevated metal
temperatures. Typically, the loads will be cooled until the control
thermocouples are at 350F or lower. At that point, the cycle is
complete and the load can be discharged from the furnace.
For aluminum coil and foil annealing furnaces, a bypass
cooler is used. It consists of a shell fabricated of structural and
plate steel and a set of low-temperature cooling coils. A set of
filters are located above the air-to-water heat exchangers to
prevent dirt from clogging the aluminum fins on the coils. A
blower near the bottom of the cooler pulls the hot atmosphere
from the furnace and pushes the cooled atmosphere into the
furnace.
In operation, the cooler controls inlet and outlet dampers
through a mechanical linkage to achieve the required cooling
rate set by the temperature-control system. As the controls
call for cooling, the inlet damper begins to open, allowing the
cooling fan to draw hot atmosphere from the furnace. At the
same time, the outlet damper from the cooler opens and allows
cooled atmosphere to pass from the cooler back into the furnace
to the cooler distribution duct. The hot air that is drawn in
from the furnace is mixed with atmosphere coming through
the bypass of the cooler and is cooled sufficiently so that the
approximate temperature of the gas is 350F prior to passing
through the filter and over the coils of the cooler.
The bypass cooler alone provides highly controllable cooling
rates, but it becomes a very efficient method for cooling when
combined with the high speed produced by the jet nozzles. The
concept is the reverse of the heating method. The impingement
of cooled gas on the coil edges transfers more heat from the coil
at a faster-than-typical rate. Combined with the faster heating
cycle, this faster cooling rate helps reduce the overall cycle time
by 25-30%.
The challenge in coil annealing is to optimize the process in order

to shorten the cycle time to the greatest extent possible while
maintaining the desired metallurgical properties of the entire
load. A coil annealing process-control system has also been developed that employs an online simulator for the heating process.
From a metallurgical viewpoint, the important process
parameters are the final batch temperature and the soaking
time. These parameters strictly define the process of
recrystallization annealing and must be strictly met. From an
economic viewpoint, the most important parameter is the total
process time, which directly affects the energy consumption.
The task of the SeCoil automatic regulation and control
system is to maintain an adequate air-to-work (head)
temperature for the longest possible time to minimize heating
time. After reaching the load-temperature setpoint, the head
temperature is reduced to avoid any overshoot of the load
setpoint. A shorter process time can be achieved without the risk
of overheating the load.
The control system and online simulator accomplishes this
through the following steps. First, an annealing process recipe
is entered into the software, which defines basic parameters
such as temperature, heating ramp and soak time. Next, coil
parameters such as the outer and the inner diameter of the coil,
the width of the coil, and the thickness of the aluminum sheet
are defined. The prepared recipe is uploaded to the controller,
and the option for the process to be controlled by the program
is selected. At this point, the data is automatically copied to the
program. The program can then simulate the temperature curve
of the batch at user-defined points and compare it with data read
in real time. The collected data can ultimately be used to finetune the recipe and optimize the process.
32
Conclusion
The Vortex coil annealing system, combined with the bypass
cooler and the SeCoil control and simulation software, offers
coil producers the ability to significantly reduce the overall cycle
time of the furnace, which results in energy savings, increased
700
700
600
600
500
500
400
Gas
Hot points - left
Surface points - left
Head points - left
Head points - right
Surface points - right
Head points - right
Cold points
300
200
100
0
200
400
600
Time, minutes
800
Temperature, C
Temperature, C
400
300
Gas (measurements) right

Gas (measurements) left
Gas (approximation)
Measurements (head points) left
Computations (head points) left
Measurements (head points) right
Computations (head points) right
200
100
1000
0
0
200
400
600
Time, minutes
800
1000
Fig. 4. Cycle simulation
productivity and improved surface quality.

Reduction of cycle times in the 25-30% range has been achieved for a wide
range of coil widths and diameters. The wiping action of the jet nozzles on
the edge wraps of the coil significantly reduces the formation of hot spots and
staining. The reduction of cycle time results in less utility consumption per
cycle and higher productivity with the ability to run more cycles per year.
For more information: Contact Keith Boeckenhauer,

VP Aluminum Products, SECO WARWICK Corp.,
180 Mercer St., Meadville, PA 16335; tel: 814332-8400; fax: 814-724-1407; e-mail: keith.
boeckenhauer@secowarwick.com; web: www.
secowarwick.com
Repair and Recondition Services

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For further information, please contact our Customer Service Department
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E-mail: sales@jacksontransformer.com
Web Address: www.jacksontranformer.com
33

INDUCTION
HEAT TREATING
The Great
Scanner Debate:
Move the Part
or the Coil?
Mike Rugg
Interpower Induction; Almont, Mich.
Induction scanning machines for vertical part orientation
come in a wide variety of length ranges and weight
capacities. Generally speaking, induction scanning
machines either move the part or move the induction
coil. This applies to horizontal as well as vertical scanning
operations. There are certainly pros and cons to each
method. This article addresses some of the major
differences.
nduction scanners process many different parts in many

different ways. The ability to scan the part may not even
be required during the process. In some cases the scanning
allows the part to be loaded and then moved into position,
where it is heated with rotation but no scanning in a singleshot application.
In some cases the part indexes from one feature to another,
such as a camshaft with a variety of heated locations on a single
part. In other parts, such as an axle shaft, the flange area requires
additional heating time in a static mode, and then the scanning
operation begins to case harden the material for the strength and
wear characteristics required by the manufacturer. The variety
of parts can range from a small 1-inch-long pin weighing a few
grams to an 8-foot-tall mill roll weighing over 1,000 pounds.
When a prospective user is evaluating the different scanners on
the market, they need to know a number of process variables to
help the equipment builder better understand what the full range
of use will be on the system. This includes future requirements, as
in the case of a commercial heat treater that may see virtually any
possible application. The idea is to make the machine as versatile
as possible without spending additional money on features that
may never be used or that overly complicate it with extensive
setup work to change production jobs.
While an equipment manufacturer can make a machine that
will offer 1- to 100-inch part length and 0.01- to 1.00-inch case
depth, this machine would be so expensive it would probably
34
Fig. 1. Scanner part-moving design
never be built. Once the user narrows down the scope of the
project, the next step is to determine how the machine will be
operated.
Will the machine have operators or be automatically
operated with a pick-and-place mechanism (robot)? Will the
machine be capable of making the production rate with a single
spindle, or will multiple spindles need to be provided? The
equipment builder will look at the production rate and make the
determination on how to approach the entire scope and how to
offer the machine that will perform to the process requirements.
There is one additional item that the end user may not
understand is available, and that is the method that the process
is done. That leads us to the discussion of moving the part or
moving the induction coil. First, lets look at how they are built.
Vertical Scanner Construction Moving the Part

When moving the part, the induction scanner consists of several
major components. The tower is a bench-made assembly, which
incorporates the guide shafts, ball-screw assembly, upper and
lower tooling, and mounting bracket to tie it into the machine.
The tower is either mounted on a pedestal in the quench tank or
hung from the wall of the tank. The tooling cantilevers over the
tank, while the tower sits off to the side.
The part-rotation motors are part of the assembly as well as
the motor and gearbox arrangement to drive the ball screw. The
upper and lower tooling include the part nests/centers and are
fairly self-contained. Depending on features, air-operated upper
centers, monitoring devices or other mechanisms may be installed.
Counterweights are used on higher-capacity machines to offset
the weight of the part and tooling. The remaining components
consist of the quench basin and circulation/filtration system, the
induction power supply and load-matching components, an access
door, the induction coil and the workpiece to be heated.
The scanner operates by loading a part (t ypically between
centers), closing the door and initiating the start-cycle
Nashville, Tennessee
The Heat Treating Industrys Premier Trade Show

www.FurnacesNorthAmerica.com

INDUCTION
HEAT TREATING
Fig. 3. Moving-the-coil design
moving parts.
It needs more time to set up. Since the lower tooling can
be adjusted, each part setup requires calibrating the new
datum point.
Fig. 2. Scanner showing some wear and tear from constant quench spray
command. The tower then locates into position with the

induction coil, begins the part rotation and the heating and
quenching cycle as required to perform the required application.
Upon completion of the heating and quenching operations,
a temper cycle may be run, or the part will return to the home
positon for unloading and loading of a new part.
Advantages
It is less expensive to build with standard lower-cost
components.
It is good for smaller parts, lightweight parts or part families.
It has a familiar design what one typically thinks of when
hearing the term induction scanner.
It has an adjustable load height. It can be set up for different
operators, but the machine must be reprogrammed.
Ease of automation for robotics or other means. Auto doors,
load-assist vee guides and air-operated centers allow robotic
loading and unloading.
Disadvantages
The part weight range is narrow and too light; the scanner
is over-counterweighted and too heavy. There is more wear
and tear on components.
The length range is narrow, and upper and lower tooling
cut into heating space.
It is less precise the cantilevered design and up-and-down
torqueing motion can wander over time.
Tooling is exposed and subject to intense quenching action,
scale and oils from parts. This leads to more maintenance
and less service life. Polymer quenchants gummy coat the
36
Vertical Scanner Construction Moving the Coil

When moving the induction coil, the construction of the
scanner is different since the part locator is stationary. This
lower tooling is built into the machine base and sealed in a
water-tight chamber. The moving portion is built against a rigid
weldment outside of the quench tank. There are linear bearings
attached to the carriage that mounts the remote heat station
(matching transformer) and induction coil.
The carriage that the heat station sits on also has additional
linear guide bearings for X-Y adjustment. This carriage is
counterweighted and also raised and lowered by a ball screw and
gearbox arrangement. This carriage assembly is shrouded from
the quench tank by a rubber bellows, which prevents quench
spray from leaving the quench tank.
The induction coil and the mounting face of the heat station
are all that is exposed to the quench tank on the back side of the
machine. Like the original scanner, the remaining components
consist of the quench basin and circulation/filtration system,
the induction power supply and load-matching components, an
access door, the induction coil and the workpiece to be heated.
The scanner operates by loading a part (typically between
centers), closing the door and initiating the start-cycle
command. The carriage then locates into position with the
induction coil, begins the part rotation and the heating and
quenching cycle as required to perform the required application.
Advantages
The dedicated load height can be much lower to accommodate longer parts. Setup is easy because datum never changes.
Longer parts can be easily accommodated.
The part weight range is wider. Since there is very little
Fig. 4. Close-up of the moving carriage
variation in induction coil weight, the weight of the part has

little effect on the moving carriage. Heavier parts are no
problem with the robust non-moving lower tooling.
The scanner maintains precision with linear bearing track
to follow with precision ball-screw drive.
There is minimal exposure to quench spray. Since the
rotation motors are sealed in a chamber and the lifting/
lowering mechanism is external to the tank, there is very
little exposed to the quench water. Stainless steel tank and
stainless lower tooling results in longer life for the equipment.
It is easy to automate. Auto doors, load-assist vee guides and
air-operated centers allow robotic loading and unloading.
Disadvantages
It is more expensive to build more precision components
add to the initial cost of the equipment.
The bottom tooling is fixed, and the user would have to add
a platform to change operator loading preferences.
The equipment has a slightly larger footprint.
Summary
While both moving the part and moving the induction coil can
offer the solution to the process requirements, the advantages
as far as the life of the equipment, ease of setup and part range
capabilities makes the moving-the-coil method very attractive to
a lot of users. I hope you find some of the points in this article
useful when considering your next induction scanner.
Fig. 5. Overview of entire machine

tel: 810-798-9201 X 104; e-mail: mrugg@interpowerinduction.com;
web: www.interpowerinduction.com
compactpower
This is not your typical Lab vacuum furnace.

The Mentor is loaded
with standard production
furnace features and
rugged enough to perform
without compromise.
Graphite insulated hot zone

Max temperature of 3000F 10F
Skid mounted for easy shipment and
maneuverability
To learn more about our vacuum furnaces,

call 267-384-5040 or visit solarmfg.com/mentor
PROUDLY MADE IN THE USA
For more information: Contact Mike Rugg, product line manager,

Interpower Induction, 3578 Van Dyke, Almont, MI 48003;
THE BRIGHTEST SOLUTIONS THROUGH INGENUITY

37

NONFERROUS MELTING/
FORMING/JOINING
Ultra-Low-NOx Burner Retrofits

for Aluminum Furnaces
Dave Schalles and Matt Valancius
Bloom Engineering Company, Inc.; Pittsburgh, Pa.
Upgrading burners is often an effective way to achieve process improvements such
as increasing productivity, decreasing fuel use and/or minimizing NOx and CO2
formation. One of the most economical ways to perform an upgrade is by retrofitting
an existing burner with new technology. Often, the modifications to the burner
are comparatively minor and sometimes simply require changes to the internal
components without the need for external flue-gas recirculation (FGR) or selective
catalytic reduction (SCR).
of the upgrade as well), thus necessitating an evaluation of the

whole combustion system.
Figure 1 illustrates a typical conversion from a cold-air to a
hot-air ultra-low-NOx burner. Some modifications to the burner
are required. Please reference Figure 1 and corresponding
numbers for the following descriptions.
1. R ef ractory lining for the burner is required if the new air
temperature exceeds the design temperature of the existing
burner.
2. T he gas nozzle may need to be replaced for a few reasons.
First, it would require replacement if the new ultra-lowNOx fuel nozzle requires higher pressure or a different
spray angle/type. Second, the fuel-nozzle length may need
to be modified to accommodate changes to the air nozzle.
The materials of construction of the fuel nozzle must also
be evaluated for a higher combustion-air temperature.
3. T he air nozzle/baffle would need to be replaced in ALL
urner retrofits on aluminum melting furnaces can

provide better efficiency and improved melt rates.
The other major driver for burner upgrades (and thus
retrofits) is the increasing importance of NOx and CO2
reduction. As regulations become more stringent, the aluminum
industry will continue to require improved technology.
Conventional Retrofits
The most common way to upgrade a cold-air burner is to do a
conversion to hot air (usually with an accompanying reduction
in NOx due to technology improvements). It is, of course,
necessary to evaluate the entire combustion system (for f low,
pressure, temperature, etc.) when making any kind of changes to
the burners.
Cold-Air to Hot-Air Ultra-Low NOx
Design
The primary benefit achievable from a cold-air to
hot-air conversion is a reduction in fuel use by the
increase in combustion eff iciency. These kinds of
conversions could require significant modifications
to the burners (although modifications could also
be very minor). Recent developments in retrofitting
technology have generally minimized the amount
of work required to modify the burners.
Because combustion efficiency increases with
combustion-air preheat temperatures, the fuel
input required for the same process requirements
decreases (unless productivity increases are part
38
Air
Furnace wall
Port
Air nozzle/
baffle
Fuel
5
3
4
2
1
Cold air burner
Hot air ultra low NOx burner
Fig. 1. Sample cold-air to hot-air ultra-low-NOx conversion
Table 1. Expected NOx and CO2 of cold-air and hot-air

ultra-low NOx burners
Available heat
Air preheat
Cold air
Hot-air ultralow NOx
20
20
MMBtu/hour
Table 2. Expected NOx and CO2 of cold-air, hot-air and

regenerative ultra-low-NOx burners
Available heat
Hot air
Regenerative
ultra-low NOx
20
20
20
MMBtu/hour
100
800
100
800
regenerative
Thermal efficiency
37.40%
51.10%
HHV
Thermal efficiency
37.40%
51.10%
72.60%
HHV
Installed capacity
53
39
MMBtu/hour
Installed capacity
53
39
28
MMBtu/hour
0.138
0.044
pound/MMBtu
0.138
0.337
0.054
pound/MMBtu
7.4
1.7
pound/hour
7.4
13.2
1.5
pound/hour
Expected NOx average

Expected NOx rate
Expected CO2 average
118
118
pound/MMBtu
Expected CO2 rate
6,310
4,618
pound/hour
Annual hours
8760
8760
hours
Expected NOx PTE
32.3
7.5
tons/year
Expected CO2 PTE
27,639
20,229
tons/year
Assumptions: 2200F POC temperature, natural gas fuel, 10% excess air
4.
5.
6.
7.
Air preheat
Cold air
Expected NOx average

Expected NOx rate
Expected CO2 average
118
118
118
pound/MMBtu
Expected CO2 rate
6,310
4,618
3,251
pound/hour
Annual hours
8760
8760
8760
hours
Expected NOx PTE
32.3
57.8
6.5
tons/year
Expected CO2 PTE
27,639
20,229
14,238
tons/year
Assumptions: 2200F POC temperature, natural gas fuel, 10% excess air
types of ultra-low-NOx conversions. Air/gas staging and

air-nozzle design are critical to minimizing peak flame
temperatures and NOx emissions.
The gas connection may also need to be relocated at the
rear of the burner. Nonsymmetrical combustion and gas
staging are two reasons why the connection location may
need to be modified, thus requiring a new end plate.
In some cases, the port diameter and port angle may
require modification. Port density (Btu/in 2 [of the port
area]), the maximum amount of heat load/capacity in a
given burner size and port diameter, of the design may be
the limiting factor in a potential conversion.
Changes to the port may necessitate expansion of the
opening in the furnace wall. Such modifications are more
often required when air staging occurs in the port block
itself generally in smaller-capacity burners.
In some cases, a completely new burner body may also be
required depending on the requirements of the internal
burner design and existing burner configuration.
utilized to meet the strict requirements.

R equirements:
One aluminum melter, one holder and two homogenizers
Ultra-low-NOx requirement in California
C hallenges:
Ultra-low NOx required at all operating points
Emissions guarantee mandated the use of incremental
primary air control as furnace temperature increased
D esign:
Ultra-low-NOx hot-air burners with internal flapper
valve for melter
Small-capacity ultra-low-NOx burners for homogenizer
and holder
Field tuned to maximize flame signal and NOx
reductions at all operating points
R esults:
Technology delivered BACT (best available control
Performance
Table 1 summarizes the expected emissions for both a cold-air
burner and hot-air ultra-low-NOx burner with an expected
reduction in emissions shown in both pound/MMBtu and
pound/hour basis. Because the required installed capacity for
a hot-air system is less than a cold-air system (for the same
available-heat requirement), there is a more significant benefit
on a pound/hour basis.
Case Study
The following case study in the aluminum industry required the
conversion of cold-air burners to ultra-low-NOx burners in three
unique applications. The best-available burner technology was
Fig. 2. Dual-head regenerative burner system

39

NONFERROUS MELTING/
FORMING/JOINING
Burner A
Burner B
Fig. 3. Dual-head regenerative system burner A firing (left), burner B firing (right)
technology) NOx and exceeded customer expectations in

all cases
Public permit limit NOx not to exceed 37 ppmvd@3%
O2 (RECLAIM concentration limit) in California
SCAQMD agency. The low-NOx burner is considered
achieved in practice.
Regenerative Retrofits
The most significant production and fuel savings benefits can
be gained through converting existing direct-fired burners
to regenerative burners. With developments in regenerative
technology, in many cases NOx emissions can also be reduced
despite the increase in the combustion-air temperature.
Conventional to Regenerative Ultra-Low NOx
When compared to a cold-air system, a regenerative
system reduces air and gas line/equipment sizes while
requiring the addition of a complete exhaust system. Fluesystem restrictions often limit burner capacity increases.
Regenerative systems can often provide an efficient solution
to this problem. If a cold-air system is being considered for
retrofit to regenerative, approximately 90% of the air and
gas equipment may be reuseable provided it is in acceptable
condition. Additional cycle valves are required for air, gas
and exhaust. Cooling-air equipment, start-up air equipment
and exhaust equipment (including an exhaust blower) are also
required.
Design
Modifying a furnace from a conventional system to a
regenerative system provides significant thermal and/or
production enhancements. Because of extremely high air preheat
temperatures and regenerative devices that are required for each
40
burner, existing direct-fired burners cannot be reused. Space

constraints must also be analyzed to accommodate the addition
of a regenerative media box. Options such as roof-mounted
media cases and dual-head regenerative burners are sometimes
needed for successful installations (Fig. 2).
Performance
Despite a significant increase in air preheat temperature and
thermal efficiency, expected NOx emissions on a pound/
MMBtu and pound/hour basis can be improved (Table 2).
Case Study
Sidewell-charged continuous-type aluminum melters represent
an excellent application of regenerative burners in the aluminum
industry. Ultra-low-NOx regenerative burners can be justified
for all new sidewell-charged aluminum melters. Retrofits will be
economically justified in nearly all cases on these furnaces due
to the dramatic efficiency advantage for regenerative systems on
continuous high-temperature processes.
The following case study on a sidewell melting furnace
demonstrates the capability to retrofit regenerative burners on
a furnace designed originally for cold combustion-air operation
with inherent space limitations.
Requirements:
Sidewell melting furnace
Increase melt rate and fuel savings
Challenges:
Long and narrow bath area
Existing flue location made it impossible for burner heads
to straddle the flue
Space limitations
Design:
Dual-head burner design
Results:
Customer expectations met
Predicted production increase of 5,612 tons/year,
$400,000/year fuel savings and 1.1 tons/year NOx
reduction
Busted!
This companys
QA program
AND reputation
The solution was to provide dual-head regenerative

burners (one regenerative media box plus two burner heads).
This provided superior bath coverage and short flame length
compared to a standard burner with identical input (Fig. 3).
Like Humpty Dumpty, it is hard to put the pieces back together once a
real world product quality disaster strikes. The ultimate cost of a recall
will be far, far greater than any savings from cutting corners or not
investing in a quality assurance program in the first place. With our
broad spectrum of physical testing machines, software, and technical
support, Tinius Olsen can help you assure quality from material to end
product. To international standards and your toughest specifications.
Reputations (yours and ours) depend on it.
Conclusion
Retrofitting existing combustion equipment can be a very
cost-effective way to enhance production, save fuel and
reduce emissions. Advancements in burner and retrofitting
technology have paved the way for improvement projects
in a variety of applications and existing furnace/burner
configurations.
For more information: Contact Matt Valancius, Manager
Marketing & Strategy, Bloom Engineering Company, Inc., 5460
Horning Rd., Pittsburgh, PA 15236; tel: 412-693-4202; e-mail:
mvalancius@bloomeng.com; web: www.bloomeng.com/USA
The first name in materials testing.
www.TiniusOlsen.com
STEELS PREMIER TECHNOLOGY EVENT
1619 May
David L. Lawrence Convention Center
Pittsburgh, Pa., USA
The Iron & Steel Technology Conference and Exposition
Register now at AISTech.org

41
COVER
COVERFEATURE
FEATURE
CERAMICS
CERAMICS&&REFRACTORIES/
REFRACTORIES/
INSULATION
INSULATION
Vacuum Furnace Hot-Zone

Upgrade and Improvement
Jez Higham Schunk Carbon Technology; Heuchelheim, GERMANY
Vacuum furnace users encounter unique maintenance issues. Hot-zone longevity has
been an issue that can be improved by using carbon composite (CC) products. CC plate
is used for hot-face protection and CC profiles for edge protection. A complete CC hot
zone has been developed that provides an extremely hard-wearing surface designed to
withstand gas erosion and accidental operator damage.
ne of the biggest pitfalls in existing hot-zone design is

the use of molybdenum and its inherent problems with
high-temperature embrittlement and fragility when
conducting repairs or replacement. Molybdenum has
been used for many years in insulation-board fixings, elementsupport assemblies, elements, heat shields and edge protection.
Replacing molybdenum products with CC products wherever
possible reduces hot-zone maintenance and repair.
The plug-and-play option is invaluable where furnace
downtime is a major issue. A reline to an existing outer cage
could see the furnace out of production for up to three weeks,
but a plug-and-play hot zone can shorten this time to only two
to three days.
CC Tee-Bolt Board Fixings

Molybdenum insulation-board fixings with molybdenum
butterf ly clips have been the standard within the hightemperature furnace industry. Users experience butterf ly
clips and the actual board fixing breaking, which leaves an
extremely hard and brittle stud in the fixing nut and makes
replacement difficult. This often results in the hot zone being
removed from the furnace vessel to access the outside of the
hot-zone cage.
Following extensive trials with respected customers, these
molybdenum fixings are now being replaced on all hot-zone
relines using M10 CC tee-bolt fixings. Should breakage occur
due to accidental damage or operator error, the CC fixings
are easily replaced from inside the hot zone within a matter of
minutes. Any CC stud left inside the fixing nut is very simply
tapped out and a new fixing inserted.
The CC board fixings are used with a CC washer to
prevent damage to the hot face when tightening (Fig. 2). This
42
Fig. 5. Expert reline service
approach has resulted in a major improvement in furnace

downtime and saved many maintenance hours in replacing
broken molybdenum fixings. It is recommended that checking
the tightness of the fixings is included in the operators daily,
weekly and monthly maintenance tasks.
CC Element-Support Fixings
Building on the success in replacing molybdenum insulationboard fixings with CC, the same approach has been adopted
for element-support fixings, with all molybdenum fixings
replaced with CC. The fixings are available in sizes from M10,
M16 and M20. When looking at improved element-support
design, the existing OEM design is examined for obvious
weakness or maintenance issues, and a simplified redesigned
system is offered wherever possible. By using a mixture of
standard ceramic parts and CC fixings, an easily replaced lowmaintenance element-support system can usually be offered.
Fig. 1. Complete relined hot zone
Fig. 2. Tee bolt
Existing molybdenum eyebolt element-support hangers as

used by many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are
now replaced with CC eyebolt fixings. These element-support
assemblies have the obvious advantage of ease of replacement
from inside the furnace hot zone.
CC Double-L Profile
Many OEMs use a raised face on the hot-zone door assembly
to provide better insulation properties and prevent line-of-sight
radiation to the outside of the hot zone. This raised face also
provides a sealing edge for the door to seal onto the leading
edge of the hot zone. The edges of this raised face have for
many years suffered from damage due to gas erosion and
thermocouple positioning damage. The sacrificial skin fitted to
the door insulation has also suffered from coming loose due to
vibration during furnace quench.
The development of a patent-approved CC double-L
profile to picture-frame the door insulation has created a
unique system that will protect all edges of insulation from gas
erosion. The sacrificial skin on the hot-zone door is completely
captivated, and all fixings are kept inside the sealing edges.
The double-L profile provides complete door-edge
protection against accidental operator damage (Fig. 3) and also
a hard-wearing sealing face between the door and the hot-zone
leading edge. This double-L profile can be used for both CC
plate and graphite-foil sacrificial skin and is available to suit
both 20- and 40-mm raised faces.
CC Gas Grids
Machined-graphite gas grids have been used for many years
within the heat-treat industry, and they are usually very
heavy, quite fragile and susceptible to damage by falling parts.
Replacement gas grids are typically a long lead-time item
due to the size of the plate required prior to manufacture and
extensive machining required. Graphite gas grids are usually
quite bulky and are usually fitted in the roof, base and sides of
the hot zone. This large bulk of graphite has to be heated up
Fig. 3. Double-L profile
along with the furnace load every time the furnace is operated
and obviously has extra power-usage implications.
Standard CC gas grids are lighter, stronger and easier to
handle and install. When coupled with CC profiles protecting
the aperture, an extremely long-lasting system, which is less
susceptible to gas erosion, is obtained.
CC grids can be offered on much shorter lead time, and
replacing graphite gas grids with CC gas grids has had no
effect on furnace temperature surveys or cooling parameters.
CC Sacrificial Skin
Graphite perforated-foil sacrificial skin is used throughout the
industry to protect the hot face of the insulation board from gas
erosion and accidental damage. Because the product is heavy
and difficult to handle, it is labor-intensive to fit.
If the foil face is damaged or torn, gas pressure can get
behind the foil, damaging the protective barrier very quickly.
Extensive damage to the insulation board from gas erosion
can occur once the sacrificial skin/barrier has been broken.
Once the integrity of the insulation board is compromised,
temperature-survey problems can occur as well as damage to
the hot-zone outer cage.
Extensive use of CC plate (usually 1.5 mm thick) as a
sacrificial skin/barrier has reduced hot-zone reline time.
A very hard-wearing face that offers protection from gas
erosion and accidental damage is achieved, and the use of
CC strips covering the joints of the sacrificial skin offers a
major improvement in hot-zone longevity. With CC plate
sizes available in sheets of 3,000 mm x 2,000 mm, most sides
of the hot zone can be covered in one sheet to prevent any
unnecessary joints.
Should the hot face get coated by chrome buildup, it can be
lightly scraped off and vacuumed out. Buildup of chrome can
result in arcing and shorting between elements and fixings.
CC plate sacrificial skin coupled with CC profile edge
protection can add many years to the lifespan of the hot zone
and keep hot-zone maintenance to a minimum.
43
Radiant
Tubes
Cast or Fabricated
COVER FEATURE
CERAMICS & REFRACTORIES/
INSULATION
All Stainless & High Nickel Alloys

All Styles Including Straight Tubes, S, O, W, U,
and Specialty Tubes with or without Flanges,
Insulation, Bellows and Collars
Other Furnace Parts:
Corrugated Boxes Muffles Retorts Fans

Serpentine Trays Diffusers Recuperators
Baskets All Alloy Fabrications
34250 Mills Road, Avon, OH. 44011

Phone: 440-327-5000 Fax: 440-327-5599
Web: www.Qual-Fab.net E-mail: sales@Qual-Fab.net
Fig. 4. Thermocouple feedthrough plug
CC L and U Profiles
CC profiles are used extensively to protect all apertures of the
hot zone including bung and gas-grid apertures and also doorfront leading edges. The combination of L and U profiles can
be used to replace most molybdenum edge-shield protection.
The use of profiles greatly reduces damage by gas erosion and
accidental damage and provides a hard-wearing sealing face.
Any round apertures (bung or bulls-eye) in the hot zone are
converted to flat-sided to enable the use of U or L profiles to
hold sacrificial skin in place and prevent gas erosion. Also, any
round doors are converted to flat-sided so CC edge profiles can
be used. This approach helps to protect the edge of the door
from accidental damage or gas erosion and gives a hard-wearing
sealing face.
With L and U profiles being readily available in longer
lengths, aperture edge protection is made simpler by the
use of one-piece edges. With increased widths available to
accommodate sacrificial skins, all-round protection can be added
to any leading edge or application.
The use of CC profiles for edge protection coupled with CC
sacrificial skin has increased hot-zone life considerably.
Thermocouple Feedthrough
All survey and load thermocouple ports are protected by
removable plugs manufactured from CC or graphite products to
prevent damage to the insulation by the constant inserting and
removing of the load and survey thermocouples.
The overtemp and control thermocouple ports are always
protected by graphite bushings. Once the plug becomes
damaged, they can be readily replaced to prevent ongoing
damage to the insulation. Therefore, f ront-edge protection of
the base and sealing face has to be renewed, not the complete
insulation (Fig. 4).
Another option is to have availability of plugs designed for
different applications. For example, one would be used for the
standard temperature monitoring during normal production and
another with more feedthrough possibilities for monthly generalfunctionality checking.
44
Graphite Paint
All edges of insulation board (even edges
protected by prof iles) are painted and
cured with graphite paint to prevent damage and wear by gas erosion. The curing
of the paint has proven to reduce pumpdown times on bake-out due to outgassing.
All joints in barrel-stave-construction
hot zones are also painted and cured.
(Fig. 5) in addition to personal protective equipment.

For more information: Contact Jez Higham, Schunk Carbon Technology; e-mail:
jez.higham@schunk-group.com; web: www.schunk-group.com. For U.S. inquiries, contact
Bill Warwick at bill.warwick@schunkgraphite.com; web: www.schunkgraphite.com.
Fabricated Outer Cages

With most companies trying to keep
furnace downtime to an absolute
minimum, a complete, all-new, fully
insulated hot-zone outer cage can be
supplied. This allows the existing
hot zone to be removed and the new
one installed within a few days. This
approach sees the furnace downtime
reduced from two to three weeks for an
outer-cage reline to two to three days to
install and bake out the new one.
One of the main advantages to
manufacturing a new outer cage is
that the existing one can be repaired
and even relined and stored as a spare
should anything happen to the installed
hot zone. This approach is useful for
customers with only one or two furnaces
that cannot afford to lose a furnace for up
to three weeks for reline.
Graphite Heater and

Hearth Sets
All relines are offered with complete
top-quality graphite heater and hearth
set assemblies. Arrangement drawings of
the heater and hearth sets are supplied
with the hot-zone documentation listing
individual spare-part numbers for ease
of replacement. Complete traceability of
all materials fitted within the hot zone
is available.
INDUCTION HEATING
SOLUTIONS:
ITALIAN CUTTING-EDGE DESIGN,
HIGHEST PERFORMANCE, WORLDWIDE PRESENCE.
Safety and Health

When disassembling a worn-out
hot zone, dust from the dissolving
insulation contains deposits from every
heat-treated material. For a skilled
disposal and to secure the health of
every person involved, a converted spray
booth that extracts the particles is used
www.saetemmedi.com
45
Thermal
Processing
Products
Infrared Thermometer
Protective Gas Chamber Furnace
Process Sensors Corp.
Linn High Therm GmbH
With a very short measuring wavelength of 525 nm, PSC-SSSLaser-05M minimizes measuring errors due to emissivity uncertainty
and atmospheric changes. The sensor offers a temperature range of
1832-3632F (1000-2000C), and its dual lasers precisely pinpoint
targets at any distance. The infrared thermometer is ideal for
monitoring high-temperature induction heat-treating and forging
applications. Programmable
functional inputs for external
emissivity adjustment,
ambient temperature
compensation and trigger
reset of hold functions are
provided.
www.processsensorsIR.com
The protective gas chamber furnace includes a gas-tight muffle

for heat-treatment processes under protective gas atmosphere up
to 1050C (1922F). It can be used for soldering and annealing
processes; scale-free treatment of sensitive steel; debinding and
sintering processes; and
oxidation or reduction
applications under
controlled atmosphere.
The furnace includes
three-zone control,
fast cooling, flame
supervision and gas
ventilation. It is also
supplied with a safety
package. www.linn.de
Hardness Testing System

LECO Corp.
AMH55 allows users to maximize their productivity and easily
measure impressions on various surface conditions with accurate
micro-/macro-indentation hardness testing available in fully
automatic, semi-automatic and lite configurations. Data and results
can be tailored to each users specific needs, making it a valuable
resource for any laboratory needing precise and productive hardness
testing. Features of the system include automated instrument
operation, which combines the tasks of sample testing, measuring,
converting and documenting into one automated instrument.
Advanced image recognition technology broadens the measuring
capabilities on various types of sample surfaces. www.leco.com
Cabinet Oven
Grieve
No. 805 is an electric inert-atmosphere batch cabinet oven that
can be used for annealing copper motor coil parts. The workspace
of this unit measures 36 inches wide x 96 inches deep x 36 inches
high. Incoloy-sheathed tubular elements heat the oven, while a
4,000-CFM, 3-HP recirculating blower provides universal airflow
to the workload.
The oven, which has
10-inch insulated
walls throughout,
also includes a
pressure regulator,
flow meter, pressure
gauge and internal
high-temperature
gasket.
www.grievecorp.com
46
Deep-Groove Ball Bearings

The Timken Company
Deep-groove ball bearings featuring super-finished raceways and
controlled internal geometries deliver run-quiet operation, with
best-in-class noise and vibration performance when tested against
similar products. The new 6000 series is used in a wide variety of
applications and conditions, meets ISO standards and dimensionally
interchanges easily with similar products. www.timken.com
Remote-Controlled Demolition Machine

Brokk
Brokk 400, a remote-controlled demolition machine, delivers
exceptional performance for a variety of process applications,
including cleaning and debricking furnaces, ladles, runners and
torpedo cars. Its relatively large undercarriage offers enhanced
stability, and its robust hydraulic system provides consistent fluid
flow while operating a hydraulic attachment. Additional heat
shielding can be installed onto the unit to further protect it from
high temperatures.The machine can handle attachments as heavy
as 1,420 pounds. www.brokk.com
LITERATURE & WEBSITE SHOWCASE

Furnaces
ZeroFlow Nitriding
Can-Eng Furnaces
Since 1964, Can-Eng has been designing
and manufacturing industrial heat-treating
equipment for commercial and captive heat
treaters, stamping and fastener companies,
automotive component producers, the iron
and steel industries, and aluminum foundries. Take a closer look at the systems we
have to offer.
www.can-eng.com
SECO/WARWICK Corp.
The ZeroFlow method is based upon
performing the nitriding process with the
use of a single-component atmosphere,
raw ammonia. The adjustment of nitriding
atmosphere chemical composition,
therefore the control of nitriding potential,
is performed by a temporary stop and
reactivation of the NH feeding into
the furnace.
www.secowarwick.com
Vacuum Furnace Selection Guide
Insulation
G-M Enterprises
Our eight-page, full-color brochure is for
all prospective vacuum furnace buyers.
This handout provides a checklist of
considerations when purchasing a new
vacuum furnace. Call 951-340-4646 for our
Guide to the Selection of Vacuum Furnaces.
Unifrax I LLC
Foamfrax insulation offers exceptional
energy savings, installation speed and lining
performance for upgrades of existing fiber
linings, lining over refractory, and furnace
lining patches or refits. It can be gunned
directly onto metal, refractory or fiber
surfaces and installed at rates in excess
of 1,000 board feet/hour.
www.unifrax.com
Literature & Website Showcase

If you would like to promote your companys latest product and/or technology, you can purchase a Literature Showcase.
We include the brochure cover or a website screenshot and accompanying text. Contact Advertising Director Kathy Pisano
at kathy@industrialheating.com or 412-306-4357 for more information.
Turbine Technical Conference & Exposition
Seoul, South Korea | June 13 - 17

A Conference Packed With Technical Education and Knowledge Exchange
asme.org/events/turbo-expo
47
Parts, Service &

Consulting
Aftermarket
PARTS SERVICE CONSULTING

Contact: Becky McClelland Phone: 412-306-4355 Fax: 248-502-1076 becky@industrialheating.com
2016 Rates: Just $145 per month for a single card, $290 for a double card. Well post your ad online for an additional $30.
YOUR GLOBAL SOURCE FOR QUALITY
HEAT TREAT FURNACE PARTS & SERVICE
Call: 248-624-8191
Fax: 248-668-9604
spareparts@afc-holcroft.com
OEM PARTS SERVICE REBUILDS UPGRADES
www.can-eng.com
CAN-ENG FURNACES
INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
Single or
NEW DOUBLE
Aftermarket
Cards
Big Impact
for a Small Price!
Starting at $145 per month for a black & white card
Parts / Service / Rebuilds / / Burners

Elements / Combustion Controls
Control Panels /
Waste Heat Recovery /
Electric to Gas Conversions
www. AjaxTocco.com
AFTERMARKET SERVICES
Field Service Installation
Vacuum Leak Testing/Repair
Preventative Maintenance
Used/Rebuilt Furnaces
Alan Fostier: afostier@centorr.com

Dan Demers: ddemers@centorr.com
CUSTOM HIGH-TEMPERATURE
VACUUM FURNACES
www.centorr.com
t: 905-356-1327 f: 905-356-1817
e:
55 Northeastern Blvd., Nashua, NH 03062
Ph: 603-595-7233 Fax: 603-595-9220
sales@centorr.com
Contact: Joe Saliba @2058 / Kim Iamarino @2037

Quality Used Heat Treating Equipment

Installation and Start-Up Services
Appraisal Services
Visit www.heattreatequip.com
for current inventory
John L. Becker, II Ph: 734-331-3939
Fax: 734-331-3915 Cell: 734-516-2814
Call for technical support:
1-844-Go-Ipsen
Toll Free: 1-844-464-7736
International: +1-815-332-2530
Service Parts
Hot Zones Upgrades/Retrofits
PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT
SERVICES TO INDUSTRY
THE HERRING GROUP, INC.
Home of The Heat Treat Doctor
Education/Training - Consulting Product/Process Analysis - Problem Solving Furnace Diagnostics
Ph: 630-834-3017; Fx: 630-834-3117
email: dherring@heat-treat-doctor.com
Web: www.heat-treat-doctor.com
Induction Heating
For more information
contact us at
800-558-7733
Used Heat Treating Furnaces and Ovens

Contact: Michael J. Kay
30925 Aurora Road Solon, OH 44139
www.pillar.com
48
Ph: 440-519-3800 Fax: 440-519-1455

Email: sales@whkay.com
Website: www.whkay.com
CLASSIFIED MARKETPLACE
2016 Print Rates: $145 per column inch for 1x frequency; $135 for 3x; $120 for 6x; $115 for 12x.
offers high-impact packages so you can

find the most qualified job candidates!
Print ad PLUS online posting: Add $49.00

Print ad, Online Ad PLUS IH Daily News Brief Eblast: Add $75.00.
ALL of the above PLUS a job listing in the Industrial Heatings group on
Web ONLY! Need Maximum Exposure Right Away?
Online Ad Posting, IH Daily Newsbrief Listing,
and
: Listing in the IH Group: $250.00.
Manufacturers Sales Representatives

Ipsen is looking for Manufacturers Sales Representatives or
Agencies to serve areas within Canada; Latin America (emphasis in
Mexico); and the Northwest and Southwest U.S.
Qualified candidates must reside within the sales region, be familiar
with thermal processing equipment and possess a minimum of five
years of experience in capital equipment sales. A combination of
education and experience will be considered.
To learn more about this position, visit
www.IpsenUSA.com/Careers. Send line card
and resume to Mark.Heninger@IpsenUSA.com
MIDWEST-LOCATED SENIOR SALES ENGINEER
This position open to highly qualied, experienced sales engineers familiar with the
furnace, heat treat, petro-chemical, utility, thermal sensing system applications. Would
be an excellent opportunity for a retired sales engineer or an independent sales rep
seeking to expand their lines, having 20 years or more experience in selling to these
markets temperature sensing solutions; a sales engineer desirous of remaining in the
Midwest but seeking substantial potential earnings increase, one familiar with working
with specialized reps and selling the entire solution. This is a full time position. Base
salary negotiable and incentives are substantial for performance. Additional benets
including: medical, 401k, vacation, etc. Company is headquartered in MA, ISO9001:2008
registered, quality and customer focused, lean and competitive, technically driven. Any
Midwest location is acceptable.
Reply In Confidence to: becky@industrialheating.com
INDUCTION COIL
REPAIRS
: Add $149.00
Contact Becky McClelland at:

412-306-4355 or becky@industrialheating.com
EMPLOYMENT WANTED
Licensed Professional Engineer with
BS Degree in Metallurgical Engineering seeks employment as an engineer
or Quality Assurance professional.
Experience in steel metal-casting, heat
treatment, metallurgical laboratory
testing, power generation, aerospace
and defense industries. I currently reside
in Pennsylvania, but will consider
relocation.
Please reply to
David Poulin at
drpoulin@verizon.net.
USED EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

Mowry Enterprises, Inc.
New Used Rebuilt Solutions
FOR SALE
IPSEN HR 50, 2 bar, 30 x 36 x 48,

End elements, all Moly, High vacuum, 3000F, Closed
loop water system
VFS HL 50 2 Bar: 30 x 36 x 50, graphite
hot zone, high vacuum, external quench, 2400F,
PLC/ touch screen controls
TM 18 x 18 x 30, high vacuum, moly hot
zone, stainless steel vessel, pressure quench
Heat Source 2 Bar, 1800C, 20 w x 10 h x
30 d, graphite, with debind, new PLC touch screen
controls
Abar HR 26 2 Bar: 2400F, 18 x 24 x 36
graphite hot zone, high vacuum, 2 bar pressure
quench
Elnik 18 18 18, MIM Sintering Debind
furnace
Ipsen 6 BAR, 36 x 36 x 48: graphite hot
zone, high vacuum, internal quench, 2400F, PLC/
touch screen controls
TM 12 x 12 x 20: graphite hot zone, high
vacuum, internal quench, 5 psig positive quench
866- 403-5744
www.LoneStarInduction.com
http://twitter.com/IndHeat or www.industrialheating.com/FB-UsedEquip
Abar 72 x 72 Bottom load, External

quench, High vacuum
www.mowryenterprises.com
email: grm@mowryenterprises.com
Phone: 978-808-8634 Fax: 508-845-4769
49
FOR SALE
EQUIPMENT FOR SALE
INTEGRAL QUENCH FURNACES FOR SALE

THE ECONOMY FOR 2016 SEEMS TO BE:
IMPROVING
NOT IMPROVING
SMALL INTEGRAL QUENCH FURNACES

LINDBERG
BABY PACEMAKER, 12W x 10H x 24L, 1,850F, 20 kW, Carbon Probe System, 2 Control Panels W/
Recorder, Oil Agitator and 6 Position Tap Switch Transformer.
FOR SALE
MEDIUM INTEGRAL QUENCH FURNACES

SURFACE COMBUSTION
VACUUM PUMPS
(3), 30W x 30H x 48L, 1,750 f, 1,000,000 BTUH, Trident Tubes, Endo/Natural Gas/Ammonia, Ssi
Atmosphere Controllers, Ss1 Gold Probes, Oil Filters And Sbs Coolers. System Comes Complete with a
Gas Fired Temper, Washer and Charge Car.
LARGE INTEGRAL QUENCH FURNACES

AFC - HOLCROFT
(2), 36W x 30H x 48L, 1,800F Max, Recuperated with Top Cool, Rear Handler, Oil Heaters (54kW),
Re-Circ. Fan, Control System.
SURFACE COMBUSTION
5000 lb. Payload Each, 36W x 36H x 72L, Recuperated Rear Handler And Controls.
KING SIZE INTEGRAL QUENCH FURNACES
SALES AND SERVICE
CASHVAC INC.
25 years experience
Guaranteed rebuilding
Warrantied service
OEM replacement parts
New and used pump sales
All makes and models
FREE ESTIMATES
AND DELIVERY
Factory Trained
Stokes Pumps/Blowers
TOLL FREE: 1-800-397-1600
Specializing in Stokes Vacuum Pumps
SURFACE COMBUSTION
Integral Quench furnace, 10,000 lb. payload, 87 W x 87 L x 36 H, 1,850F, 4,600,000 BTUH, 12,500
Gallons, 6 Agitators, Eclipse Burners, 3 Rear Handlers & Controls with PLC.
We have all the ancillary equipment available for the above such as,
Washers, Charge Cars and Endo Generators.
NEW INVENTORY
IMMACULATE EQUIPMENT
Ipsen
SECO/WARWICK
Vacuum Furnace, Model VFC-224R, 18 x 12 x 32

Chamber, 2 Chart Recorders, Stokes model 149-111 Vacuum
Pump c/w New Chamber Basket, Load Cart and Controls.
Electric Box Furnace, 48 W x 48 H

x 72 L, Max Temp 1250F, Powered
Rollers, Load/Unload Table and
Controls.
Johnston
Gas Fired Recuperative Car Bottom Furnace,
30W x 40L x 15H, 1,800F, 19,200,000 BTUH with 16 Hauck
Series SVG 135 burners (1,200,000 BTU each), 4 zones of
control, 8 re-circ. Fans, powered car, Krom Shroeder flame
safety management, doors at both ends, free standing control
panel with AB SLC 503 PLC and Honeywell controls.
SECO/WARWICK
HeatTek
Surface Combustion
Gas Fired Atmosphere Car Bottom Furnace, 8W x 6 6H x

17L, 65,000 lbs cap., 1,200F, 3,500,000 BTUH, 8 U-type
radiant tubes (437,500 BTUH each), 2 zones, 2 re-circ. Fans,
vertical lift door and controls.
For $30.00 We Will Post and Link Your

Ad Online at www.industrialheating.com
FOR SALE
High Temperature Electric Furnace, 24

W x 24H x 36 L, Max. Temp. 1,800F,
Powered Rollers, Load/Unload Table &
Controls.
Electric Batch/Oil Quench Furnace, 30
W x 30 H x 48L, Max. Temp. 1,950F,
System 1 Rear Handler, 3500 Gal.
Quench Tank, 2 Agitators & Controls
Note: We have over 500 pieces of equipment in stock. If your needs are not listed above,
please let us know and we will locate a furnace/oven to suit your needs.
Park Thermal International (1996) Corp.

62 Todd Road, Georgetown, ON L7G 4R7
257 Elmwood Avenue, Suite 300, Buffalo NY 14222-2249
Tel: (905) 877-5254 | Fax: (905) 877-6205
Toll Free: (877) 834-HEAT (4328)
2 Locations
Email: jmistry@parkthermal.com
to Better
Website: www.parkthermal.com
Serve You
50
Check out the latest Used Equipment Listings on Facebook and Twitter #IHUsedEquip
FOR SALE
SPARK IGNITER
EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

New Design
Used for the automatic ignition of

recuperative burner systems.
2 BAR PRESSURE QUENCH

Two (2) Vacuum Systems
36" x 36" x 72"
Graphite/Graphite
PLC/HMI
Multiple Zone Control Installed
*Diff
erent
Leng
ths A
vailab
le
Phone: (716) 867-4312

Summit@RoadRunner.Com
NEW DESIGN
Improved
Performance
Longer Life
Larger Gap
Floating Spark
Direct Replacement
Call for model/
pricing information
*We offer both designs
Summit
Products Inc.
Industrial Heating
Reprint Plaques ARE NOW AVAILABLE
Contact Becky McClelland at 412-306-4355 or becky@industrialheating.com
283 East Hellen Road Palatine, IL 60067

Tel: 847.202.0000 Fax: 847.202.0004
www.duffycompany.com
Industrial Heating Online at

www.industrialheating.com
Visit
www.industrialheating.com/
classified
to find out how the
INDUSTRIAL HEATING'S
CLASSIFIED
MARKETPLACE
can help you target
qualified job candidates!
UPDATED DAILY
EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

Furnaces: Surface Combustion, Despatch & HeatTek
Available As Is or Refurbished
V-1062 - Surface Combustion

IQ Super 36 Allcase
36 x 72 x 36
U-3543 Despatch
Quick Quench Furnace
48 W x 72 D x 48 H
V-1070 HeatTek Car Bottom

Furnace Atmosphere
8W x 17D x 66H
Fuel: Natural Gas

Max Fuel Demand: 3750 CFH
Heating: Trident tubes,
Eclipse burners
Max Temp: 1950F
Power: 480 V, 3-phase, 60
Hz, 110 KW
Working Dims: 36 wide x
72 deep x 36 high
Quench Tank: 5,000 gallon
capacity
Flow Meters: air, natural gas,
endo, nitrogen, ammonia
Controls: Casemate
Controller
Includes: System One
automatic internal handling
Manufacture: Despatch
Type: Quick Quench Furnace
(Drop Bottom)
Furnace Load Dims: 48
wide x 72 deep x 48 high
Quench Tank Dims: 6 wide x
13 deep x 7 high
Rinse Tank Dims: 6 wide x
8 deep x 7 high
Max Temp: 1200F
Power: 480 V, 3-phase, 60 Hz
Heated: Electric, 134 KW
(plug elements)
Load Capacity: 2500 lbs.
(load & work rack)
Controls:
One (1) Honeywell UDC700
temperature controller
One (1) Honeywell UDC2500
hi-limit controller
One (1) Honeywell DR6301
strip chart recorder
Manufacture: HeatTek
Type: Car Bottom Furnace
(atmosphere tight for exo)
Load Dims: 8 wide x 17
deep x 66 high
Car Load Rating: 65,000 lbs
Max Temp: 1650F
Power: 480 V, 3-phase, 60 Hz
Heated: Natural Gas (8 U
type radiant tube burners)
Rating: 437,500 BTU/hour
Gross Heat Input: 3,500,000
BTU/hr
General: 2 Zones, vertical &
horizontal baffles
Controls: Allen Bradley
SLC500 programmable
controller, (2) Honeywell
UDC 2000 excess
temperature controllers, (4)
Type K thermocouples,
Pre-wired instrument panel
Heat Treat Equipment 42056 Michigan Ave., Canton, MI 48188 John L. Becker, II
Ph: 734-331-3939 Fax: 734-331-3915 Email: sales@heattreatequip.com
51
SERVICES
FOR SALE
PHOENIX
INDUCTION CORPORATION
High Temperature
Adhesive & Sealant
FOR SALE
(2) Pit Tempering
Furnaces
-2
0
W. H
Cleveland, OH KAY CO M P NY
A
Ph: 440-519-3800
Email: sales@whkay.com
16
CELE
BR
A
Y
SAR
ER
Flynn & Dreffein

ID: 72" Diam. x 72" Deep
Atmosphere Capable Nitrogen
Electric 1300F
25 HP Recirculating Fans TING OUR 80TH ANNIV
Sand Sealed Lids
Digital Controls
19 3
Qualified Induction Specialists

with over 90 years of combined
experience, providing on site:
Troubleshooting down equipment
Quality preventative maintenance
Acid flushing, thermal imaging & analysis
Large inventory of OEM parts, as well as
other manufacturers, AJAX*, AIH*, Bone
Frontier*, IEH*, and Robotron*
24/7/365 days a year
emergency phone support
Moist Creamy Putty

Just Apply and Let Dry
Bonds Most Materials
Resists Chemicals,
Electricity, Molten Metals
and Abrasion
2300F
Call: 248-486-8760
sales@phoenixinduction.com
www.phoenixinduction.com
www.cotronics.com
sales@cotronics.com 718-788-5533
*Registered trademarks of their respective companies
EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

42056 Michigan Avenue. Canton, MI 48188
Phone: 734-331-3939 Fax: 734-331-3915
E-mail: john@heattreatequip.com
Batch / Box Furnaces
C0023 Wisconsin Oven Batch/Temper Furnace, 36"W x 48"D x 36"H,
1250F, gas-fired
C0048 Sunbeam Box Temper Furnace, 24"W x 36"L x 24"H, 1400F,
electric
C0052 Surface Combustion Draw Temper Furnace, 30"W x 48"L x 30"H,
1200F, gas-fired
U3624 Lindberg Nitrogen Temper Furnace, 24"W x 36"D x 18"H, 1350F,
electric
V1010 Dow Batch Furnace, 30W x 20H x 48L, 1250F, gas-fired
V1078 Surface Combustion Batch Temper Furnace, 30W x 48D x
24H, 1400F, gas-fired
V1064 Seco Warwick Batch/Box Temper Furnace, 48"W x 48"H x 72"D,
1250F, electric
V1081 Lindberg Batch Temper Furnace, 20"W x 30"D x 18"H, 1250F,
electric
Batch / Box High-Temp Furnaces

C0007 JL Becker Box Furnace with atmosphere, 72"W x 72"H x 72"L,
1650F, gas-fired
C0041 Park Thermal High Heat Box Furnace, 36"W x 24"H x 60"L,
1850F, electric
U3556 Pacific Industrial Box Furnace, 24W x 18H x 36L, 2800F,
electric
U3603 Atmosphere Furnace Batch Temper Furnace, 42"W x 30"H x
58"D, 1600F, gas-fired
V1013 Thermolyne Furnace, Hi Temp, Front Door Loading, 10"W x 9"H
x 14"L, 2000F, electric
V1024 PIFCO Temper Furnace, Skid Hearth, 36W x 48L x 30H,
1300F, electric
V1049 Surface Combustion Temper Furnace, 87"W x 36"H x 87"L,
1350F, gas-fired
V1067 Seco Warwick High-Temp Box Furnace, 24"W x 24"H x 36"D,
1800F, electric
Batch Oil Quench Furnaces

V1068 Surface Combustion Batch/Oil Quench Furnace, 30"W x 30"H x
48"D, 1800F, electric
U3626 Dow IQ Furnace with Top Cool, 24W x 36L x 22H, 1750F,
gas-fired
V1070 HeatTek Car Bottom Furnace, 8'W x 17'D x 6'6"H, 1650F, gasfired, radiant tube
Car Bottom Furnaces

V1079 Johnston Car Bottom Furnace, 30W x 40D x 15H, 1800F, gasfired
Drop Bottom Furnaces

C0053 Heattreater Drop Bottom Furnace, 32"W x 32"D x 32"H, 1025F,
electric
U3543 Despatch Drop Bottom Furnace, 4W x 4H x 6L, 1200F, electric
Internal Quench Furnaces

U3569 Surface Combustion IQ Furnace, 24W x 18H x 36D, 1750F,
gas-fired
U3606 Dow/AFC IQ Furnace, 30"W x 48"L x 24"H, 1850F, gas-fired
U3620 Ipsen Straight-Thru IQ Furnace, 24W x 18H x 36D, 1850F,
gas-fired
V1046 Surface Combustion IQ Furnace, 87"W x 36"H x 87"L, 1850F,
gas-fired
gas-fired
52

gas-fired
V1062 Surface Combustion Super IQ Furnace, 36W x 36H x 72D,
1950F, gas-fired
V1082 Holcroft IQ Furnace, Top Cool, 30" x 48" x 30"
Mesh Belt Brazing Furnaces

U3310 Lindberg Mesh Belt Brazing Furnace, 18W x 11"H, 2100F,
electric
U3529 CI Hayes Mesh Belt Brazing Furnace, 18"W X 6"H, 2100F,
electric
U3580 JL Becker Mesh Belt Brazing Furnace, 14"W x 6"H, 2100F,
electric
U3592 JL Becker Mesh Belt Brazing Furnace, 12"W x 6"H, 2100F,
electric
V1035 Seco Warwick Mesh Belt Brazing Furnace, 18W x 12H, 2100F,
electric
Mesh Belt Tempering Furnaces

C0010 Despatch Mesh Belt Tempering Furnace, 57"W x 14"H x 20' L,
1000F, gas-fired
V1022 Surface Combustion Mesh Belt Tempering Furnace, 42W x 36'D
x 12H, 1350F, gas-fired
Roller Hearth Furnaces

C0025 Park Thermal Batch Temper Roller Hearth Furnace, 36W x 30H
X 72L, 1250F, gas-fired
U3550 PIFCO Powered Roller Hearth Temper Furnace, 21"W x 16"H x
10'L, electric
V1009 Ipsen Continuous Temper Furnace, 24W x 18H x 10L, 1350F,
electric
Steam Tempering Furnace

U3616 Degussa Durferrit Steam Tempering Furnace, 24" dia x 48"D,
1200F
Vacuum Furnaces
C0013 CI Hayes Oil Quench Vacuum Furnace, 24"W x 18"H x 36"D,
electric
C0019 Surface Combustion Vacuum Temper Furnace, 36"W x 24"H x
48"L, 1350F, electric
C0027 Pacific Scientific Vacuum Temper Furnace, 24W x 24H x 36D,
1450F, electric
U3612 AVS Vacuum Annealing Furnace, 18"W x 12"H x 24"D, 2400F,
electric
V1004 CI Hayes Vacuum Furnace, Oil Quench, 18W x 12H x 30L,
2400F, electric
V1080 Ipsen Vacuum Furnace, 18"W x 32"D x 12"H, 2100F, electric
Endothermic Gas Generators

C0034
C0060
U3594
U3614
V1021
V1075
JL Becker Gas Generator - 8,000 CFH Endo

Linberg Endothermic Gas Generator - 1200 CFH
Atmosphere Furnace Gas Generator, 3,000 CFH Endo
Lindberg Gas Generator - 1,000 CFH Endo
Surface Combustion Gas Generator - 2,400 CFH Endo
Lindberg Gas Generator, 3000 CFH Endo
Exothermic Gas Generators

U3581 CI Hayes Gas Generator - 4,000 CFH Exo
U3593 JL Becker Exothermic Gas Generator, 2,500 CFH with gas dryer
U3627 Linberg Endothermic Gas Generator - 1200 CFH
V1036 Seco Warwick Gas Generator - 3,000 CFH Exo
Material Handling - Conveyors

U3565 Conveyor - Roller: 48W x 20L
Ovens - Cabinet
C0037 Grieve Cabinet Oven, 36"W x 36"L x 36"H, 650F, electric
U020 Blue-M Oven/Ref, 20W x 20H x 18D, (-4F/400F)
Ovens - Walk-In
C0035
C0036
C0038
C0039
V1040
Park Thermal Walk-In Oven, 48"W x 60"L x 48"H, 500F, electric

Grieve Walk-In Oven, 48"W x 48"L x 60"H, 500F, electric
Despatch Walk-In Oven, 54"W x 108"L x 72"H, 500F, electric
Gehnrich Walk-In Oven, 72"W x 96"L x 72"H, 400F, electric
Despatch Walk-In Oven, Dual-Door, Straight-Thru, 12'W x 12'D
x 5'H, 1100F, gas-fired
Blowers
U018
Twin City Blower - 20 HP
Charge Cars
V1043
V1076
V1085
V1051
Surface Combustion Charge Car, Double-Ended

Surface Combustion Charge Car, 30W x 48L, DEDP
Holcroft Charge Car, DE/DP, 36W x 48D
Surface Combustion Charge Car, DEDPER, 87"W x 87"L
Compressors
U019
U023
Spencer Turbo Compressor - 1.5 HP

Spencer Turbo Compressor
Scissors Lifts
V1086 Holcroft Scissors Lift & Holding Table
Heat Exchanger Systems

U030
Graham Systems Heat Exchanger - Plate
Water Cooling Systems

U3404 JL Becker Cooling Tower with Tank: Tower: 51W x 64H x 36L,
Tank: 72W x 66H x 84L
U3595 JL Becker 2-Tank Water Cooling System, 2 Dayton 1HP Motors
Washers
U3564 Holcroft Batch Washer, 36W x 72H x 36L, gas-fired
V1077 Park Thermal Spray Dunk Washer, 30W x 48L x 30H, 190F
V1084 Holcroft Spray/Dunk Washer, 36W x 48D x 30H, 190F, gasfired
V1052 Surface Combustion BIQ Washer, 87"W x 36"H x 87"L, 180F,
gas-fired
Transformers
Extensive inventory of all types of transformers for any and all
applications
Baskets & Boxes

Extensive inventory of heat treat baskets and boxes
For Miscellaneous Parts Inventory and Complete
Equipment Listings visit www.heattreatequip.com
Check out the latest Used Equipment Listings on Facebook and Twitter #IHUsedEquip
Cel
eb
r
CEL
EB
our 5
ing
1s
at
ar
Ye
52
2016
1964 YEARS
Website: www.consequip.com
Phone: 810-966-1500
Email: ghowell@consequip.com
CONSOLIDATED
EQUIPMENT COMPANY
FOR SALE
Using a Tired
CARBURIZING
Atmosphere?
HEAVY CARBON CO.

Do more than just adding enriching gas to
an endogas atmosphere to create a dead
1.0%C carburizing atmosphere
More Bang For Your Buck!!!

Use the endocarb system for a highly
reactive atmosphere create clean
1.5% Carbon Potential for faster,
higher quality work
Please ask for details:

heavycarbon@frontiernet.net
Heavy
Carbon
Company
16
AY
C
ATMOSPHERE GENERATORS
500CFH
Endothermic Lindberg (air)
Gas
750CFH
Endothermic Ipsen
Gas
1000CFH
Endothermic (air) Lindberg
Gas
1000CFH
Ammonia Dissoc. Lindberg
Elec
1000CFH
Exothermic Gas Atmos.
Gas
2000CFH
Ammonia Dissoc. Drever (3)
Elec
3000CFH
Endothermic Lindberg (3) - Air
Gas
3600CFH
Endothermic Surface (2)
Gas
5600CFH
Endothermic Surface (3)
Gas
6000CFH
Gas Atmos. Nitrogen Generator
Gas
BOX FURNACES
12" 24" 8" Lucifer Up/Down (Muffle) Elec 2100F
12" 24" 10" Lindberg (Atmos.)
Elec 2000F
Elec 2500F
12" 24" 12" Hevi Duty (2)
Elec 1950F
12" 32" 12" L&L Retort
Elec 2100F
13" 24" 12" Electra Up/Down
Elec 2000F
16" 24" 15" C/K (Atmos)
Elec 2300F
17" 14.5" 12" L&L (New)
Elec 2350F
18" x 30" x 13" Hevi-Duty
Elec 1850F
18" x 36" x 18" Lindberg (Fan)
Elec 1850F
18" x 48" x 18" L&L Mfg.
Elec 2350F
20" x 48" x 12" Hoskins
Elec 2000F
22" x 36" x 17" Lindberg (Retort)
Elec 2050F
24" 36" 24" Hevi-Duty
Elec 2000F
24" 42" 14" Hevi-Duty
Elec 2300F
24" 48" 24" Hevi-Duty
Elec 2350F
31" 102" 60" KF-Shuttle Kiln
Elec 2250F
30" 48" 30" Lindberg (Atmos-Fan)
Elec 1850F
36" 72" 42" Eisenmann (Car Bottom) Gas 3100F
48" 54" 52" CFF Shuttle Kiln
Elec 2250F
Gas 2400F
60"216"48" IFSI (Car Bottom)
64"180"68" Swindell-Dress. Car Bottom Gas 2350F
96"360"48" Sauder "Autotilt"
Elec 1400F
126"420"72" Drever "Lift-Off" (2) (Atmos.) Gas 1450F
PIT FURNACES
14" Dia 60"D Procedyne Fluid Bed
Elec 1850F
38" Dia x 48"
Lindberg (1991)
Elec 1400F
72" Dia x 72"D Flynn + Dreffein (2)
Elec 1400F
VACUUM FURNACES
15" 24" x 10" Ipsen - VFC 224
Elec 2400F
24" 36" x 18" Hayes (Oil Quench)
Elec 2400F
24" 48" x 24" GCA (Vac. Indust)
Elec 2400F
36" 48" x 24" Surface (Temper)
Elec 1350F
48" 60"
Ipsen Bottom Load
Elec 2400F
INTEGRAL QUENCH FURNACES
24" 36" 24" AFC (Top-Cool-Line)
Elec 1850F
30" 48" 20" Surface
Gas 1750F
30" 48" 30" Surface
Elec 1750F
BELT FURNACES/OVENS
5" 36" 2" BTU(Inert)
Elec 1922F
12" 120" 15" Grieve
Elec 450F
24" 15' 24" E&M
Gas 500F
36" 18' 6" OSI
Gas 1250F
48" 15' 24" Grieve (2008)
Elec 450F
48" 16' 10" Holcroft
Gas 500F
60" 40' 14" GE Roller Hearth (Atmos) Elec 1650F
60" 40' 14" Wellman Roller Hearth (Atmos) Elec 1650F
60" 25' 12" AFC (2000)
Gas 500F
OMP
20
.K
VFS 24 x 36 x 24, 2500F, 2 BARR

Elatec 24"W x 36"L x 18"H, 4000F
Ipsen 524, 24" x 36" x 24", 2400F
SECO 36" x 120" x 36" 2400F
GH Induction Atmospheres,
12" dia. x 17" H, bottom load,
diff pump and mechanical
AFC/Holcroft austemper lines, loader,
furnace, salt quench, washer, 2 available
WEBBER freezer, -110F,
72"W x 48"D x 48"FB
Since 1936
W. H
VACUUM
FURNACES SALE
G OUR 80TH AN
TIN
N
RA
RY
RSA
IVE
FOR SALE
A N Y 19
36
MISCELLANEOUS
Combustion Air Blowers (All sizes)
24" 36"
Lindberg Charge Car (Manual)
36" 48" 30" Holcroft "D&S" Washer
Elec
24" 36" 24" Salt Quench Tanks (2) Elec 1000F
Wilson Hardness Testers (Superficial)
(2) Bell & Gossett "Shell & Tube" Heat Exchangers
24" x 36" x 24" Lindberg "Cooldown" Chamber
36" x 48"
AFC Charge Car (D.E.)
Elec
AFC Pusher Line (Atmos.)
Gas 1750F
48" x 48" x 48" Quench Tank w/Cooler
36" Wide Table Rotary Hearth (Atmos.) Elec 1850F
30"x 48"
Surface Roller Table
OVENS/BOX TEMPERING
8" 18" 8"
Lucifer
Elec 1250F
12" 16" 18" Lindberg (3)
Elec 1250F
12" 24" 12" Lucifer
Elec 1250F
12" 18" 12" Lindberg
Elec 1400F
14" 14" 14" Blue-M
Elec 1050F
14" 14" 14" Gruenberg (2)
Elec 1200F
14" 14" 14" Blue-M
Elec 650F
14" 14" 14" Gruenberg (solvent)
Elec 450F
Elec 1200F
15" 24" 12" Sunbeam (N2)
20" 18" 20" Blue-M
Elec 400F
20" 18" 20" Despatch
Elec 650F
20" 18" 20" Blue-M
Elec 650F
20" 18" 20" Blue-M (2)
Elec 800F
20" 20" 20" Grieve
Elec 1250F
24" 20" 20" Blue-M
Elec 1000F
24" 26" 24" Grieve
Gas 500F
24" 24" 18" Lindberg
Elec 1250F
24" 24" 36" New England
Elec 800F
24" 24" 48" Blue-M
Elec 600F
Elec 500F
24" 36" 24" Demtec (N2)
24" 36" 24" AFC (N2)
Elec 1250F
24" 36" 24" Trent
Elec 1400F
25" 20" 20" Blue-M
Elec 650F
24" 36" 48" Gruenberg
Elec 500F
25" 20" 20" Blue-M (Inert)
Elec 1100F
26" 26" 38" Grieve (2)
Elec 850F
27" 24" 18" Grieve (New)
Elec 350F
30" 30" 60" Gruenberg
Elec 450F
30" 30" 30" Hevi Duty
Elec 1500F
30" 30" 48" Process Heat
Elec 650F
30" 38" 48" Gruenberg (Inert) (2)
Elec 450F
30" 48" 30" Surface
Elec 1250F
36" 24" 36" Grieve
Elec 350F
Elec 1400F
36" 36" 36" Grieve
Elec 350F
36" 36" 60" Grieve
Elec 350F
36" 36" 72" Despatch
Elec 500F
36" 48" 36" Grieve
Elec 650F
36" 60" 36" CEC (2)
Elec 650F
36" 84" 36" Lindberg (1996)
Gas 800F
48" 48" 48" L&L Mfg. (Retort)
Elec 1300F
48" 48" 60" Gasmac Burn-off (2)
Gas 850F
48" 48" 72" Trent
Elec 1200F
54" 48" 60" Steelman
Gas 450F
55" 30" 60" P. Quincy
Elec 350F
54" 102" 72" Despatch
Elec 500F
72" 72" 72" CEC
Elec 500F
108" 96" 65" Eisenmann (5)
Gas 1200F
96" 360" 48" Sauder "Autotilt"
Elec 1400F
84" 240" 84" W.P. Miller
Gas 450F
Booth #114 ASM/AGMA Show COBO Ctr., Detroit Oct. 2015
53
INDEX OF
ADVERTISERS
IN THIS ISSUE
Advertiser
Page
Phone
Website
Across International LLC
13
888-988-0899
www.acrossinternational.com
Ajax TOCCO Magnethermic Corp.
28, 45
800-547-1527
www.ajaxtocco.com
Ametek Land
17
412-826-4444
www.ametek-land.com
ASME 2016 Turbo Expo
47
800-843-2763
www.asme.org/events/turbo-expo
Association for Iron & Steel Technology
41
724-814-3000
www.aist.org
Can-Eng Furnaces International LTD.
11
905-356-1327
www.can-eng.com
Custom Electric Mnaufacturing Co.
15
248-305-7700
www.custom-electric.com
Daniels Fan, A Cincinnati Fan Company
7, Inside Back Cover
800-628-1200
www.danielsfans.com
FNA 2016
35
904-249-0448
www.furnacesnorthamerica.com
G-M Enterprises
Back Cover
951-340-4646
Ipsen Inc.
4-5
800-727-7625
www.ipsenusa.com
Jackson Transformer Co.
33
813-879-5811
www.jacksontransformer.com
Lindberg/MPH
23
269-849-2700
www.lindbergmph.com
Neturen
31
86(0)515-83857909
www.neturen.com.cn
Protection Controls Inc.
29, 44
847-674-7676
www.protectioncontrolsinc.com
Qual-Fab Inc.
44
440-327-5000
www.qual-fab.net
SECO/WARWICK Corporation
Inside Front Cover, 20, 25
814-332-8400
www.secowarwick.com
Solar Manufacturing
37
267-384-5040
www.solarmfg.com
Super Systems Inc.
27
513-772-0060
Surface Combustion Inc.
800-537-8980
www.surfacecombustion.com
Tinius Olsen
41
215-675-7100
www.tiniusolsen.com
Unifrax, LLC
716-768-6500
www.unifrax.com
Unitherm Furnace LLC
19
636-327-5777
www.unithermfurnace.com
In 1597, Francis Bacon said
Knowledge is power
419 Years later, Industrial Heating eNews is delivering it to your inbox.
Sign up today its free, its easy.
Sign up now for Industrial Heatings daily news brief and bi-weekly
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Worn Out?
No Problem.
Daniels Fans can repair/rebuild any
manufacturers high temperature fan.
World leading manufacturers of high temperature

industrial fans since 1977.
A Cincinnati Fan Company
nasales@danielsfans.com | www.danielsfans.com | 800.628.1200
Now in North America.
For over 40 years G-M ENTERPRISES has developed, designed

and manufactured state-of-the-art Vacuum Furnaces and VPA
Coating Furnaces for superior performance and superior product
quality to meet challenging market demands.
Suresh Jhawar and the employees of G-M would like to thank the
companies and customers that have supported them and contributed
to their success over the last three decades.
Furnaces that
work
For more information contact

G-M Enterprises 525 Klug Circle, Corona, California 92880
Phone 951-340-GMGM (4646) Fax: 951-340-9090 www.gmenterprises.com

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The International Journal of Thermal Processing

Publication Vol. LXXXIV No. 2

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Annealing Homogenizing Pre-Heat Melting & Holding Solution Heat Treat

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Aluminum Coil Annealing

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Furnace Hot-Zone Upgrade

Vacuum furnace users encounter unique maintenance

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High-Temperature Oxidation A Case Study

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MAINTAINS DIMENSIONAL STABILITY

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Additive-Manufacturing Research Explores the Behavior of Metals, Alloys

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