1

Exercise Set 1.1

1. In each part, determine whether the equation is linear in
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

x1 , x2

and

x3

x1 5 x2 2 x3 1

x1 3 x2 x1 x3 2

x1 7 x2 3x3
x12 x2 8 x3 5
x13 5 2 x2 x3 4
1
x1 2 x2 x3 71 3
3

f)
2. In each part, determine whether the equations form a linear system.
a)

2 x 4 y z 2

3x

b)
c)

d)

2
0
y

x4
2x 8

4 x y 2 z 1
x ln 2 y 3z 0
3 z x 4

y 5z 1
6x 2z 3

x y z 4

3. In each part, determine whether the equations form a linear system.

a)

b)

x4 5

2 x1

x1 5 x2 3x3 2 x4 1
sin(2 x1 x3 ) 5
e 2 x2 2 x4
4 x4 4

1
x2

c)

7 x1 x2 2 x3 0
2 x1 x2 x3 x4 3

x1 5 x2 x4 1
x1 x2 x3 x4

4.
5.
6.

7.

d)
For each system in Exercise 2 that is linear, determine whether it is
consistent.
For each system in Exercise 3 that is linear, determine whether it is
consistent.
Write a system of linear equations consisting of three equations in three
unknowns with
a) no solutions.
b) exactly one solution.
c) infinitely many solutions.
In each part, determine whether the given vector is a solution of the linear
system
2 x1 4 x2 x3 1
x1 3x2 x3 1

3x1 5 x2 3x3 1

a)
b)
c)
d)

3,1,1

3, 1,1
13,5, 2
13 5
, , 2

2 2

17, 7,5

e)
8. In each part, determine whether the given vector is a solution of the linear
system
x1 2 x2 2 x3 3
3 x1 x2 x3 1

x1 5 x2 5 x3 5

a)

5 8
, ,1
7 7

b)
c)
d)

5 8
, , 0
7 7

5,8,1
5 10 2
, ,
7 7 7
5 22
, , 2
7 7

e)
9. In each part, find the solution set of the linear equation by using
parameters as necessary.
a)

7x 5y 3

8 x1 2 x2 5 x3 6 x4 1

b)
10.In each part, find the solution set of the linear equation by using
parameters as necessary.
a)

3x1 5 x2 4 x3 7

3v 8w 2 x y 4 z 0

b)
11.In each part, find a system of linear equations corresponding to the given
augmented matrix

a)

b)
c)

2 0 0
3 4 0

0 1 1

3 0 2 5
7 1 4 3

0 2 1 7

7 2 1 3
1 2 4 0

1
0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

5
1
7
2
3

d)
12.In each part, find a system of linear equations corresponding to the given
augmented matrix.

a)
b)

c)

2 1
4 6

1 1

3 0

0 3 1 1 1
5 2 0 3 6

1 2 3 4
4 3 2 1

5 6 1 1

8 0 0 3
3
4

0
0
3
0

1 4
4 1
0 2
0 1

3
3
9

d)
13.In each part, find the augmented matrix for the given system of linear
equations.
a)

2 x1 6

3 x1 8
9 x1 3

b)

6 x1 x2 3 x3 4
5 x2 x3 1

2 x2 3 x4 x5 0

c)

3 x1 x2 x3 1

6 x1 2 x2 x3 2 x4 3x5 6
x1 x5 7

d)
14.In each part, find the augmented matrix for the given system of linear
equations.
a)

3x1 2 x2 1

4 x1 5 x2 3
7 x1 3 x2 2

b)

2 x3 1

2 x1

3 x1 x2 4 x3 7

6 x1 x2 x3 0

c)

x1 2 x2

x4 x5 1

3 x2 x3

x5 2
x3 7 x4 1

d)

x1

x2

x3 3

15. The curve

y ax 2 bx c

through the points

a, b

and

shown in the accompanying figure passes

x1 , y1 , x2 , y2

and

x3 , y3

. Show that the coefficients

are a solution of the system of linear equations whose

x12

augmented matrix is

2
2
2
3

x
x

x1 1 y1

x2 1 y2
x3 1 y3

16. Explain why each of the three elementary row operations does not affect
the solution set of a linear system.
17. Show that if the linear equations
x1 kx2 c

and

x1 lx2 d

have the same solution set, then the two equations are identical (i.e.,
k 1

cd

and
).
True-False Exercises
In parts (a)-(h) determine whether the statement is true or false, and
justify your answer.
a) A linear system whose equations are all homogeneous must be
consistent.
(True/False)
b) Multiplying a linear equation through by zero is an acceptable
elementary row operation.
(True/False)
c) The linear system
x y 3

2x 2 y k
k

cannot have a unique solution, regardless of the value of .

(True/False)
d) A single linear equation with two or more unknowns must always
have infinitely many solutions.
(True/False)
e) If the number of equations in a linear system exceeds the number of
unknowns, then the system must be inconsistent.
(True/False)
f) If each equation in a consistent linear system is multiplied through by
c

a constant , then all solutions to the new system can be obtained by

c

multiplying solutions from the original system by .

(True/False)
g) Elementary row operations permit one equation in a linear system to
be subtracted from another.
(True/False)
h) The linear system with corresponding augmented matrix
2 1 4
0 0 1

is consistent.

(True/False)