Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

ECE 4104
EXPERIMENT #2
(Basic Logic Gates using Integrated Circuits)
Members:
Dimajiva, Billy John J.
Geloryao, Chris John G.
Jomuad, Baeber Beau M.

Engr. Ramon A. Alguidano Jr.

Instructor
Date Performed:
_____July 1, 2015____
Date Submitted:
_____July 8, 2015____

I.

Objectives

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

1. Determine and demonstrate the principles and operation of a

simple logic gates circuit using integrated circuits.
2. Design a simple logic circuit using integrated circuits and
propose an implementation process for a practical application.
3. Consolidate and synthesize the concepts identified in this
experiment.

II.

Introduction

A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. Most

logic gates have two inputs and one output. At any given moment, every
terminal is in one of the two binary conditions low (0) or high (1),
represented by different voltage levels. The logic state of a terminal can,
and generally does, change often, as the circuit processes data. In most
logic gates, the low state is approximately zero volts (0V), while the high
state is approximately five volts positive (+5). It is implemented in
different forms within integrated circuit.
A NOT gate, often called an inverter, has only a single input with
simple behavior. A NOT gate performs logical negation on its input. In
other words, if the input 0 is true, then the output will be called 1 or
false. Similarly, a false input results in a true output.

A
0
1

Integrated Circuit of NOT gate:

Q
1
0

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

7404 is a NOT gate IC. It consists of six inverters which perform

logical invert action. The output of an inverter is the complement of its
input logic state, i.e., when input is high its output is low and vice versa.

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

Pin Diagram:

Pin Number

Description

A Input Gate 1

Y Output Gate 1

A Input Gate 2

Y Output Gate 2

A Input Gate 3

Y Output Gate 3

Ground

Y Output Gate 4

A Input Gate 4

10

Y Output Gate 5

11

A Input Gate 5

12

Y Output Gate 6

13

A Input Gate 6

14

Positive Supply

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

FIGURE A

TABLE A
The AND gate is so named because, if 0 is called false and 1 is called
true, the gate acts in the same way as the logical and operator. The
following illustration and table show the circuit symbol and logic
combinations for an AND gate. (In the symbol, the input terminals are at
the output terminal is at right). The output is true when both inputs are
true. Otherwise, the output is false.

A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

Q
0
0
0
1

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
Pin Number

Description

A Input Gate 1

B Input Gate 1

Y Output Gate 1

A Input Gate 2

B Input Gate 2

Y Output Gate 2

Ground

Y Output Gate 3

B Input Gate 3

10

A Input Gate 3

11

Y Output Gate 4

12

B Input Gate 4

13

A Input Gate 4

14

Positive Supply

Integrated Circuit of AND gate:

7408 IC is a QUAD 2-Input AND
GATES and contains four independent
gates each of which performs the logic
AND function.

Pin Diagram:

FIGURE B

TABLE B
The OR gate gets its name from
the fact that if it behaves after
fashion of the logical inclusive or.
The output is true if either or both
of the inputs are true. If both
inputs are false, then the output
is false.

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

Q
0
1
1
1

Integrated Circuit of OR gate:

7432 IC is a QUAD 2-Input OR GATES
and contains four independent gates each of
which performs the logic OR function.

Pin Number

Description

A Input Gate 1

B Input Gate 1

Y Output Gate 1

A Input Gate 2

B Input Gate 2

Y Output Gate 2

Ground

Y Output Gate 3

A Input Gate 3

10

B Input Gate 3

11

Y Output Gate 4

12

A Input Gate 4

13

B Input Gate 4

14

Positive Supply

Pin Diagram:

FIGURE C
TABLE C
Logic operations can be
performed using any non-linear
device that has at least two
distinct regions of operation. Obvious
choices for the engineer are the
semiconductor diode and the bipolar
junction transistor. It is important to
note that noise, power source
fluctuations, loading by other
circuits, and other factors will cause
the logic level voltages to vary over
some range. Each logic gate type
has its individual range of logic level
voltage variation.

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

III.

Materials
1- Logic trainer
1- Bread board
1- Set connecting wires
1- logic probe
1- 7404 IC
1- 7408 IC
1- 7432 IC

IV.

Procedure

1. Construct and simulate the NOT logic gate of Figure 1. Manipulate

switches A and B according to Table 1. Record the output at Table 1.A.
(Note: In 7404 Integrated Circuit, there are six independent inverters
present. Use one of them in doing the practical experimentation as well
as for the simulation. See Figure A and Table A in the introductory part
of this experiment for your reference.)
VCC

5.0V

S1

U1
1A VCC
1Y 6A
2A 6Y
2Y 5A
3A 5Y
3Y 4A
GND 4Y

Key = A

74LS04D
LED1

Figure 1

A
0
1
TABLE 1

VCC

5.0V

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

* O means that the switch is OFF and 1 means that the switch is
ON.
2. Construct and simulate the AND logic circuit of Figure 1-B. Manipulate
switches A and B according to Table 2. Record the output at Table 2.A.
(Note: In 7408 Integrated Circuit, there are four independent AND
gates present. Use one of them in doing the practical experimentation
as well as for the simulation. See Figure B and Table B in the
introductory part of this experiment for you reference.)
VCC

S1

U1
1A VCC
1B 4B
1Y 4A
2A 4Y
2B 3B
2Y 3A
GND 3Y

Key = A

5.0V
VCC

S2
Key = A

5.0V

VCC

5.0V

74LS08D
LED1

FIGURE 2

A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

TABLE 2
* O means that the switch is OFF and 1 means that the
switch is ON.
3. Construct and simulate the OR logic circuit of Figure 3. Manipulate
switches A and B according to Table 3. Record the output at Table 3.A.
((Note: In 7432 Integrated Circuit, there are four independent OR
gates present. Use one of them in doing the practical experimentation
as well as for the simulation. See Figure C and Table C in the
introductory part of this experiment for your reference.)

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

VCC

5.0V
VCC

5.0V

S1

1A VCC
1B 4B
1Y 4A
2A 4Y
2B 3B
2Y 3A
GND 3Y

Key = A
S2
Key = A

VCC

U1

5.0V

74LS32D
LED1

FIGURE 3
A

1
TABLE 3

* O means that the switch is OFF and 1 means that the switch is
ON.

V.

Data
1. Inverter or NOT Integrated Circuit

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
VCC

5.0V

S1

R1

Key = A

1k

VCC

U1A
7404N
LED1

5.0V

R1
1k

S1

U1A

Key = A

7404N
LED1

RESULT
A
1
0

Q
0
1
TABLE 1.A

* O means that the switch is OFF and 1 means that the switch is
ON.
2.

AND Integrated Circuit

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
VCC

5.0V
VCC

5.0V

S1

5.0V

1A VCC
1B 4B
1Y 4A
2A 4Y
2B 3B
2Y 3A
GND 3Y

Key = A
S2

VCC

5.0V

74LS08D
LED1

Key = A

VCC

5.0V
VCC

U1

S1

U1
1A VCC
1B 4B
1Y 4A
2A 4Y
2B 3B
2Y 3A
GND 3Y

Key = A
S2

5.0V
VCC

5.0V

VCC

5.0V

74LS08D
LED1

Key = A

VCC

VCC

5.0V
VCC

5.0V

S1

U1
1A VCC
1B 4B
1Y 4A
2A 4Y
2B 3B
2Y 3A
GND 3Y

Key = A
S2
Key = A

U1
1A VCC
1B 4B
1Y 4A
2A 4Y
2B 3B
2Y 3A
GND 3Y

Key = A
S2

74LS08D
LED1

RESULT
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1
TABLE2.A

Q
0
0
0
1

* O means that the switch is OFF and 1 means that the switch is
ON.
3.

OR Integrated Circuit

5.0V

74LS08D
LED1

S1

Key = A

VCC

VCC

5.0V

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
VCC

5.0V
VCC
VCC
5.0V
5.0V
VCC

5.0V

S1

U1
1A VCC
1B 4B
1Y 4A
2A 4Y
2B 3B
2Y 3A
GND 3Y

Key = A
S2

74LS32D
LED1 U1

KeyS1
=A

1A VCC
1B 4B
1Y 4A
2A 4Y
2B 3B
2Y 3A
GND 3Y

Key = A
S2

74LS32D
LED1

Key = A

VCC

5.0V

VCC

5.0V

VCC

5.0V
VCC
VCC
5.0V
5.0V
VCC

5.0V

S1

U1
1A VCC
1B 4B
1Y 4A
2A 4Y
2B 3B
2Y 3A
GND 3Y

Key = A
S2
KeyS1
=A

74LS32D
LED1 U1
1A VCC
1B 4B
1Y 4A
2A 4Y
2B 3B
2Y 3A
GND 3Y

Key = A
S2
Key = A

74LS32D
LED1

RESULT
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1
TABLE 3.A

Q
0
1
1
1

* O means that the switch is OFF and 1 means that the switch is
ON.

VCC

5.0V

VCC

5.0V

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

VI.

Design
Suppose in an industrial plant if one or more than parameter
exceeds the safe value, some protective measure is needed to be
done. Design a circuit that automatically will shut down the plant if
its temperature or pressure or both exceeds the safe value.

temperature_sensor S1

0V
pressure_sensor

0V

VII. Observation

Key = A
S2
Key = A

U1
1A VCC
1B 4B
1Y 4A
2A 4Y
2B 3B
2Y 3A
GND 3Y

VCC

0V

74LS32D
shutdown_command

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

In this experiment, Basic Logic Gates using Integrated Circuits,

our group was able to observe important things that we think were
needed to understand the experiment more.
First, logic circuits are usually comprised of 2 inputs and 1
output. And these terminals are represented through two binary
conditions low (0) or high (1) or off (0) or on (1), represented by
different voltage levels. With this, the group found it easier to analyze
when given conditions are needed to be satisfied in a logic circuit using
Integrated Circuits.
Second, inverter is a simple logic gate since it has only one input.
The group used 7404 IC to demonstrate how the inverter works. In the
actual testing, the group observed that the 7404 IC consists of six
inverters which perform logical invert action. Thus, its output is the
complement of its input logic state. The results were shown in the data
section of this experiment and were represented in a truth table. When
the switch is turned ON the output will be OFF, and vice-versa.
Moreover, going further in the 7404 IC, it was observed that each
inverter has its own input and output gate. It was perceived that when
you connect the switch to the input of an inverter, you should not
connect its output to the output of another inverter because your
circuit will now work. This holds true to the other ICs as observed.
Third, when the group performed the actual testing of OR gate,
the group found out that a minimum of 1 terminal or condition is
needed to turn on or satisfy the circuit. When it is performed actually
using the 7432 IC, the group observed that only one switch is needed
to be turned on to make the output go on. It was also observed that
this IC has four independent OR gates. Each is comprised of 2 inputs
and 1 output. Hence, you should be familiar with the pin diagram of
the different ICs to correctly connect your circuit.
Fourth, in regards to AND gate, the group observed that in this
logic circuit a minimum of 2 terminals or conditions are needed to turn
on or satisfy the circuit. When performed actually using the 7408 IC, a
minimum of 2 switches are needed to be turned on to make the output
go on. The results were illustrated in the truth table of the data section
of this experiment. It was also perceived that this IC has four
independent AND gates. This is the same with the 7432 IC which has 2
inputs and one input.

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

VIII. Conclusion
In this experiment, the group learned about the principles and
operation of simple logic gates in which logic gate was defined as an
idealized or physical device that performs a logical operation on one or
more logic inputs and produces a single logic output. It is primarily
implemented electronically using diodes or transistors. The simplest
form of electronic logic is diode logic. This allows AND and OR gates
to be built, but not inverters, and so is an incomplete form of logic.
Further, without some kind of amplification it is not possible to have
such basic logic operations cascaded as required for more complex
logic functions. To build a functionally complete logic system, relays,
valves (vacuum tubes), or transistors can be used.
As the standard for the applications of electronic devices
becomes steep, so as the standard for innovation of more efficient and
compact electronics circuits. In order to eliminate the bulk that circuits
with conventional components (i.e. transistors, diodes, resistors, etc.)
integrated circuits were brought about. Integrated circuits (ICs) allows
for a more efficient utility of handheld devices and compact control
systems. Notwithstanding the efficiency of space, ICs provide for an
easier computation and design of any applications circuit as perceived
in the Design component of this experiment. The input can be directly
connected to the designated pins as well as the output. No biasing of
resistors needed for the source and grounding since these components
are already incorporated into the IC.
Moreover, the group was able to perform the AND and OR
logic gates which are the basic operations that are used in some
applications. First, the group learned how the OR logic gate works.
A Logic OR gate is a type of digital logic gate that has an output which
is normally at logic level 0 and only goes HIGH to a logic level 1
when one or more of its inputs are at logic level 1. The output, Q of a
Logic OR Gate only returns LOW again when ALL of its inputs are at
a logic level 0. In other words for a logic OR gate, any HIGH input
will give a HIGH, logic level 1 output. Second, the group executed
the AND gate which in this manner was defied as a type of digital
logic gate that has an output which is normally at logic level 0 and
only goes HIGH to a logic level 1 when ALL of its inputs are at logic
level 1. The output state of a Logic AND Gate only returns LOW

Central Philippine University

College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

again when ANY of its inputs are at a logic level 0. In other words for
a logic AND gate, any LOW input will give a LOW output. These simple
logic gates have been very useful in many applications which in this
manner helped solve an existing problem in an industrial plant which
was shown in the groups design and application.