COMPLEMENTO RESULTATIVO

Complemento del verbo que describe el resultado de un verbo.

Se puede mirar, pero no ver
Se puede escuchar, pero no oir.
En el verbo chino el resultado no est incluido como es en "ver" y "or". As que
se utiliza el resultativo para indicar ese resultado del verbo.

= mirar, pero no incluye el resultado "ver"

=

escuchar pero no incluye "oir"

= recordar, sin especificar si la informacin ha sido olvidada o recordada

con xito
Todos estos verbos necesitan un complemento resultado para describir una
accin completa con su resultado.

Se forma: VERBO + Verbo/Adjetivo

solo significa 'escuchar', pero

solo significa 'mirar'. incluye el resultado - 'para

ver'.

escribir +correcto

'escuchar

escribir algo de manera correcta

Estudiar + ser capaz capaz de dominar

para lavar algo y que sea limpio'.

lavar + limpio

NEGACION

(pasado)

Sujeto + negacin + Verbo + resultativo + Objeto

Partculas de aspecto con complementos de resultados

Tambin puede utilizar las partculas de aspecto
verbos.

como en el resto de

casi siempre aparece con los complementos resultativos por indicar accin
completada.

no se puede utilizar con los complementos resultativos . Indica que una

accin est en curso , no tendra sentido describir el resultado de una accin
en curso.

Sujeto + Verbo + resultado + partic. aspecto + Objeto

La partcula aspecto va despus del C. resultado, porque el grupo de Verbo +

C.resultativo no se puede separar. Se comporta como un solo verbo.

INTERROGATIVAS
Se hace igual que con cualquier otra frase que no tenga resultativo

Terminaste tu trabajo?

Terminaste de ver esa pelcula?

Quin puede escribir el

"" en ""?

Which band's music

did we just hear?

Se acord de mi nombre?

Es ella la persona que vio

ayer?

Result.

V+Result

Declarative sentences

A. When the main verb does not have an object.

subject + verb + complement + le

W chwn le.

I finished eating. /I ate.

B. When the main verb takes an object which does not have a modifier.

subject + verb + complement + simple object + le

W chwn fn le.

I finished eating (the food/meal). /I ate (the food/meal).

C. When the main verb takes an object which has a modifier.

modifier + object + subject + verb + complement + le

Ni g wnt w huddu le.


I answered that question correctly.

Negative sentences

Negative sentences are formed by placing mi or mi yu in front

of the main verb and dropping the le .

Ni g wnt w mi huddu.

I did not answer that question correctly.

The negative form may also use b instead of mi yu , but this

commonly occurs only in conditional clauses describing actions that have
not been carried out. Compare the highlighted parts in the following
sentences. One uses b while the other uses mi .

Negative form using b implying a condition.

W b zuwn zuy ji b shujio.

If I dont finish doing my homework, I will not go to bed.

Comparison with mi or miyu , which does not imply a
condition.

W mi zuwn zuy.

I did not finish doing my homework.

VI. Interrogative sentences

Interrogative sentences are formed by using ma or mi yu at

the end of the sentence.

A:

N zuwn zuy le ma? or:

N zuwn zuy le miyu?

Have you finished doing your homework?

Positive answer

B:

Zuwn le.

Yes, I have.

Negative answer

B:

Mi zuwn.

I havent.

VII. The complement of result used in b sentences

Because b sentences are used to point out what has happened to the
object as the result of an action, the verb always has to take an element to
indicate specifically how the object is consequentially affected or how
someone intends to affect it. Therefore, the resultative complement is often
used in b sentences.

A.

W b n-de mn xiho le.

I fixed your door.

The desired result of repairing is to make something work again---to

be as good as before. The stative verb ho is used here to indicate
the result of the action xi (to fix).

B.

W b jntin de zuy zuwn le.

I finished todays homework.

The desired result of doing homework is to finish it. Zu indicates

the action of doing and wn indicates completion. With the modal
particle le indicating accomplished fact, this sentence indicates that

the subject (agent), w , has brought todays homework to the

stage of completion as a result of doing it.

VIII. Stative verb as the complement

Only stative verbs and verbs can be used as resultative complements.

Stative verbs, such as du correct, cu wrong, ho good, hui

broken, bo full, qngchu clear, etc, can be used as resultative
complements. Most stative verbs are monosyllabic, only a few are
disyllabic. These stative verbs are suffixed to verbs to emphasize different
resultative aspects of the action.

-du correct

1. huddu

answer correctly

guess correctly

3. shudu

speak correctly

4. xidu

write correctly

5. zudu

do correctly

2. cidu

etc.

Example: huddu (hud to answer + du correct):

answer correctly

Nixi wnt t du huddu le.

She answered all of the questions correctly.

-cu incorrect, wrong

1. hudcu
2. cicu

3. shucu

answer incorrectly
guess incorrectly
speak/say incorrectly

4. xicu

write incorrectly

5. kncu

see/read incorrectly

6. tngcu

hear incorrectly

7. zucu

do incorrectly

etc.

Example: xicu (xi to write + cu inccorect): write

incorrectly

Zhi ge z n xicu le. Ynggi xi tin, ksh n xi de sh

f.

You wrote this character incorrectly. You should have written

tin , but you wrote f instead.

-ho achieve completion/achieve an adequate result

1. zuho

2. zhnbiho

done; finish doing

finish preparing

3. xiho

finish writing

4. xiho

fixed; repaired

5. xuho

study well

6. shuho

sleep well

etc.

Example 1: zuho
done; finish doing

(zu to do/to cook + ho done)

Wnfn zuho le.

Dinner is ready.

Example 2: xiho

(xi fix/repair + ho good): fixed;

repaired
W-de ch hi mi xiho ne.

My car is not yet fixed.

Example 3: shuho (shu sleep + ho well): sleep well

Zutin wnshng w mi shuho jio, suy jntin jude
hn li.

Last night I did not sleep well, so I feel tired today.

-hui bad; broken

nnghui

break; cause something to break

Example: nnghui (nng to cause + hui broken): break

T b w-de dinno nnghui le.

He broke my computer.

-bo full (often suffixed to ch )

chbo

full (as a result of eating)

Example: chbo (ch eat + bo full): full as a result of

eating

W chbo le, b nng zi ch le.

Im full, I cant eat any more.

-qngchu clear

1. knqngchu

see clearly

2. tngqngchu

hear clearly

3. shuqngchu speak clearly

4. xiqngchu

write clearly

etc.

Example: tngqngchu (tng listen + qngchu clear)

hear clearly

Dubq, w mi tngqngchu. Qng zi shu y bin.

Sorry, I didnt hear clearly. Please say it again.

X. Verbs as complements

Only stative verbs and verbs can be used as resultative complements.

Verbs are often used as complements to indicate different resultative

aspects of an action, such as wn finish, jin , do , zho , lio ,
zh , dng , dng , ki , hu , zi , gi , chng , zu ,
wi , zu , po , s , tu , etc.

-wn finish (can go with many verbs to indicate that someone has
finished doing the action)

1. knwn

finish (reading/watching/seeing)

2. shuwn

finish (speaking/talking)

3. xuwn

finish (studying)

4. zuwn

finish (doing)

5. xiwn

finish (writing)

etc.

Example: knwn (kn read + wn finish) finish reading

Zhi bn sh n knwn le mi yu?

Have you finished reading the book?

-jin perceive (jin indicates perception)

1. knjin

see

2. tngjin

hear

3. pngjin

bump into

4. yjin

run into

etc.

Example: knjin (kn look + jin perceive) see

Zutin w mi (yu) knjin Lo Wng.

()
Yesterday I did not see Old Wang.

-do (1). implying that an action has attained the expected aim or
result

1. kndo

see

2. tngdo

hear

3. ydo

run into

4. jido

receive

5. shudo

receive

6. zhodo

find

7. mido

succeed in buying

etc.

Example 1: zhodo (zho to look for + do [attain the

expected result]) find

W zhodo L Xinsheng le.

I have found Mr. Li.

Example 2: mido (mi to buy + do [attain the expected

result]) succeed in buying

W qwn le. Mi yu mido dinyng pio.

I was late./ I got there late. [So,] I did not manage to get the
movie tickets.

-do (2) : reach or arrive at (a place or a point of time)

1. zudo

walk to /until/up to

2. podo

run to /until/up to

3. xudo

study until/up to,

4. shudo

sleep until/up to

5. mngdo

be busy until/up to

6. kndo

read or watch until/up to

7. tngdo

listen until/up to

etc.

Example 1: xudo
study until/up to

(xu to study + do until/up to)

Wmen xudo D B K le.


We have studied up to Lesson 8 so far.

Example 2:

Zutin wnshang wmen xu Zhngwn xudo shy din.

We studied Chinese until 11 oclock last night.

-zho implying that an action has attained the expected aim or result

1. zhozho

find ( is the same as zhodo .)

2. shuzho

fall asleep (not the same as )

etc.

Example: shuzho (shu to sleep + zho [attain the

expected result]) fall asleep

Hizi-men du shuzho le.

The children have all fallen asleep.

-zh has the meaning of retaining or keeping something at a certain

place as the result of the action

1. jzh

remember; learn by heart; bear in mind

2. nzh

hold in place by hand(s)

etc.

Example: jzh (j to remember + zh retain/keep) learn

by heart, bear in mind

T-de dzh w mi jzh.

I did not learn his address by heart.

-dng understand; comprehend

1. kndng

understand by reading/looking

2. tngdng

understand by listening

etc.

Example: tngdng (tng to listen + dng understand)

understand by listening

N-de hu w mi tngdng. Nng b nng zi shu y bin.

I did not understand what you said. Can you say it again?

-ki to be open as a result of opening

1. dki

to open

2. kiki

to open

etc.

Example: kiki
make ... open

(ki to open + ki being open) to

Qng b mn kiki.

Please open the door.

-hu know how to do something/master a skill through the action

xuhu

learn; master

Example: xuhu
learn; master

(xu to learn + hu know how to)

W xuhu kich le.

I have learnt how to drive a car.

-zi located at a place as a result of the action

1. fngzi

put at; to be put at

2. zhzi

to live at ...

3. zuzi

to sit at

4. zhnzi

stand at

5. xizi

write on

6. guzi

hang on

etc.

Example: zhnzi (zhn to stand + zi at) to stand at a

place

Tinqi zhme lng, bi zhnzi witou.

It is so cold, dont stand outside.

-gi to (pointing out the recipient)

1. snggi

to give to

2. jgi

to send to

3. jigi

to lend to

4. migi

to sell to

etc.

Example: jigi (ji to lend + gi to) to lend to

T jigi w y bn sh.

He lent me a book.

-chng become; as

1. fnychng

to translate into

2. binchng

to change into

3. knchng

to regard as; to recognize ... mistakenly

as ...
4. tngchng

to hear ... mistakenly as ...

5. xichng

to write ... mistakenly as ...; to adapt...into

etc.

Example: xichng (xi to write + chng become) to

write ... mistakenly as ...; to adapt...into

W b tin xichng f le.

I wrote instead of .

-zu

to regard as ...

2. dngzu

to regard as ...

1. knzu

etc.

Example: dngzu to regard as ...

Wng titai b w dngzu zj-de rzi.


Mrs. Wang regards me as her own son.

-zu away

1. nzu

to take away

2. bnzu

to move away

3. sngzu
4. dizu

to see off
to take away

etc.

Example: bnzu (bn to move + zu away) to move away

Lo Zhng ji bnzu le.

The Old Zhangs moved away.

-s death; (exaggeration indicating extreme)

1. lis

extremely tired; tired to death

2. rs

extremely hot; deathly hot

3. s

starving; extremely hungry

etc.

Example: rs (r hot + s death) extremely hot

Tinqi rs le.

The weather is extremely hot.